种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉冠层不同层次光截获与产量形成的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.004

生态学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 741-748.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.004

种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉冠层不同层次光截获与产量形成的影响

王心^1,2,林涛^1*,崔建平¹,张鹏忠¹,汤秋香²,郭仁松¹,王亮¹,邵亚杰²

(¹新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所，农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830091； ²新疆农业大学农学院，棉花教育部工程研究中心，乌鲁木齐 830052)

出版日期:2024-03-10 发布日期:2024-03-13

Effects of planting patterns and irrigation quotas on light interception at different canopy layers and yield formation of machine-picked sea-island cotton

WANG Xin^1,2, LIN Tao^1*, CUI Jianping¹, ZHANG Pengzhong¹, TANG Qiuxiang², GUO Rensong¹, WANG Liang¹, SHAO Yajie²

#br#

(¹Institute of Cash Crops Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Cultivation of Desert Oasis Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China; ²College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Cotton Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830052, China).

Online:2024-03-10 Published:2024-03-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 优化机采长绒棉株行距配置与灌溉定额，是构建棉花合理个体与群体结构，提高产量和机采脱叶效率，实现农机农艺融合的重要途径。本研究采用裂区试验设计，在相同种植密度条件下，设置了一膜三行等行距(S3)、一膜四行宽窄行(S4)和一膜六行宽窄行(S6)3种种植模式，副区为3150 m³·hm^-2(W1，中度亏缺，田间持水量50%)、4050 m³·hm^-2(W2，轻度亏缺，田间持水量75%)和4980 m³·hm^-2(W3，充分灌溉，田间持水量100%)3个灌溉定额，研究了不同处理对长绒棉各层次冠层结构、光合有效辐射传输规律和产量形成的影响机制。结果表明：扩大行距和轻度亏缺灌溉可以降低生育后期叶面积指数下降速率，增加下部冠层的光合有效辐射透过率(T_r)；在S3W2处理下，冠层上、中、下各层T_r分布均匀，接近2∶2∶1的比例；虽然冠层整体光截获率(I_n)有降低趋势，但下层光截获率增加，显著提高了生殖器官的分配比例和棉铃质量，促进了产量的提高；此外，平均行距的扩大和灌溉定额的增加显著降低了水分利用效率(WUE)；最终，一膜三行等行距种植模式(S3)和轻度亏缺(4050 m³·hm^-2)处理有利于促进冠层中下部光合有效辐射光能传输，不仅不会显著降低棉花产量还能够获得相对较高的WUE，该结果对促进长绒棉农机农艺融合，实现产量和机采品质协同提升具有重要意义。

关键词: 长绒棉, 种植模式, 灌溉定额, 光合有效辐射, 产量形成, 水分利用效率

Abstract: Optimizing the spatial distribution of light interception is a key strategy for creating a reasonable individual and group canopy structure in cotton fields, which could increase yield and machine-picking efficiency and realize the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy. We examined the effects of planting patterns and irrigation quotas on light interception at different canopy layers and yield formation of machine-picked sea-island cotton. A field experiment was carried out following a split-plot design in Xinjiang, Northwest China. Three planting patterns included: one film with three equal-width rows (S3), one film with four wide/narrow rows (S4), and one film with six wide/narrow rows (S6) with the same planting density. Three irrigation quotas included: 3150 m³·hm^-2 (W1, moderate deficit, 50% field capacity), 4050 m³·hm^-2 (W2, mild deficit, 75% field capacity), and 4980 m³·hm^-2 (W3, full irrigation, 100% field capacity). The results showed that increased row spacing and mild deficit watering could reduce the rate of decline of leaf area index and increase the PAR transmittance (T_r) of the lower canopy. The T_r of top, middle, and bottom layers of the canopy was distributed uniformly under S3W2 treatment, roughly in the 2∶2∶1 ratio. The distribution ratio of reproductive organs, the quality of cotton bolls, and the yield were greatly improved as a result of higher intercepted PAR rate (I_n) of the lower layer, despite a declining trend in the total I_n of the canopy. Water consumption efficiency was significantly decreased by increasing irrigation quota and row spacing. Our results suggests that the treatment of one film with three rows (S3) and mild deficit irrigation quota (4050 m³·hm^-2) did not decrease cotton yield and water use efficiency, instead of the relative balance of them, due to advantages for increasing PAR light energy transfer in the middle and lower portion of the canopy and promoting. Our results are of great significance for promoting the integration of agricultural machinery and agricultural technology of sea-island cotton and for realizing the collaborative improvement of yield and machine-picking- quality.

Key words: sea-island cotton, planting pattern, irrigation quota, photosynthetically active radiation, yield formation, water use efficiency

王心, 林涛, 崔建平, 张鹏忠, 汤秋香, 郭仁松, 王亮, 邵亚杰. 种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉冠层不同层次光截获与产量形成的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(3): 741-748.

WANG Xin, LIN Tao, CUI Jianping, ZHANG Pengzhong, TANG Qiuxiang, GUO Rensong, WANG Liang, SHAO Yajie. Effects of planting patterns and irrigation quotas on light interception at different canopy layers and yield formation of machine-picked sea-island cotton[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(3): 741-748.

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种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉冠层不同层次光截获与产量形成的影响

Effects of planting patterns and irrigation quotas on light interception at different canopy layers and yield formation of machine-picked sea-island cotton

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