Chinese Journal of Ecology

Maximum Threshold of the Rare Earth Concentration and Crop Growth

Xiong Jinlian, Zhang Zili

1997, (1): 1-7,30.

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Soil pot experiments and hydroponic culture conducted with La, Nd, and Ce on wheat, rapeseed, soybean, and rice were carried out. The result informed the maximum threshold of optimal and poisonous application amount and medium concentration of the elements, as well as the elements contained in crop leaves, stems, and roots. The experiments also showed that the threshold was closely related with crop growth.

An Approach of Transforming the Artificial Forest of Chinese Pine into the Mixed Broadleaf pine Forest in the Hilly Areas of Western Liaoning

Lei Qidi, Liu Mingjiu, Liu Jingyan

1997, (1): 8-13.

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The experimental results of transforming the artificial forest of Chinese pine to the mixed broadleaf pine forest in the hilly areas of western Liaoning province for seven years were reported in the paper. The results showed that by means of cutting down the pine trees line and replanting on each other the nitrodron fixing trees species the structure and components of pure artificial forest of Chinese pine with high density could be changed into the mixed broadleaf pine forest. The mixed forest was better for growth of the trees owing to change of ecological condition and for ecological fuction of containing water and fixing the soil.

A Preliminary Study of Cell Defense Enzymes at the Late Growing Stage of Hybrid Rice Exposed to Different Nitrogen Supplies

Lin Wenxiong, Cheng Yipeng

1997, (1): 14-18.

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The results from present research indicated that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in flag leaves of hybrid rice decreased as the plant aged, exposed to different nitrogen rates, while the MDA contents increased. Peroxidase (POD) showed its different trend. The POD activities slightly decreased first, then dramatically increased from heading to ripening stages. It was appeared there was significantly positive correlation between SOD and CAT and significantly negative correlation between the activities of the two enzymes and MDA concentrations. The dynamic property of POD activities was more complicate. The nitrogen rates had influences on the cell defense enzyme systems, but had different effects and attributions to the different enzymes. Finally, the relationships between defense enzyme systems and heterotic manifestation in rice were discussed.

Study of Diameter Breast High Structure of the Main Trees in Tilia Broadleaved Korean Pine Forest

Sun Weizhong, Dai Limin, Zhang Yiping

1997, (1): 19-22.

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The Diameter Breast-High( DBH) structure and their mathematics model of several main trees in Tilia broadleaved Korean pine forest were studied in this paper. The results showed that DBH of 30cm took an important place in the communities, Fraxinus mandshurica had the biggest DBH and Pinus koraiensis was the second. There are many DBHs between 25cm and 75cm. Acer mono has less DBH and younger age. The growth model of trees showed that the yield was positive correlation with DBH. DBH and the yield increased with the age being old. The results could provide theorical basis for forest cut and forest management.

Effect of Feeding Density of Braker's Yeast on the Population Growth of Three Frashwater Cladocare

Wang Jinqiu, Liu Chichang, Guo Donghui

1997, (1): 23-25.

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The studies were conducted to find out the optimum densities of Sccharomyces cerevisraeq as the food of three cladocare, Daphnia pulex, Simocephalus vetuloides and Moina rectirostris, at the temperature 28±0.5℃ and natural illumination in the lab. The results showed that the optimum food density was 2.5×10⁶ cell·ml^-1 for population growth of Moina rectirostris and Simocephalus vetuloide and 0.1×10⁶ cell·ml^-1 for population growth of Daphnia pulex respectively under five designing gradients.

Microbiological Characteristics and Enzymes Activity of the Forest Soil in Picea schrenkiana var tianshanican in Xinjiang

Luo Ming, Pang Junfeng, Li Xuyong, Liu Ping, Wan Lanying

1997, (1): 26-30.

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The study shows: 1.The amount of bacteria is the highest and counted for more than 95% of the total microbes in grey-cinnamon soil of Picea schrenkiana var. tianshanican forests. 2.The soil microbes are mainly concentrated in upper layer(A₀,A₁). Their amount decreases rapidly with increasing soil depth. 3.The amount of the microorganism of physiological group sequence ranging from high to low is:ammonifiers>genus bacillus>cellulose decomposing bacteria>nitrobacteria>azotobacteria. 4.The enzyme activity in the upper layer of the soil is more active than in the bottom layer. 5. The total number of soil microbes, the number of various microbial physiological groups, the ecological distribution of microfungi dominant genus and the soil enzymes activity vary with different forest types and soil types. The forest soil fertility has a correlation with the total number of soil microbes and the numbers of various microbial physiological groups and the soil enzymes activity. The level of the forest soil fertility in leached grey-cinnamon soil is higher than in ordinary grey cinnamon soil.

Primary Research of Desert Plant Reforming——The Statistics Analysis of Pot Experiments of Chinese Cabbage

Jin Fenghe, Tai Nishisaki, Tatsuaki Yamaguchi, Yin Huaining, Bai Hongxiang, Zheng Yingshun

1997, (1): 31-33.

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The pot experiments of Chinese cabbage with peat and weathered coal to reform desert soil were carried out and the factors' remarka bilities statisticly analyzed. The results showed that the peat had great function for desert soil referring and could be used as one of desert soil reforming matters.

The Effect of Predation Risk on Animals' Behavior and Their Decision

Bian Jianghui, Fan Naichang

1997, (1): 34-39.

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The research progress of the effect of predation risk on animals' behavior and their decision was introduced in the paper. In recent decade, a lots of researches dealt with effects of predation on prey foraging behavior (including when to feed, where to feed, what to eat, how to consume), habitat selection and defensive behavior in the various types of ecological systems. The results showed that animals had the ability to assess and control their risk of being pred in ecological time and they could incorporate this information with their making of decision during the lifetime. Some researches suggested that the decision reflected apparent trade_offs between the risk of predation and the benefits to be gained from enaging in a given activity. It was stressed that predation risk was an important and necessary trade_off factor for animals' decision making. In addition, the effect of indirect predation at community level was one of the forces of shaping community structure and become an important way for studing mechanism of community organization. At the population level, it also may be significant advers effecting on population distribution, density and reproduction.

Analysis of the Economic Benefits and Energy Cycling of the Ecological and Economic Yard in a Farmer

Fang Dafu

1997, (1): 40-44,77.

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The analysis of ecological, economic and social benefits and the energy cycling of an optimum model of an ecological and economic yard in a farmer was presented. The results showed that the three benefits in creased annually and the energy cycling became rational.

Orchard Ecocultivation and the Research Advances of Ecophysiological Characteristics of Fruit Trees Affected by Ecocultivation Practices

Zhou Zhixiang, Li Guohuai, Xu Yongrong

1997, (1): 45-52.

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A new concept, orchard ecocultivation, was defined in the paper. Based on the main ecocultivation practices of sod culture, green manure cover, straw mulch,intercropping and plastic film mulching as orchard soil management, the research advances of the ecophysiological characteristics of fruit trees affected by ecocultivation practices were summarized.

Pollution Resistant Evolution in Plants and Its Genecological Costs

Xiong Zhiting

1997, (1): 53-57.

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The resistant adaptation occurs in plant populations in response to anthropogenic pollution stress. Sensitive genotypes would be eliminated and resistant genotypes would be reserved during pollutant_imposed selection process. As results, pollution_resistant ecotypes evolved. The evolution is obviously of benefit for the plant populations to escape from extinction caused by pollution stress. However, accompanied with the evolution, genetic losses within populations are ecological costs in ecosystem processes. The results of these genetic losses are in great threats to genetic diversity and intergrity of natural systems.

Advances in Wetlands' Researches

Wang Xianli, Li Xiuzhen

1997, (1): 58-62.

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Wetlands are those area that inundated or saturated by surface or ground water with sufficient frequency and duration to support vegetation typically adapting to the saturated in the water soil conditions under normal circumstances. Generally, wetlands includ swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas. The contemporary research advances on wetlands home and abroad were evaluated in the article.

Ecological Adaptation and the Developing Prospects of Amarantbus Crops in Cangzhou Regions

Wu Zixin, Xu Yupeng

1997, (1): 63-64.

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The ecological adptation, the use and benefits of some varieties of amaranthus crops in Cangzhou regions were studied. Based on the experience of demonstration and popularization, the developing prospects in agriculture of the crops were discussed in the paper.

A Comprehensive Assessment of the Social, Economic and Environmental Situations of Dalian

Shi Zuomin, Cheng Ruimei, Liu Shirong, Chen Tao

1997, (1): 65-68.

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The indices that reflected the current situations of the urban ecosystem of Dalian were established in the paper. On the basis of calculating the weight of each index by the analytical hierarchy process(AHP), the current situation of the urban ecosystem of Dalian was assessed in terms of individual and comprehensive indices by the method of comparative assessment. The results of the assessed values of the composite indices showed that the social situation, economic situation, environmental situation and holistic situation of Dalian were in turn the eighth, the fourth, the fourteenth and the fifth among twenty cities along the coast of China respectively.

Resources Limitation and Slow Development: An Ecological Analysis of Traditional Society

Wang Jiange

1997, (1): 69-73.

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Why Chinese feudal system lasted very long time is a disputative question. The ecological analysis in the article provided a new explaination for the question. In traditional period of China, the high population pressure lasted for very long time, ecological system couldnt provide enough resources for the further growth of proto industry, so the bud of capitalism existed, but couldnt grow up.

The Ecological and Economical Benefits of Cultivating Azolla filiculoides on the Rooftop in the Rural Areas, Northern China

An Shuping

1997, (1): 74-77.

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Azolla filiculoides with very high biomass and reproductivity capacity has been used as a nourishing forage grass. By means of constructing shallow tanks on the rooftop, five year's experiments of cultivation of Azolla filiculoides were carried out since 1990 in the rural areas, northern China Azolla filiculoides had a relative high ecological and economical benefits. This technology can be used in Hebei province, south part of northeastern China and in the areas with rooftops.

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