表面活性剂强化放线菌（Streptomyces sp.和Rhodococcus sp.）降解原油污染土壤中胶质和沥青质

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202604.031

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 1398-1408.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202604.031

• 技术与方法 • 上一篇

表面活性剂强化放线菌（Streptomyces sp.和Rhodococcus sp.）降解原油污染土壤中胶质和沥青质

牛之欣^1,2,丛婧¹,郭朋雨¹,王芝云¹,郑冬梅^1,2*

（¹沈阳大学区域污染环境生态修复教育部重点实验室，沈阳 110044； ²沈阳大学环境学院，沈阳 110044）

出版日期:2026-04-10 发布日期:2026-04-14

Surfactant-enhanced degradation of resin and asphaltene in crude oil-contaminated soils by actinomycetes (Streptomyces sp. and Rhodococcus sp.).

NIU Zhixin^1,2, CONG Jing¹, GUO Pengyu¹, WANG Zhiyun¹, ZHENG Dongmei^1,2*

(¹Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Ecological Remediation of Regional Polluted Environments, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China; ²College of Environment, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China).

Online:2026-04-10 Published:2026-04-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用环境友好、成本低廉的微生物降解方法去除原油污染土壤中残留的胶质和沥青质是彻底修复原油污染土壤的关键。本研究探讨了0（空白处理）、5、10、20 mg·kg^-1浓度的表面活性剂吐温80（TW）、曲拉通X-100（TX）、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）对放线菌（Streptomyces sp.和Rhodococcus sp.）降解原油污染土壤中胶质和沥青质的效果。通过土壤堆腐降解模拟实验，评估了单一和复合表面活性剂处理对放线菌生物量、总石油烃、胶质、沥青质、芳香烃和饱和烃含量的影响。结果显示，表面活性剂的添加显著提高了放线菌的生物量和石油烃的降解效率。相对于空白处理，不同培养时间SDBS处理中两种放线菌的生物量均较高，TX处理的微生物生物量少于SDBS处理，而TW处理中的生物量较低。此外，SDBS处理中总石油烃含量明显低于其他处理，其中SDBS（20 mg·kg^-1）处理中总石油烃含量在培养42 d时由初始的39 g·kg^-1降至16.5 g·kg^-1，远低于空白处理的35.5 g·kg^-1。复合处理中，TX×SDBS中的总石油烃含量最低，其中Rhodococcus sp.实验组中总石油烃含量在培养42 d时由39 g·kg^-1降至16.2 g·kg^-1（P<0.05）。研究表明，单独使用20 mg·kg^-1 SDBS或TX(20 mg·kg^-1)×SDBS(20 mg·kg^-1)组合表面活性剂能够显著提高放线菌的活性，促进原油污染土壤中胶质和沥青质的生物可利用性与降解效率。

关键词: 放线菌, 强化, 原油污染土壤, 生物降解, 胶质, 沥青质

Abstract: Utilizing environmentally friendly and cost-effective microbial degradation to remove residual resin and asphaltene is crucial for the complete remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. We investigated the effects of surfactants Tween 80 (TW), Triton X-100 (TX), and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) at concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 10, and 20 mg·kg^-1 on the degradation of resin and asphaltene in crude oil-contaminated soil by actinomycetes (Streptomyces sp. and Rhodococcus sp.). Based on an experiment with simulated soil composting degradation, we evaluated the impacts of individual and composite surfactant treatments on actinomycete biomass, the contents of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), resin, asphaltene, aromatic hydrocarbon, and saturated hydrocarbon. The results showed that surfactant addition significantly enhanced actinomycete biomass and petroleum hydrocarbon degradation efficiency. Compared to that in the control, the biomass of both actinomycete strains were consistently higher in the SDBS treatments across different incubation periods. Biomass in the TX treatments was lower than in the SDBS treatments, while biomass in the TW treatments was the lowest. TPH contents in the SDBS treatments were significantly lower than those in the other treatments. Notably, in the SDBS (20 mg·kg^-1) treatment, TPH decreased from an initial 39 to 16.5 g·kg^-1 after 42 days of incubation, substantially lower than the 35.5 g·kg^-1 in the control. Among the composite treatments, the TX×SDBS combination yielded the lowest TPH contents. Specifically, in the Rhodococcus sp. experimental group under TX×SDBS treatments, TPH decreased from 39 to 16.2 g·kg^-1 after 42 days of incubation (P<0.05). Our results indicate that the application of 20 mg·kg^-1 SDBS alone or the composite surfactant combination TX (20 mg·kg^-1) × SDBS (20 mg·kg^-1) can significantly enhance actinomycete activity and promote the bioavailability and degradation efficiency of resin and asphaltene in crude oil-contaminated soil.

Key words: actinomycete, intensification, crude oil-contaminated soil, biodegradation, resin, asphaltene

牛之欣, 丛婧, 郭朋雨, 王芝云, 郑冬梅. 表面活性剂强化放线菌（Streptomyces sp.和Rhodococcus sp.）降解原油污染土壤中胶质和沥青质[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(4): 1398-1408.

NIU Zhixin, CONG Jing, GUO Pengyu, WANG Zhiyun, ZHENG Dongmei. Surfactant-enhanced degradation of resin and asphaltene in crude oil-contaminated soils by actinomycetes (Streptomyces sp. and Rhodococcus sp.).[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(4): 1398-1408.

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表面活性剂强化放线菌（Streptomyces sp.和Rhodococcus sp.）降解原油污染土壤中胶质和沥青质

Surfactant-enhanced degradation of resin and asphaltene in crude oil-contaminated soils by actinomycetes (Streptomyces sp. and Rhodococcus sp.).

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