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发光细菌法测定环境中金属毒性的研究进展

韦东普;马义兵;陈世宝;孙建光   

  1. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2007-07-25 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-08-10 发布日期:2008-08-10

Assessment of metals toxicity in environment by using bioluminescent bacteria bioassay: A review.

WEI Dong-pu;MA Yi-bing;CHEN Shi-bao;SUN Jian-guang   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2007-07-25 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-08-10 Published:2008-08-10

摘要: 在环境污染物的毒性评价和监测中,发光细菌法是一种具有快速、灵敏和廉价等优点的直接生物测试方法。本文简要回顾了发光细菌法的测定原理及其在水环境中的应用;总结了发光细菌法测定水环境中金属毒性的主要影响因素(如pH、有机无机配体和交互作用);重点评述了发光细菌法在土壤样品金属毒性测定方面的应用、不同提取方法的优缺点以及土壤金属毒性与形态之间的关系;提出今后应加强土壤中金属对发光细菌的毒害机理、土壤环境中发光细菌法标准化以及发光细菌法与其他测试方法的关系等研究。快速、廉价、标准化发光细菌法的建立对土壤环境中金属风险评价和监测具有重要的意义。

关键词: 32P示踪技术, 溶磷真菌, 磷肥, 有效性

Abstract: Bioluminescent bacteria test is a rapid, sensitive, and cost effective direct bioassay for risk assessment and monitoring of environmental pollutants. This paper briefly reviewed the principles of bioluminescent bacteria test and its applications in water environment, and summarized the factors affecting the metals toxicity in water environment, such as pH, ligands, and interactions between metals. The applications of bioluminescent bacteria test in solid phase samples, the advantages and limitations of different extraction procedures, and the relationships between metals toxicity and speciation in soil were commented. It was proposed that the mechanisms of metals toxicity to bacteria and the standardization and optimization of bioluminescence bacteria test for soil samples should be the important issues in the future. The development of rapid, cost effective, and standardized methods by using bioluminescence bacteria would be significant to the risk assessment and monitoring of metals in soil environment.

Key words: 32P isotopic technique, P-dissolving fungi, Phosphate fertilizer, Availability