Table of Content

10 April 2001, Volume 20 Issue 02

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Principle Analysis on Characteristics of the Spatial Variation of Average Air Temperature in Tropical Secondary Forest Canopy Gap

Zhang Yiping, Wang Jinxin, Liu Yuhong, Ma Youxin

2001, (2):  1-4. 

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Temperature measurements at the secondary forest canopy gap were conducted in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan in fog-cool season and dry-hot season. On the basis of this measurements, the air temperature characteristics and their spatial variations in different seasons in the secondary forest canopy gap were discussed. The findings showed that there was a significant thermal effect at the gap.The effect of sunshine on the air temperature in the gap was quite different, the extreme value was on the eastern edge of gap, which may be a reason to form the gap microclimate. The results supplied a basis on further study canopy gap microclimate and the relevant ecological phenomena.

Relationship between Populations Diversity and its Mcro Environments in Farmland EcosystemEvaluation for Diversity of Several Farmlands Ecosystems

Lu Bingyou, Wang Rusong, Zhang Renwu

2001, (2):  5-7,4. 

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Study on relationship between populations diversity and its environments,such as light,water,soil,insects and weed in several farmlands ecosystems shows that there is a close connection between populations diversity and their environmental components.Suitable increase of biomass compositions will be more favorable for a better farmland environment,and will inturn improve the development of organisms and the productivity of the system,even if little operation space is existing in one ecosystem.It can also be concluded that the increase of population diversity for a farmland ecosystem is very possible only if the environment permitts.The modification of current farmland ecosystem still has much potentiality.

Effect of Soil Water Stress on CO₂/H₂O Exchange Parameters in Wheat Leaves

Zhang Yongqiang, Liu Changming, Yang Yonghui, Shen Yanjun

2001, (2):  8-11. 

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Changes of CO₂/H₂O exchange parameters were continually measured in winter wheat under different water stress stages.The results showed that photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate of winter wheat in water stress conditions were obviously lower than that in non stress conditions.After water stress,both of them slowly increased and even overtook that on sufficient irrigation treatment. Responses of winter wheat to water stress in different growth stages were different.To some extent, water stress can improve crop water use efficiency,speed up the process of milking.Under water stress condition,stomatal conductance limited diurnal changes of photosynthesis and transpiration in the morning but not in the afternoon.Transpiration is more sensitive to water stress than photosynthesis.

Reproduction of the Wild Nipponia Nippon in Yang County

Wang Zhongyu, Zhai Tianqing

2001, (2):  12-15. 

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A total of 236 eggs were laid by the population of the wild crested ibis ( Nipponia nippon ) in 72 nests in Yang County,Shaanxi Province,China,from 1981 to 1997,with an average of 3.3 eggs per nest.Among the eggs,169 nestlings were hatched,accounting for 71.6% of the total;and 129 young birds grew up and flew from their nests,accounting for 76.3% of all the nestlings.Since 1981,133 birds have been brought up in the county.The birds have established 27 breeding sites in the county,with the number of breeding couples increasing from 2 pairs in 1981 to 10 pairs in 1997.The birds mature at 2 years old,either male or the famele is 2 years old,The maximum age difference between the 2 sides of a couple is 2 years.

Effect of Different Crop Rotation Systems on the Aggregates and Their SOC Accumulation in Paludalfs in North Huai Region,China

Zhang Xuhui, Li Lianqing, Pan Genxing

2001, (2):  16-19. 

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Paludalfs under different crop rotation systems in North Huai region,China were sampled and soil aggregates were separated by ultra sonic dispersion followed by sedimentation and centrifuging.The particle size distribution,SOC (Soil organic matter) contents and the natural abundance of¹³C in these aggregates were studied.Significant difference in size of the aggregates and organic carbon storage in the studied soils were found after 5 years of the crop rotation on the soil.SOC was mainly found in 0.02～0.25mm fraction of aggregates in the soils.The aggregates in layers deeper than 35cm became coarse and richer in SOC under corn peanut sweet potato rotation.Young carbon derived from corn tended to be accumulated in the coarse fractions as revealed by heavier stable carbon composition in those aggregates from deep layer under the rotation system containing corn crop.Compared to the soil under think pine forest,All soils under crop rotation system showed rapid increase of SOC at rates ranging from 0.14C g·kg·a^-1 to 0 22C g·kg·a^-1 ,with the highest under corn peanut sweet potato system.Thus,the significance was indicated for increasing SOC storage by crop rotation in paludalfs and for reinforcing terrestrial carbon retention of atmospheric CO₂.

Ecological Sensitivity of Aquatic Plants

Li Hongwen, Liang Na, Paul K.Chien

2001, (2):  20-22,26. 

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Throughy the study on the ecological effects of Cd and Zn on several aquatic plants,the ecological sensitivity of 5 species is determined.The results show that according to critical time when plants are injured by Cd and Zn,the order for ecological sensitivity of 5 species is:Nymphoides peltatum>Hydrilla verticillata>;Potamogeton malaianus>Spirodela polyrhiza>Alternanthera philoxeroides The results also show that on basis of catalase activity of aquatic plants,the order for ecological sensitivity of 5 species is: Alternanthera philoxeroides>Spirodela polyrhiza≈Potamogeton malaianus>;Hydrilla verticillata>Nymphoides peltatum. It is evident that the pollution durablty Potamogeton malaianus is higher than for Nymphoides peltatum and Hydrilla verticillata ,pollution sensible species.

Microbiology Degradation Control of PAHs in Bio-Slurry Reactor

Xu Huaxia, Song Yufang, Jing Xin, Ren Liping

2001, (2):  23-26. 

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With phenanthrene and pyreneas as test pollutants,four control factors(inoculation amount,water soil ratio, air flux and temperature) were selected to study the microbiology degradation control of PAHs in bio slurry reactor.Results indicated that at the test concetration the optimum parameters for obtaining the maximum degradation rates for phenanthrene and pyrenene are 5%～10% in incubation amount,2∶1 for water/soil ratio,0.06～0.1m³·h^-1 for air,and 30℃ in temperature,degradation rate was the highest in this condition with the values 98.9% and 84.2% phenanthrene and pyrnene respectively on the 15th day.These parameters provide useful basis for large scale engineering to treat soil PAHs by means of bio slurry reactor.

Time Budget and Behaviour Pattern of Cervus Albirostris in Captivity

He Lijun, Ding Youzhong, Wang Xiaoming, Xia Shuzhong

2001, (2):  27-29. 

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From March to April,1998,the authors studied the time budget and behaviour patterns of Cervus albirostris in Shanghai Wild Animal Park.We analyzed the results from 23 days′observation for different sex and weather were analyzed.Cervus albirostris spent about 50% daytime in resting,and 40% daytime in feeding.Resting behaviour was presented from 8∶00 to 17∶00 .The female spent more resting time than the male(p<0.05)in fine days.The female spent less standing time than the male in rainy days(p<0.01). Cervus albirostris spent more standing time in fine days than in rainy days(p< 0.05 for the male,p<0.01 for the female).

Bacterial and Fungai Biomass and Activities in Straw Mulch No Tillage Soils

Gao Yunchao, Zhu Wen shan, Chen Wenxin

2001, (2):  30-36. 

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Longterm continuous straw mulch no tillage increased soil total and active microbial biomass and activities.Tillage methods influenced soil bacterial and fungal biomass and activities.Conventional tillage increased soil bacterial biomass,but the shapes and distributions of soil bacteria differed insignificantly for different tillage soils.No tillage increased soil total and active hyphal length and biomass.The bacterial and fungal contributions to respiration differed remarkably for tillage method experimental soils.Conventional tillage surface soil layer concentrated largely fungal component,while no tillage soil had much bacterial activities.It showed that soil microbial activity and is not consistent with biomass and its composition in different tillage method soils.

Ecological Benefit of Rice Fish Frog Stereoscopic Agriculture

Li Xuejun, Qiao Zhigang, Nie Guoxing

2001, (2):  37-40. 

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Through breeding grass carp juvenile and Rana grylio young in rice field,was done experiment about stereoscopic agriculture of rice fish frog.In the symbiotic ecosystem of rice fish frog,the relationship among all kinds of ecofactors is harmonious with reasonable substance cycle and energy flow.The resources in the system are fully utilized therefore the ecological benefit is very outstanding.

Study on Relationship Between Wheat Litter Decomposition and Soil Factors

Zhang Chongbang, Zhang Zhongheng

2001, (2):  41-43. 

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The annual variation of wheat litter decomposition fluctuate as mono curve,with biggest value in July.The seasonal variation of 6 enviroment factors are different from wheat litter decomposition in some degrees.The direct effect of microbial biomass,soil animal net number,soil water content and soil temperature on wheat litter decomposition is bigger than other factors.The indirect effect of microbial biomass→soil temperature,microbial biomass→soil water content,microbial biomass→soil animal net number,and soil temperature→animal net number,soil respiration rate→animal net number are more obvious than other ones.

Application of Sewage Sludge to the Abandoned Mining Land Reclamation

Mo Cehui, Cai Quanying, Wang Jianghai, Wu Qitang

2001, (2):  44-47,51. 

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Based on the analysis of the existing problems in reclaiming abandoned mining land and their negative effect on the ecological environment,and in view of the limited factors to reclaim abandoned mining land,this paper puts forward the suggestions of using sewage sludge as an alternative in mining land reclamation.Application of sewage sludge in reclamation has beneficial effects, such as increasing organic matter content, preventing soil erosion,recovering vegetation,and promoting microbial population and its activities Unfavorable factors including heavy metal and organic pollutant for applications of sewage sludge and their countermeasures are also discussed.

Spatial Temporal Distribution of Flood and Water-logging Disasters in Dongting Lake Area and Control Strategies

Xiang Wansheng, Li Weihong

2001, (2):  48-51. 

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In this paper,the genesis,evolutionary tendency and spatial temporal distribution of flood and water logging in Dongting Lake area were discussed.Based on analysis of historical data,the occurrence of flood and water logging disasters was divided into four different phases.In view of the causes of disaster formation,the author brought up the comprehensive countermeasures for flood and water logging control in Dongting Lake area.

Edge Effect and the Developing Direction of Ecosystem Balance

Guan Zhuojin, Pei Tiefan

2001, (2):  52-55. 

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Human activities produce inany ecosystems which form new edges with original ones.On the other hand, the edge effects also change the quality of ecosystems. The new edge effects will show positive or negative ecological effect on the original ecosystems, which is named as edge effect directivity.Therefoe that human activities can affect the change directions of ecosystem quality with edge effects. It is important to study to the edge effect and the change direction of ecosystem balance,so as to regulate and control the ecosystems wisely.

Cnemidophorus——A New Overview For Sex

Tang Yezhong, Wang Zuwang

2001, (2):  56-60. 

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Sexual evolution plays an important role in the adaptation to their environment for organisms. Sexual differentiation is the basis on which creatures exchange their genes. Furthermore, what is the extra value of sex to their struggle for life in animals? Comparison of all-female Cnemidophorus with normal ones shows some element of sex that might not be previously considered. The mechanisms responsible for sexual behaviors of those lizards are largely unique. This paper reviews the fundament basis controlling pseudocopulation of all female lizards, which concerns genetic, endocrine and expression of sex hormone receptor genes in the brain.

Geographic Information System and Individual-based Spatial Explicit Landscape Model

Chang Yu, Bu Rencang

2001, (2):  61-65. 

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In this paper,the development of Individual-based Spatial Explicit Landscape Model was outlined at first.Then several issues,pertaining to develop Individual-based Spatial Explicit Landscape Models,were discussed in details.And at last,the application perspectives of such models were illustrated,including animal movement,plant competition and landscape change.This study has relatively important significance guiding roles in developing Individual-based Spatial Explicit Landscape Model in our country and in landscape management.

Chemical Sensory Mechanisms of Insects

Lou Yonggen, Cheng Jiaan

2001, (2):  66-69. 

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Insects possess two kinds of chemical sensory organ,olfactory organ and gustatory organ,by which they can perceive chemical cues in the circumstance and subsequently make a series of corresponding behavioral responses.From perceiving chemical cues to making behavioral responses,it involves in information coding,proceeding and integration to chemical cues at various level in insect nerve system.New pest control methods will be developed with the elucidation of insect chemical sensory mechanisms.

Study on Manual Ova Hatching of Rana chinensis

Yu Lizhong, Kong Xiangwen, Zhou Yongbin, Yin You

2001, (2):  70-72. 

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This paper deals with the manual ova hatching of Rana chinensis . It is eviden that there are three different periods in the ova eclosion. The first period is at 75～80℃of effective water cumulative temperature. The peak period is at 100～120℃. The end is at 120～140℃. The most suitabale temperature of ova eclosion is 11～13℃. In this case, the eclosion speed is 1.6～2.2, and incubation period is 9～12 days,with the rate of eclosion over 80%. Manual hatching can increase the eclosion speed of ova. It is 10%～60% higher than CK, and also 25%～100% higher than the outdoor.

Modeling on Integrated Mnagement Rodent Pest with Predators

Cheng Dingping

2001, (2):  73-76. 

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Combined rodent control with predator,two models of integrated management and optimal control for rodent pest were proposed.The model of integrated management for rodent pest was based on the population dynamics of rodents and their predators.The model of optimal control was based on vector converge at equilibrium state with minimum the cost.

Feasibility of Population Ecological Management of Forest Foliage Insect Pest in China

Sun Zhiqiang, Wen Ruijun, Fu Jianmin

2001, (2):  77-80. 

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The feasibility of population ecological management of forest foliage insect pest was discussed through analysis on coevolution between insect and its host plant,the capacity of compensation and super-compensation of trees,the pest population management by natural enemy as well as the use of high technique in pest management,such as genetic engineering,etc.