光叶苕子覆盖和施肥管理对柑橘园土壤健康的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202606.018

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1800-1809.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202606.018

光叶苕子覆盖和施肥管理对柑橘园土壤健康的影响

杨鑫^1,2,曾立雄^1,2,雷蕾^1,2,张佳佳^1,2,杨洪炳^1,2,肖文发^1,2*

（¹中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所/国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室，北京 100091； ²湖北秭归三峡库区森林生态系统定位观测研究站，湖北秭归 443600）

出版日期:2026-06-10 发布日期:2026-12-01

Effects of smooth vetch cover and fertilization management on soil health in citrus orchards.

YANG Xin^1,2, ZENG Lixiong^1,2, LEI Lei^1,2, ZHANG Jiajia^1,2, YANG Hongbing^1,2, XIAO Wenfa^1,2*

(¹Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; ²Hubei Zigui Three Gorges Reservoir Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Zigui 443600, Hubei, China).

Online:2026-06-10 Published:2026-12-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 评估光叶苕子覆盖和施肥管理对柑橘园土壤健康的影响，对柑橘园长期效益的提升至关重要。本研究以三峡库区柑橘园为对象，设置无覆盖+施肥（NC）、光叶苕子覆盖+施肥（VC）以及光叶苕子覆盖+不施肥（NF）3种处理，分层采集0～10、10～30、30～50 cm深度土壤样品，分析土壤理化性质和微生物指标，构建全指标集并计算土壤健康指数，评估不同处理对土壤健康的影响。结果表明：相比于NC处理，VC处理显著提高了3个土层的土壤温度（增幅为2.94%、3.10%、3.67%）、阳离子交换量（增幅为12.06%、13.06%、35.83%），以及0～10、10～30 cm土壤的含水率（增幅为34.84%、7.33%）、革兰氏阴性菌含量（增幅为38.41%、5.95%）、革兰氏阴性菌∶革兰氏阳性菌比值（增幅为43.20%、8.36%）（P<0.05）；相比于NF处理，VC处理显著降低了3个土层的土壤容重（降幅为9.0%、6.9%、2.0%）、土壤温度（降幅为4.56%、2.74%、2.38%）、真菌∶细菌比（降幅为12.46%、3.63%、12.23%），提高了3个土层的阳离子交换量（增幅为21.17%、2.50%、35.26%）及0～10、10～30 cm土层中的革兰氏阴性菌含量（增幅为65.50%、12.13%）及革兰氏阴性-菌∶革-兰氏阳性菌比值（增幅为67.14%、2.26%）（P<0.05）。此外，VC处理3个土层的土壤健康指数（0.605、0.497、0.473）显著高于NC处理（0.546、0.481、0.401），其生物健康指数（0.690、0.507、0.434）显著高于NC（0.562、0.495、0.379）和NF（0.474、0.477、0.373）处理（P<0.05）。综上，光叶苕子覆盖和施肥的叠加措施对改善土壤健康产生积极影响。

关键词: 绿肥覆盖, 果园, 土壤健康

Abstract: Evaluating the effects of smooth vetch cover and fertilization management on soil health is essential for improving the long-term benefits of citrus orchards. We conducted an experiment within a citrus orchard in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. There were three treatments, no cover with fertilization (NC), smooth vetch cover with fertilization (VC), and smooth vetch cover without fertilization (NF). We analyzed soil physicochemical properties and microbial indicators in three depths (0-10, 10-30, and 30-50 cm). The effects of different treatments on soil health were evaluated with a comprehensive indicator set. The results showed that, compared to the NC treatment, the VC treatment significantly increased soil temperature (by 2.94%, 3.10%, 3.67%), and cation exchange capacity (by 12.06%, 13.06%, 35.83%) across all three soil layers, as well as soil moisture (by 34.84%, 7.33%), Gram-negative bacterial abundance (by 38.41%, 5.95%), and the Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria ratio (by 43.20%, 8.36%) in the 0-10 and 10-30 cm soil layers (P<0.05). Compared to the NF treatment, the VC treatment significantly reduced soil bulk density (by 9.0%, 6.9%, 2.0%), soil temperature (by 4.56%, 2.74%, 2.38%), and fungal∶bacterial ratio (by 12.46%, 3.63%, 12.23%) across all three soil layers, while significantly increased cation exchange capacity (by 21.17%, 2.50%, 35.26%), Gram-negative bacterial abundance (by 65.50%, 12.13%), and the Gram-negative∶Gram-positive ratio (by 67.14%, 2.26%) in the 0-10 and 10-30 cm layers (P<0.05). In addition, the soil health index of the VC treatment in the three soil layers (0.605, 0.497, and 0.473) was significantly higher than that of the NC treatment (0.546, 0.481, and 0.401). Its biological health index (0.690, 0.507, and 0.434) was also significantly higher than those of the NC (0.562, 0.495, and 0.379) and NF (0.474, 0.477, and 0.373) treatments. In conclusion, smooth vetch cover combined with fertilization could enhance soil health.

Key words: green manure cover, orchard, soil health

杨鑫, 曾立雄, 雷蕾, 张佳佳, 杨洪炳, 肖文发. 光叶苕子覆盖和施肥管理对柑橘园土壤健康的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(6): 1800-1809.

YANG Xin, ZENG Lixiong, LEI Lei, ZHANG Jiajia, YANG Hongbing, XIAO Wenfa. Effects of smooth vetch cover and fertilization management on soil health in citrus orchards.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(6): 1800-1809.

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光叶苕子覆盖和施肥管理对柑橘园土壤健康的影响

Effects of smooth vetch cover and fertilization management on soil health in citrus orchards.

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