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    10 August 1993, Volume 12 Issue 04
    Watcr Relations in Farmland Shelterbelt System by the Roads. Ren Yong
    Ren Yong, Wang Youmin
    1993, (4):  1-6. 
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    In the region from loess plateau to North Wei River,20-100cm soil laver is the main laver from which the root system of P.×dakuanensis Hsu absorbs water,and 0-0.1H is the range in which P.× dakua-nensis by the roads strongly affdcts by the roads strongly affects moisture condition of farmland.The annual transpiration consurnption of farmland shelterbelt svstem by the roads is 589.9mm,9.8% of which is consumed bv P.×dakuanensis. In 1988-1989,the average moisture content of 0-350cm soil layer in the system is 1.0% higher than control; Meanwhile,the difference in the aspect of growing seasons of trees and crops reduces the contra-diction between water supply and demand in the affected area.
    Succession of Epiphytic Microflora Populations on Apple Phylloplane under Diffcrent Ecological Conditions
    Chen Gongyou, Zheng Tiemin, Ren Guolan, Shi Xiangyang, Guo Yanchun, Song Aixian
    1993, (4):  7-13. 
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    Seasonal variations of epiphytic microflora on apple phylloplane were studied by washing and centrifugating during its growing season in 1991 in natural and disease-control orchards.The results indicate that-the population and number of species of both epiphytes and pathogens vary significantly during the sea-son. Under natural condition,the total amount of epiphytic bacteria peaks earlier than that of fungi.Both of the peaks emerge later than that of pathogens,The populations of epiphytes and pathogens are signifi-cantly affected by precipitation and fungicides. 358 isolates of epiphytes are indentified into 36 fungus-species and at least 4 bacterium genera,Dominant species of epiphytes in early season Rreatly differ from those in late season .but some epiphytes present consistently during the season. There are no obvious differences among populations of epiphytes in different ecological regions.Biological control of pathogens in orchards is discussed.
    Organic Compound Pollution in Xiaoqing River and lts Influence on Ecosystem of Sewage-Irrigatcd Area
    Tian Jiayi, Zhang Hongkai, Bao Jingmei, Wang Fuhua, Yu Rongyun
    1993, (4):  14-22. 
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    This paper makes a qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds in industrial pollution sources, water body and bottom mud of Xiaoqing river and soils,underground water and agricultural products of sewage-irrigated area;studies their category,source,distribution and turnover in farmland ecosystems of sewage-irrigated area;carries out germination test and pot and field experiments with wheat to reveaI the influence of sewage irrigation on crop growth and development;and studies the harm of this irrigation on human health by means of epidemiological investigation and rnutation test.Based on the influences of this sewage irrigation on ecosystems,a cornprehensive prevention and control measure is put forward.
    Fuzzy Numerical Classification of Warm Secondary Coniferous Forest at Nansan Mountain
    Yu Xiaoping
    1993, (4):  23-26. 
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    Numerical classifications are made for masson pine communities in warm secondarv coniferous forest at Nansan mountain. Fuzzy aggregation analysis is applied,and six asxoclation groups and ten associations are classified.The results of classification coincide with actual conditions of vegetation resources.
    Seasonal Variation of Quantitative Characters and Dominant Species of Benthic Seaweed Communities within Intertidals in Dalian,China
    Xiong Shaojun, Wang Xianping, Guo Xuguang
    1993, (4):  27-29. 
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    The composition,coverage,biornass and dorninant species of benthic seaweed cornmunlty within intertidal in Dalian,China were monthly investigated frorn March 1990 to March 1991.It isxhown that 1).the gen-eral tendency of seasonal quantitative variation of beaweed communities is later spring and early surnrner >auturn>mid-summer>winter. 2).there are significant quantitative difference(p<0.001)and remark-able replacement of domlnant Species among differeiit communities in the seasons regardless of any habi-tat,which rnight imply that the seasonal variation should include both inner-and inter-alterations of communities. 3).habitats have a very significant effect(p<0.001) on the seasonal variation of seaweed communities,i.e. the extent of seasonal variation among different habitats can be ranked as mid-inter-tidal>low intertidal>high intertidal>rock-pools.and that of disturbance made by sea wave and exposure can be banked as rock pool<low intertidal<mid-intertidal<high intertidal.
    Age Differentiation of Phrynocephalus przewalskii on Descrts
    Xu Haigen, Yang Fengxiang, Song Zhiming
    1993, (4):  30-32. 
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    Using mark-recapture method and according to the snout-vent length growth pattern,five age groups of Phry,iocephalus przewalskii on deserts are differentiatecd.And based on the data of lizards morpholo-gy,the community of Phrynocephalus przewalskii with 30-81mm snout-vent length is differentiated in-to five body length groups by fuzzy cltster analysis method,which are basically in accordance with corre-sponding age groups,These biological and mathematlcal methods are both proved to be feasible in age dif-ferentiation of Phrynocephalus przewalskii.
    Seasonal Variations of Adult's Corpulence Degree and Othcr Organs'Indices of Common Frogs in Taiyuc Mountain Hilly Lands
    Lu Xin
    1993, (4):  33-35. 
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    Investigations were carried out frorn February 1989 to April 1990 in Taiyue mountain of Shanxi province.The adult's corpulence degree of common frogsis higher during hibernation aidlowest in May and June,and that of males is signlficantly higher than females'(except in August). During April-August,the coef-ficients of liver and fat are low,but begin to rise rapidly after August ai1d peak before hibernation. The co-efficient of gonad has a variation tendency roughly as same as that of liver and fat,but still riseb during hi-bernation and reaches maximum befOre reproduction. There are rernarkable differences for all indices be-fore and after hibernation. During hibernation,the decline rates of all indices for females are higher than those for males(except for gonad).
    Phvtochemical Ecologlcal Research and Eco-Agricultural Construction
    Zhu Xinru
    1993, (4):  36-40. 
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    Phytoallelopathy affects the function and dynamics of agro-system, and phytochemical ecological re-search will benefit the construction of eco-agriculture, which displays in the following main aspects:weed control, establishment of reasonal cropping system, implementation of crop genic optimization,re-duction of applying synthetic chemicals and control of insect pests.
    Nichc Theory and its Application in Forest Ecology
    Zhu Chunquan
    1993, (4):  41-46. 
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    The development of niche theory and its application in forest ecological study are reviewed in this paper.It is pointed out that the functional action of plant unit was not involved in previous niche concepts, The particularities of niche of plant unit are discussed and a new method is developed to determine it with pho-tosynthetic production as a functional index. This method can be applied to studv the mechanisms of in-ter/intra-species competition, community structure and dynamics in forest ecosyStem.
    Influence of Human Activity on Soil Ecosystem
    Wu Zhijie
    1993, (4):  47-51. 
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    The relationship between hurnan activity and soil ecosytem is analysed.Soil ecological structure and its function are greatly influenced by human activities,such as farming,fertilization,irrigation and pollution.Soil ecosystem urgently needs to be protected.
    Improvemcnt of Agro-ecological Environment in HIilly and Mountainous Arcas of South China:Taking Xinyi Village of Wuhua County as an Example
    Zhong Jihong, Tang Shuying, Tan Jun
    1993, (4):  52-54. 
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    Xinyi village represents a typical hilly and mountainous area in Guangdong province. As a result of pro-longed extensive exploitation of natural resources,its agro-ecological environment was worsened.Through harnessing the land resources of this area with various effective measures, the environment is progressively being improved.AgricuItural production is progressing with fine recycling and consequent-ly,grain production and other incomes are gradually increased.
    Ecological Effect of Intercropping Forage Legumes with Winter Wheat
    Mao Kai, Zhou Shourong
    1993, (4):  55-57. 
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    Ecological researches on the intercropping of forages with wheat were carried out during 1989-1990.Theitems include relative light intensity,temperature,temperatural variation,relative humidity and soil rnois-ture and nutrient contents. The results are summarized in detail and effective measures for soil protection are mentioned.
    Application of Maximum Probability Principle in Farmland Ecosystem
    Yao Jianmin, Ma Rongli
    1993, (4):  58-60. 
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    In order to strengthen the practicability of maximum probability principle,this paper gives out some es-sential conditions needed for applying the principle to practice and puts forward a calculating method ofincreasing functions in optimum constitution system. The optimum constitution of farmland ecosystem ofwheat production in Linyi county of Shanxi province is analyzed.It's proved that the calculating method isreasonable and achieves flood results.Kcy words :maximum probability, calculating method, farmland ecosystem.
    An Approach to Calamity Divisioning of Liaoning Province
    Yin Gongcheng, Liang Wenju
    1993, (4):  61-65. 
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    Natural calamities occur when variOus natural phenomna endanger life,minds and properties,but some potential environmental disasters such as rnan-made and anthropogenous natural disasters develop slowly and profoundly,whlch are unobvious and not readily understandable.Thixpaper deals with the impacts of potential envlronmental disasters on agricuIture,and based on the geographic differentiation and calami-tous characteristics in Liaoning province,sets a framework of calamity divisioning and provides a guidance for preventing calarnities in this province.
    Past,Present and Future of Ecological Research on Terrcstrial Vctebratcs
    Ю. Г. Пузаченко
    1993, (4):  66-71. 
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    This paper describes the main stages, directions and items of ecological research in the former soviet U-nion. Ecological research in the country was restroded by many suective and Uective factors and still lags behind the world level in many aspects such as population dynamics theory,community research,eco-physiclogy,application of calculation techniques etc, The most important trends of ecological research deterrnined by the developn1ental processes of human scientific thinking and new requirements of practical activities are discussed in the paper.