吉林西部小微湿地景观格局变化及其驱动机制

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202602.027

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 434-447.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202602.027

• 湿地生态与可持续利用专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

吉林西部小微湿地景观格局变化及其驱动机制

黄义强¹,张新艳²,于寒³,申敏琰^1,2,李室余¹,李蕊¹,张锦¹,张旭东¹,严硕¹,张文广^1*

（¹中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所，长春 130102； ²长春理工大学，长春 130022； ³吉林农业大学，长春 130118）

出版日期:2026-02-10 发布日期:2026-08-01

Landscape pattern changes and driving mechanisms of small wetlands in western Jilin.

HUANG Yiqiang¹, ZHANG Xinyan², YU Han³, SHEN Minyan^1,2, LI Shiyu¹, LI Rui¹, ZHANG Jin¹, ZHANG Xudong¹, YAN Shuo¹, ZHANG Wenguang^1*

(¹Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; ²Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; ³Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China).

Online:2026-02-10 Published:2026-08-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 小微湿地具有维持生物多样性、调节水文、净化水质等生态服务功能，但易受到气候条件及人为干扰因素影响。明确小微湿地时空演变特征及驱动机制，可为小微湿地生态修复与保护提供数据基础和理论依据。本研究采用动态度模型、空间质心模型和地理探测器等方法，结合1994—2020年的遥感数据及环境因素，对吉林西部小微湿地的景观格局变化及其驱动因素进行探讨。研究发现：（1）吉林西部小微湿地景观格局呈现时空异质性，其地理重心明显由西向东迁移。退化最严重的地区依次为大安市、洮南市、镇赉县和洮北区，特别是在1994—2009年，小微湿地面积减少6839.93 hm²。（2）小微湿地面积整体缩减了44.98%，斑块数量减少了45.57%，且小微湿地减少主要表现为小微湿地与大面积湿地相连合并，以及向盐碱地和耕地的转变。（3）经济增长、人口动态和土地利用变化是小微湿地变化的主要驱动因素。各因素中，人类活动因素的累积贡献率超过80%。相比之下，自然因素如植被指数（NDVI）、降水量、气温和潜在蒸散发（PET）的贡献率较小。本研究为理解小微湿地的演变机制提供了重要的科学依据，对于指导吉林西部及类似地区的小微湿地保护和可持续管理具有重要的实践意义。

关键词: 小微湿地, 驱动因素, 地理探测器, 景观格局, 吉林西部

Abstract: Small wetlands provide many ecological services, such as maintaining biodiversity, regulating hydrology and purifying water quality. However, they are highly sensitive to climate change and human activities. Clarifying the spatiotemporal variations and driving mechanisms of small wetlands can provide data support and theoretical basis for the ecological restoration and protection of small wetlands. Based on remote sensing data and environmental factors from 1994 to 2020, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of landscape pattern changes and driving mechanisms of small wetlands in western Jilin, using dynamic degree models, spatial centroid models, and geographic detectors. The results showed that: (1) The landscape pattern of small wetlands in western Jilin exhibited spatiotemporal heterogeneity, with the geographical center of gravity significantly shifting from west to east. The most severely degraded regions were in an order of Daan City, Taonan City, Zhenlai County, and Taobei District. Between 1994 and 2009, the area of small wetlands decreased by 6839.93 hm². (2) The overall area of small wetlands decreased by 44.98%, with the number of patches reduced by 45.57%. Such reduction was mainly manifested in the connection and merger of small wetlands with large wetlands and their transformation into saline-alkali land and cultivated land. (3) Economic growth, population dynamics, and land use changes were the main driving factors for the transformation of small wetlands, with the cumulative contribution of human activities exceeding 80%. In contrast, natural factors such as vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration (PET) had limited impact. This study provides important scientific evidence for understanding the evolution mechanism of small wetlands and practical implications for the protection and sustainable management of small wetlands in western Jilin and similar regions.

Key words: small wetland, driving factor, geographic detector, landscape pattern, western Jilin

黄义强, 张新艳, 于寒, 申敏琰, 李室余, 李蕊, 张锦, 张旭东, 严硕, 张文广. 吉林西部小微湿地景观格局变化及其驱动机制[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(2): 434-447.

HUANG Yiqiang, ZHANG Xinyan, YU Han, SHEN Minyan, LI Shiyu, LI Rui, ZHANG Jin, ZHANG Xudong, YAN Shuo, ZHANG Wenguang. Landscape pattern changes and driving mechanisms of small wetlands in western Jilin.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(2): 434-447.

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吉林西部小微湿地景观格局变化及其驱动机制

Landscape pattern changes and driving mechanisms of small wetlands in western Jilin.

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