种植模式和坡度对西北旱塬区水土流失和玉米产量的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202606.001

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1838-1849.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202606.001

种植模式和坡度对西北旱塬区水土流失和玉米产量的影响

周旭姣^1,2,赵刚^1,2*,张建军^1,2,王淑英^1,2,党翼^1,2,王磊^1,2,周刚^1,2,李尚中^1,2，樊廷录^1,2，胡靖宇^1,2，米文博^1,2

（¹甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所/甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室，兰州 730070； ² 农业农村部西北旱地作物绿色低碳重点实验室/部省共建农业农村部旱地作物抗逆增产及雨水高效利用重点实验室，兰州 730070）

出版日期:2026-06-10 发布日期:2026-12-01

Effects of planting pattern and slope on soil erosion and maize yield in dryland of the Loess Plateau.

ZHOU Xujiao^1,2, ZHAO Gang^1,2*, ZHANG Jianjun^1,2, WANG Shuying^1,2, DANG Yi^1,2, WANG Lei^1,2, ZHOU Gang^1,2, LI Shangzhong^1,2, FAN Tinglu^1,2, HU Jingyu^1,2, MI Wenbo^1,2

(¹Institute of Dryland, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water in Dry Farming of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China; ²Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The Joint Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Gansu Province for Crop Drought Resistance, Yield Increment and Rainwater Efficient Utilization on Rain-fed Area, Lanzhou 730070, China).

Online:2026-06-10 Published:2026-12-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为缓解中国黄土旱塬区水资源短缺限制和水土流失危害，本研究采用裂区设计，以种植模式（包括平地半覆膜种植和全膜双垄沟播种植）为主区，坡度（包括5°、10°、15°、20°和25°）为副区，研究种植模式对坡耕地径流特征、泥沙流失量、土壤养分流失量和玉米产量的影响。结果表明：随坡度增加，平地半覆膜种植系统的径流量、径流系数和泥沙流失量呈先增加后减小趋势，全膜双垄沟播种植系统的径流量、径流系数和泥沙流失量呈增加趋势，全膜双垄沟播种植和平地半覆膜种植的玉米产量均呈先增加后减小趋势；与平地半覆膜种植系统相比，全膜双垄沟播种植显著降低土壤有机质（51.9%）、全氮（59.8%）、全磷（42.6%）和全钾流失量（27.5%），而显著提高坡耕地径流量（8.6%～127.6%）、径流系数（8.6%～127.6%）、临界产流降雨量（5.8%）和泥沙流失量（23.5%）；全膜双垄沟播种植系统通过增加径流、泥沙流失量和减少径流泥沙溶液中养分浓度提高玉米产量（20.9%～42.1%），具有较好水土保持和增产效益，适宜应用于坡度范围为11°～13°。本研究结果揭示了全膜双垄沟播种植对坡耕地水土流失过程的影响机制，为中国黄土旱塬区土壤侵蚀治理和水资源高效利用提供科学依据。

关键词: 径流, 泥沙, 养分流失, 临界产流降雨量, 坡地

Abstract: This study aimed to address the challenges associated with water resources scarcity and soil erosion hazards. We conducted a field experiment following split-plot design, with planting pattern (flat planting with half film mulching and double ridge-furrow planting with full film mulching) as main plots and slope gradient (5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°) as split-plots. The impacts of different planting patterns on runoff characteristics, sediment loss, soil nutrient loss, and corn yield of sloping farmland were examined. Results showed that runoff volume, runoff coefficient, and sediment loss in the treatment of flat planting with half film mulching first increased and then decreased as slope gradient increased. Runoff volume, runoff coefficient, and sediment loss in the treatment of double ridge-furrow planting with full film mulching increased as slope gradient increased. The maize yield in both planting patterns first increased and then decreased as slope gradient increased. Compared to flat planting with half film mulching, double ridge-furrow planting with full film mulching significantly reduced organic matter loss (51.9%), total nitrogen loss (59.8%), total phosphorus loss (42.6%) and total potassium loss (27.5%), while significantly increased runoff volume (8.6%-127.6%), runoff coefficient (8.6%-127.6%), rainfall thresholds for runoff generation (5.8%), and sediment loss (23.5%). Double ridge-furrow planting with full film mulching increased runoff and sediment loss and reduced nutrient loss in runoff and sediment, and thereby increased maize yield (20.9%-42.1%). This planting pattern has good water and soil conservation and yield-increasing benefits, and is suitable for application in slope ranges of 11° to 13°. The results revealed the influence mechanism of double ridge-furrow planting with full film mulching on the soil erosion process in slope farmland and provided a scientific basis for soil erosion control and efficient water resources utilization in dryland farming of the Loess Plateau.

Key words: runoff, sediment, nutrition loss, rainfall threshold for runoff generation, slope cropland

周旭姣, 赵刚, 张建军, 王淑英, 党翼, 王磊, 周刚, 李尚中, 樊廷录, 胡靖宇, 米文博. 种植模式和坡度对西北旱塬区水土流失和玉米产量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(6): 1838-1849.

ZHOU Xujiao, ZHAO Gang, ZHANG Jianjun, WANG Shuying, DANG Yi, WANG Lei, ZHOU Gang, LI Shangzhong, FAN Tinglu, HU Jingyu, MI Wenbo. Effects of planting pattern and slope on soil erosion and maize yield in dryland of the Loess Plateau.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(6): 1838-1849.

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种植模式和坡度对西北旱塬区水土流失和玉米产量的影响

Effects of planting pattern and slope on soil erosion and maize yield in dryland of the Loess Plateau.

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