长期种植毛叶苕子降低江西东乡耕层红壤固氮菌功能基因丰度

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202604.030

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 1273-1279.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202604.030

长期种植毛叶苕子降低江西东乡耕层红壤固氮菌功能基因丰度

席笑薇¹,孙鲁沅^1,2,朱君康^1,2,成于恒^1,2,刘佳³,林永新^1,2*

（¹福建师范大学地理科学学院，福州 350117； ²福建师范大学福建省亚热带资源与环境重点实验室，福州 350117； ³江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所，南昌 330200）

出版日期:2026-04-10 发布日期:2026-04-13

Long-term planting hairy vetch reduces the abundance of diazotrophic functional genes in the tillage layer of red soils in Dongxiang, Jiangxi Province.

XI Xiaowei¹, SUN Luyuan^1,2, ZHU Junkang^1,2, CHENG Yuheng^1,2, LIU Jia³, LIN Yongxin^1,2*

(¹School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; ²Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; ³Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China).

Online:2026-04-10 Published:2026-04-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究长期种植豆科绿肥毛叶苕子对红壤固氮菌功能基因丰度的影响，本研究利用实时荧光定量PCR测定nifH和16S rRNA基因丰度。田间试验设置了花生、花生+毛叶苕子、甘薯和甘薯+毛叶苕子4个处理，采集各处理0～15和15～30 cm土层样品。结果表明，长期种植毛叶苕子显著降低表层红壤速效钾含量，降低花生表层土壤pH值。此外，种植毛叶苕子还显著提高了甘薯表层土壤有机碳、可溶性有机碳和总氮含量，对花生土壤影响则较小。三因素方差分析表明，种植毛叶苕子和土层深度对固氮微生物nifH基因丰度存在显著影响。各处理表层红壤的nifH基因丰度显著高于深层红壤的nifH基因丰度。种植毛叶苕子显著降低表层土壤nifH基因丰度，对深层土壤nifH基因丰度无显著影响。这可能是由于种植毛叶苕子降低了土壤pH值和速效钾含量，不利于固氮微生物生长。种植毛叶苕子对表层和深层土壤16S rRNA基因丰度均无显著影响，表明固氮菌比总细菌对种植毛叶苕子更加敏感。相关性分析表明，表层土壤中nifH基因丰度与土壤速效钾含量呈显著正相关，速效钾含量的降低可能是种植毛叶苕子处理表层土壤nifH基因丰度下降的重要因素。综上，种植毛叶苕子可以促进甘薯土壤固碳，但降低花生和甘薯表层土壤表层速效钾含量和nifH基因丰度，应在种植中予以重视。

关键词: 毛叶苕子, 固氮微生物, nifH基因, 红壤

Abstract: We investigated the effects of long-term planting of the leguminous green manure-hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth L.) on the abundance of functional genes of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in red soils. We employed realtime quantitative PCR to determine the abundances of nifH and 16S rRNA genes. There were four treatments in the field experiment, including peanut, peanut + hairy vetch, sweet potato, and sweet potato + hairy vetch. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-30 cm layers from each treatment. The results showed that long-term planting of hairy vetch significantly reduced the available potassium content in the surface soils and lowered pH of surface soil under peanut. Planting hairy vetch significantly increased soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in sweet potato surface soils, but had little effect on peanut soils. Planting hairy vetch and soil layer had significant effect on the abundance of nifH gene. The abundance of nifH gene abundance in the surface soils was significantly higher than that in the deep soils across all treatments. Planting hairy vetch significantly reduced the nifH gene abundance in the surface soils but did not affect that in the deep soils. This might be due to the reduction in soil pH and available potassium content, which inhibited the growth of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Planting hairy vetch did not affect 16S rRNA gene abundance in either surface or deep soil, indicating that nitrogen-fixing bacteria were more sensitive to planting hairy vetch than whole bacteria. There was a significant positive relationship between nifH gene abundance and available potassium content in surface soils, suggesting that the decrease in available potassium content is a key factor contributing to the reduction in nifH gene abundance in surface soil under hairy vetch treatments. In conclusion, planting hairy vetch can promote soil carbon sequestration in sweet potato, but reduce available potassium content and nifH gene abundance in the surface soils of peanut and sweet potato, which warrants attention in agricultural practices.

Key words: hairy vetch, nitrogen-fixing microorganism, nifH gene, red soil

席笑薇, 孙鲁沅, 朱君康, 成于恒, 刘佳, 林永新. 长期种植毛叶苕子降低江西东乡耕层红壤固氮菌功能基因丰度[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(4): 1273-1279.

XI Xiaowei, SUN Luyuan, ZHU Junkang, CHENG Yuheng, LIU Jia, LIN Yongxin. Long-term planting hairy vetch reduces the abundance of diazotrophic functional genes in the tillage layer of red soils in Dongxiang, Jiangxi Province.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(4): 1273-1279.

长期种植毛叶苕子降低江西东乡耕层红壤固氮菌功能基因丰度

Long-term planting hairy vetch reduces the abundance of diazotrophic functional genes in the tillage layer of red soils in Dongxiang, Jiangxi Province.

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