昌图县退化棕壤不同保护性耕作技术模式示范效果

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202606.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究不同保护性耕作技术对退化棕壤生态效益、作物产量和经济效益的影响，本研究依托昌图县老城镇保护性耕作试验研究平台，设置秸秆原位循环保护性耕作（常规垄作无秸秆还田（57 cm均匀垄）、大二比空（57～114 cm行距）和小二比空（45～105 cm行距）秸秆归行覆盖免耕）和种养一体化鸡粪有机肥循环利用技术模式（大二比空秸秆归行覆盖免耕条件下不同量化肥减施配合鸡粪施用，即常规量化肥NPK对照、75% NPK+3000 kg·hm^-2鸡粪、50% NPK+6000 kg·hm^-2鸡粪、25% NPK+9000 kg·hm^-2鸡粪和0% NPK+12000 kg·hm^-2鸡粪），测定了土壤理化性质和作物产量。结果表明：与常规垄作无秸秆还田相比，二比空秸秆归行免耕实施3年后增加了土壤保墒、固碳、增肥等生态效益指数，差异不显著（P>0.05），但二比空秸秆归行免耕技术显著增加了玉米产量和经济效益，增加比例平均为12.7%和20.0%（P<0.05），大二比空和小二比空秸秆归行免耕技术较常规垄作的经济效益分别增加3277.9和4276.4元·hm^-2·a^-1；与常规量NPK施用相比，不同量NPK减施配合鸡粪施用3年后显著增加了土壤生态效益（P<0.05），其中50% NPK配施6000 kg·hm^-2鸡粪和25% NPK配施9000 kg·hm^-2鸡粪施用的效果最好，土壤固碳潜力、增肥潜力、综合生态效益和玉米产量增加比例平均分别为9.2%、8.2%、6.2%和15.2%，两种鸡粪替代技术较常规量NPK施用的经济效益分别增加3759.7和3406.3元·hm^-2·a^-1。综上，常规量施肥配合秸秆原位循环保护性耕作和种养一体化化肥减施配合鸡粪循环利用的技术模式均可提高土壤保墒、固碳和增肥等生态效益，进而增加作物产量和经济效益，是可在昌图县域内进行示范推广的保育措施。

关键词: 退化棕壤, 保护性耕作, 有机肥, 生态效益, 经济效益

Abstract: We investigated the effects of different conservation tillage technologies on the ecological benefits, crop yield and net economic benefit of degraded brown soil, based on the conservation tillage experimental research platform of Lao Cheng Town, Changtu County, Liaoning Province. The treatments included conservation tillage technology with in-situ straw recycling \[conventional ridge tillage without straw return (57 cm uniform ridges), wide double row with one space (57-114 cm) and narrow double row with one space (45-105 cm) no-tillage with straw strip mulching\] and integrated planting-breeding with chicken manure recycling technology \[fertilizer reduction combined with chicken manure under wide double row with one space and no-tillage with straw strip mulching conditions: conventional NPK (control), 75% NPK+3000 kg·hm^-2 chicken manure, 50% NPK+6000 kg·hm^-2 chicken manure, 25% NPK+9000 kg·hm^-2 chicken manure, and 0% NPK+12000 kg·hm^-2 chicken manure\]. Soil physicochemical properties and crop yields were measured. The results showed that, compared to conventional ridge tillage without straw return, double row with one space and no-tillage technologies with straw strip mulching for three years increased soil moisture retention, carbon sequestration and soil fertility (no statistical significance, P>0.05). These technologies significantly increased corn yield and economic benefit by 12.7% and 20.0% (P<0.05), with economic benefit being increased by 3277.9 and 4276.4 yuan·hm^-2·a^-1 for wide and narrow double row with one space no-tillage with straw strip mulching, respectively. Compared with the conventional application amount of NPK, different amounts of NPK reduction combined with chicken manure for three years significantly increased soil ecological benefits (P<0.05). Among the combinations, 50% NPK combined with 6000 kg·hm^-2 chicken manure and 25% NPK combined with 9000 kg·hm^-2 chicken manure had the best effects, with soil carbon sequestration potential, fertility increase potential, comprehensive ecological benefits, and corn yield being enhanced by 9.2%, 8.2%, 6.2%, and 15.2%, respectively. The economic benefits of these two chicken manure substitutions were enhanced by 3759.7 and 3406.3 yuan·hm^-2·a^-1 compared to conventional NPK application amount. In conclusion, conventional NPK fertilization combined with straw in-situ cycling conservation tillage technology and integrated NPK reduction with chicken manure recycling can increase crop yield and net economic benefit by improving soil ecological benefits, indicating that these conservation measures can be demonstrated and promoted in Changtu County.

Key words: degraded brown soil, conversation tillage, organic manure, ecological benefit, economic benefit

杨淼茵, 张威, 胡艳宇, 陈欣, 何红波, 张旭东, 解宏图, 张玉兰, 马强, 周锋, 袁磊, 鲁彩艳. 昌图县退化棕壤不同保护性耕作技术模式示范效果[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(6): 1818-1827.

YANG Miaoyin, ZHANG Wei, HU Yanyu, CHEN Xin, HE Hongbo, ZHANG Xudong, XIE Hongtu, ZHANG Yulan, MA Qiang, ZHOU Feng, YUAN Lei, LU Caiyan. The effectiveness of different conservation tillage technologies in degraded brown soil of Changtu County, Liaoning Province.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(6): 1818-1827.

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昌图县退化棕壤不同保护性耕作技术模式示范效果

The effectiveness of different conservation tillage technologies in degraded brown soil of Changtu County, Liaoning Province.

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