Chinese Journal of Ecology

Soik Beetle Communities in Chinese Chestuut Forest on Low Hills of Southern Anhui Province

Lu Youcheng, Wang Zongying, Li Jingke, Fang Minggang, Chen Yongshun, Jiang Yeke, Pan Zhiqiang, Yu Yisheng

1994, (6): 1-6.

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In the winter of 1991 and the spring of 1992, 388 individuals of soil beetles were collected in Chi-nese chestnut forests on hills of southern Anhui province.They belong to 23 families, 27 generaand 29 species, among which, the larvae are under 13 families and the adults are under 17 fami-lies.The average density is 609·m^-3.The individual number of larvae is 2.59 times as that ofadults′,The dominant genera are Melolonthidae (L ),Curculionidae(L)and Elateridae(L).Onslopes with old trees and better drainage,there are more genera of soil beetle,the nurnber ofwhich is larger on western and eastern slopes than on northern slope.The individual number andits density of soil beetles are also larger in the valley and on the eastern slope.There are many soilbeetles within a distance of 1.3-1.5m from tree rcots, which decrease with increasing distance.It is worth to notice that the difference in number of soil beetle is bigger between two neighboringsampling plots than between the sampling plots of different areas, which was little reported in thepast.

Resource Utilization and Its Management in Grain and Fruit Intercropping System

He Mingrong, Leng Shouci, Li Zhengjia, Zhang Mingliang

1994, (6): 7-10,51.

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In order to ensure grain production,utilize resources rationally,protect ecological environment and help farmers get higher income, the researches on planting patterns of intercropping grain and fruit were carried out in Pingguan county of Shandong province in 1986-1992.The results show that intercropping grain and fruit can enlarge the utilization of natural resources,increase the total output,per unit area,and enrich the soil with organic matter,total N, hydrolyzable N and available K,which is a planting system with fairness,elasticity and high efficiency for sus-tained agriculture.

Soil Microflora and Soil Enzyme Activity in Rhizospbere and Non-Rhizospbere Uuder VariousStands on Hilly Regions of Southern Jiangsu Province

Li Wanhua

1994, (6): 11-14.

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The amount of soil microorganisms under forests has a good positive correlation with the overalllevel of soil enzyme activity.The sequence from high to low is Oak forest>Cunninghamia lanceo-late> Pinus teade forest >wasteland.The bacteria in Oak forest soil, actinomyces in wasteland.and fungi in Pinus taede forest soil show the highest ratio.Oak, Cunninghamia lanceolate and Pi-nus taede roots present a marked rhizospheric effect(R:S) on fungi and bacteria, and the effectof Pinus taede is most notable.The activities of catalase, urease, invertase, acid phosphatase,and polyphenol oxidase are stronger in rhizosphere than in non-rhizosphere。 There is a negativeeffect of Oak forest roots on urease and acid phosphatase, and of Cunninghamia lanceolate rootson polyphenol oxidese.The improving effect of forests on rhizospheric soil is Oak forest>Pinustaede forest>Cunninghamia lanceolate forest>wasteland.

Influence of Grazing on Vegetation Dynamics on Pastureland

Wu Dedong, Zhou Jingrong, Zhu Dehua, Liu Shulin, WangZhihai, Ma Zhanxin, Zhao Jianping

1994, (6): 15-19.

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nder same grazing conditions,the vegetation stability on pastureland with trees is higher than that on natural pastureland.The dominant plants are growing in groups, and undominant species are distributed randomly and scatteredly.In each grazing circle from inner outward,vegetation variation decreases progressively.Furthermore,because of the different carrying capacities of pastures,stages of light→suitable→heavy→strong grazing on pastureland with trees and suitable(lignt)→heavy→strong→extreme grazing on natural pastureland are occured in all grazing cir-cles.

Mechanism of Heavy Metal Tolerance of Plants

Yang Jurong, Huang Yi

1994, (6): 20-26.

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Based on the latest researches both at home and abroad , this paper summarizes the mechanism of heavy metal tolerance of plants and pays special emphasis on the detoxication function of heavy metal complexes formed by heavy metal inducement.

Conservation of Plant Genetic Diversity and Related Molecular Biological Techniques

Li Junqing

1994, (6): 27-33.

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Among the hierarchies of biodiversity,genetic diversity is variable and difficult to measure.How-ever,it is the basis of all the other diversities and is also the essential element to avoid species ex-tinction and gene losse, and to protect subspecies,races and clones.Some recently developed molecular biology techniques,especially RFLP,PCR and RAPD metheds,may be used in the ex-amination of hybridization and introgression from other species,the geographical structure of population of a given species or to investigate the differentiation of closely related species.In gen-eral,they are powerful tools in determining the potential extinction, declination and genetic di-versity conservation of forest species.

Overseas Rescarches on Within-Tree Nutrient Cycling

Liao Liping

1994, (6): 34-38.

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ithin-tree nutrient cycling plays an important role in the growth and development of ecosystem and tree itself.This paper reviews the methods of studying within-tree nutrient cycling, its im-portance and mechanisms.Several new fields are suggested for further researches on within-tree nutrient cycling.

Chemical Ecology of Ovipesition of Herbivorous Insetts

Zhang Qinghe, Jin Lanzhu

1994, (6): 39-43.

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ne of the most crucial events in the life cycle of herbivorous insects is the selection of a suitable site for oviposition.Chemical stimuli play an important role in mediating the behavioral steps leading to oviposition.Abiotic and biotic environmental factors often influence the production or release of behavior-modifying chemicals by plants,and therefore,affect the oviposition prefer-ences of insects.This review intreduces the recent research progress in this area,with special em-phasis on analytical methods and application of electrophysiological techniques.

Plant-Herbivorous Mammal Interaction System

Wang Guiming, Zhong Wenqin, Zhou Qingqiang

1994, (6): 44-47.

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ffects of herbivorous mammal on vegetation structure in steppe region are reviewed in this pa-per,The aiinual plant inlay in grassland caued by the digging activity of Mongolian gerbils in-creases the herb productivity near gerbil burrows, and the all year digging activity looses the top soil layer near burrow.The mound soil is fertilized by faeces and urine of getbils.All of these fa-cilitates the seed germination of annual herb and delays the vegetation succession to the climax.Large and small herbivorous mammals can determine the structure of plant communities in the steppes.Climatic changes exert influences on the distribution of herbivorous mammals and their population dynamics,and thus,indirectly affect vegetation structures and their preductivity.

Relationship Between Environmental Iodine and Iodine Nutrition of Livestock and Poultry

Zhang Qingchao, Li Tongshu, Li Guangde

1994, (6): 48-51.

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From the sight points of atmosphere,lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere,this paper studied the relations between environmental iedine and iodine nutrition of livestock and poultry,The re-sults show that there is a significant correlation hatween the distribution and content of iodine in soil and the iodine nutrition of livestock and poultry.Iodine deficiency of animal is mainly caused by the lack of soil iodine.The content of iodine in water can reflect the iodine uptake of animals.The content of iodine in urine of livestocks can be used to evaluate the metabolic condition of io-dine in their body.

Distrbution of wild Rosa Rugosa and Its Ecological community Type

Qin Zhongshi, Hu Qun, He Xingyuan, Yu Xinghua

1994, (6): 52-54.

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The definite distributive area of natural Rosa rugosa is reported for the first time.As the quantity of its population is quuite few,it requires urgent protection,The ecological communities of wild Rosa rugosa are divided into 4 types.Finally,protective measures are suggested.

Transient-State Analysis on Biotic Energy Flow in Forest Ecosystem

Ouyang Bing

1994, (6): 55-61,67.

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A general way of data assimilation for both temporal and physical qualities is proposed to deal with inconventional ecological measurements.Through a transient-state analysis of a typical tem-perate mixed forest ecosystem(Korean pine-broadleaf forest at Mt.Changbai),the effect of three functioning groups of the ecosystem──preducer,consumer and decomposer on biotic energy transfer in summer is investigated, which presents the quantitative characteristics of both part and whole functions of the ecosystem.

A Portable Multi-Passage Environmental Data Auto-Sampling System

Jiang Shiren, Chang Jie, Ge Ying

1994, (6): 62-67.

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The structure and working principle of a portable multi-passage environmental data auto-samplingsystem composed of CEC-Ⅰ and others are introduced in this paper.The system,with appropriatesensors, is simple in structure,reliable in working, convenient for operation and resistant to badenvironmental conditions.It can be used for data sampling of temperature, humidity, radiation,wind speed,etc.Furthermore,it can improve the reliability of the results of ecological research-es.

Regulation of Vole Population : Invalidity of the Food, Nutritional,and Multi-Factorial Hy-potheses

Jiang YongJin, Wang Dehua

1994, (6): 68-70.

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The 3-5 year population cycles of some vole(Microtinae)species are fascinating in that consen-sus concerning their regulating mechanisms are far from being reached.Along with the emerging of more reasonable hypotheses,some outdated,invaled hypotheses, such as the food,nutrition-al,and multi-factorial hypatheses, have been abandoned for their apparent violation of some sim-ple ecological principles.Unfortunately,we are aware that some investigators in China are mak-ing their attempts to support,or even test.the above-listed hypotheses,using experimental re-sults from non-cyclic vole populations.We present here eight.some interrelated,reasoning at-tempting to demonstrate the invalidity of these hypotheses;and those devoted students in popula-tion ecology are expected to be concentrated in the searching of internal──mainly bebavioral and physiological──factors which regulate vole number in their studies of vole population regu-lation.

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