Chinese Journal of Ecology

Sun Guofu, Zheng Zhiming, Wang Zhaoqian

1993, (1): 1-4.

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Determinations with Shimadzu CA-3 Automatic Bomb calorimeter show that after pregnancy stage,thecalorific values of rice stem,leaf and leaf sheath are decreased gradually.The calorific value of leafis positively correlated with rice yield, and its variation tendency is coincided with that of energy synthesis,accumulation,transportation and conversion in rice. Among N, C and ash.only the content of C is al-ways positively correlated with calorific values.

Bioproductivity and Dry Matter Transfer of Tussah－Feeding Oak Forest

Wen Dazhi, Yang Sihe, Jiang Bo

1993, (1): 5-10.

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The present study deals with the bioproductivity and dry matter transfer of Chinese Tussah－feeding oak forest in hilly area of east Liaoning. The results are：At the interval of rotational coppicing,the biomass of its leaves increases with coppicing age, but decreases slightly at the fifth year following copplcing.The total biomass of vegetation(22.24-24.56 t·ha^-1)is distributed as 16.46-18.17 t·ha^-1 in trees,2.09-3.69 t·ha^-1 in shrubs and 2.70-3.84t·ha^-1 in herbs. Of the total annual net production(8.06-8. 51t·ha^-1).55.4-57.6%is distributed in trees,11.2-20.6%in shrubs and 2.0-32.3%in herbs.Total forest floor biomass ranges 3. 56-4. 37t·ha^-1, and annual litterfall 3.57-3.96t·ha^-1. The turnover rate and time of forest litters are 0.41-0.51 and 1 96-2.13 years respectively.Of the solar u-tilization rate1.35-1.43%),0.76-0.78%is distributed in trees and 0. 59-0.62% in undergrowth vegetation. When the leaf consumption intensities are 50%and 75%,the dry matter output is 93. 34-117.59 and 140.02-176.36 kg·ha^-1·yr^-1,and dry matter return is 3.38-3.3 and 3.28-3.61 t·ha^-1·yr^-1 respectively.

Ecological Characteristics of Degraded Saline Grassland in Songnen Plain

Hou Yanlin

1993, (1): 11-14.

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The researches show that the saline grassland in Songnen Plain has been generally and rapidly degraded by heavy grazing. In the process of grassland degradation, soil deterioration is somewhat slower com-pared with vegetation degradation, which determines the fact that animal husbandry is the chief way of exploiting soda-aline soils. The present period is for the protection,restoration and improvement of the grassland,and the urgent task is to readjust the structure of animal husbandry.

Effects of Temperature and pH on Mycorrbizal Fungus Growth

Han Guiyun, Qi YuChen, Liu Chen, Zhou Yuzhi

1993, (1): 15-19.

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The effects of temperature and pH on the growth of 19 pure strains of mycorrhizal fungi are investigated. The optimum temperature and pH are found and relationships between adaptable ranges of temperatureand pH for mycorrhizal fungus growth and their ecological distribution are indicated.

Root System of Mixed Stand of Chinese Fir and Homana

Li Zhenwen, Yang Yusheng, Wu Zhouxi, Lai Shizhang

1993, (1): 20-24.

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The root system of a 6-year mixed stand of Chinese fir and Homana is studied by" soil column" and " standard sample tree" methods. The fine root(less than 2 mm in diameter) biomass of individual tree of Chinese fir in mixed stand is 14.5%higher than in pure stand, with even distribution and extending to subsoil, and those of Chinese fir and Homana in mixed stand are distributed in different soil layers,which is favorable for improving soil structure and providing more nutrients for the growth for Chinese fir.

Relationship Between Soil Water Utilization and Ecological Environment in the Loess Plateau

Han Shifeng, Huang Xu

1993, (1): 25-28.

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It's considered by the authors that there are three kinds of problems in utilization of soil water resources in the Loess Plateau: 1.formation of a definite thickness of dry soil layer due to intensive water absorp-tion and consumption；2.emergence of a certain depth of PWP-layer,and 3.existence of water deficiency and its low utilization efficiency,which influences the eco-environmental balance.It' s reasonable to uti-lize soil water in accordance with concrete condition,enhance water utilization efficiency and combine wa-ter utilization with its restoration.

Ordination of Prunus sibirica Shrub-Steppes in Xingan League,Inner Mongolia

Wang Xiaojiang, ZhangZong, Liu Yongjun, Zhang Haibo

1993, (1): 29-32.

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The Prunus sibirica shrub-steppes in Xingan League of Inner Mongolia are studied using a number of or-dination methods,including polar ordination (PO),principal component analysis(PCA)ordination andcorrespondence analysis(COA)ordination,22 polts of Prunus sibirica shrub-steppes are classified into 4ecological groups and 8 associations. 2-dimensional ordinations of PO,PCA and COA indicate thechange of plant communities with the status of soil water,heat and structure,and ecological environment reflects the distribution of plant communities. The three methods can be improved and replenished each other,and similar results are obtained by all of them.

Selective Predacity of Amblyseius makuwa to Various Mite Forms of Pananychus citri

Pu Tiansheng, Zeng Tao, Wei Dewei

1993, (1): 33-34.

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The selective predacity of female adult of A. makuwa to citrus mites is simulated in comparison with species of A nicholsi. A. makuwa shows a negative preference to the adult of P. citri,but A. nicholsi shows no selectivity and switching. In multi-form coexistent system of mites,the functional responses of A. makuwa to most mite forms are Nicholson type. Experiments show more positive functional response and total preying capacity of A. makuwa than those of A. nicholsi.

Ecological Research Prospective of Marine Planktonic Larva in China

Zheng Zhong

1993, (1): 35-36.

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This paper deals with the prospective of ecological research on marine planktonic larva in China,and con-sists of the following three parts ： natural ecology,experimental ecology and applied ecology. In eachpart a brief account of future research problems is given. The author is of the opinion that marine ecosys-tem should be the focus of future research,in order to make further contribution to the ecology of marineplankton in general and to the ecology of marine zooplankton in particular.

Ectomycorrhiza and Plant Nutrition

Zhou Chonglian, Qi Yuchen

1993, (1): 37-44.

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This paper summarizes the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in plant C and N metabolisms,inorganic nutri-tion of P and K,and characteristics of hormone and resistant substances produced by mycorrhizal fungi.It concludes that the principal role of mycorrhiza is the absorption,transformation and storage of nutri-ents for plants. Certain mechanisms of the symbiotic nutrition between mycorrhizal fungi and plants are investigated.

Chemical Interaction Among Organisms and Their Application

Song Qishi

1993, (1): 45-48.

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This paper reviews the most active research fields on chemical interaction among organisms：(1)allelopa-thy among plants, which is widely applied in agriculture and horticulture,(2)biochemical interaction be-tween plants and insects,(3)biochemical interaction among insects and(4)biochemical interaction among mammals and between mammals and plants.n addition,some new fields such as chemical communica-tion among fish and raptiles,chemical interaction between insects and microorganisms and between plants and microorganisms,and future research trends such as chemical adaptation of organisms to their envi-ronments,effects of environmental chemicals on organisms and biochemical interaction among organisms on community and ecosystem levels are also introduced.

Soil Ecological Conditions in the" Hundred Li(500m) Azalea Forcst" in Northwest Guizhou Province

Pang Chuntao, Song Minghe, Tian Guangpu

1993, (1): 49-52.

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There is a vast area of azalea(Rhododendron spp.) forest in Northwest Guizhou Province,At flowering season in summer, it becomes a region of tourist attraction. This region is so fascinating that people call it "Hundred Li(500m)Azalea Forest". It has a great value for ecology and tourism to exploit and develop the azalea forest.The soil ecplogical conditions in this area are studied by means of correlation analysis between soil types and vegetation groups. the soil of this area can be divided into 8 types. There are 21 objective items,especially pH value,exchangeable bases and total acidity,which exert significant influ-ence on the growth of Rhododendron.

Mutations of Agronomic Characters of Wheat, Barley and Triticale Under Humid and Arid Conditions

Liang Yinli

1993, (1): 53-55.

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Field experiments are conducted with 87 wheat,67 barley and 6 triticale samples to approach the ecologi-cal mutations of their main agronomic characters. The results indicate that the sprouting stage(X₁)of wheat and triticale in Japan and in the Loess Plateau arid mountainous region of China tends to be paral-lel. With intensifying drought,plant height(X₂)shortens obviously,and ear length(X₃)has no marked mutation. On arid lands of China, the 1000 grain weight(X₄)of wheat and triticale is similar to that onmoist lands of Japan, but that of barley is higher. There are positive correlations among X₁,X₃ and X₄ of barley in Japan,and among X₁,X₂,X₃ and X₄ in China,Later varieties may be high yielded on China drought lands. It is considered reasonable to introduce late variet

Quantitative Estimation of Sediment Renewal by Tubificids in Dushu Lake

Cao Yong

1993, (1): 56-58.

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Tubificids are sampled mainly at an interval of two months in 1984.Six species are found in the sediment of Dushu lake, and Limnodrilus hoffmeistri and Branchura sowerbyi are dominant species. The defecation rates of these two species are measured and the amounts of sediment renewal are estimated.

istribution of Direct Solar Radiation on Hilly Slopes of Dongling District of Shenyang Municipality and Its Analysis

Guo Linhai

1993, (1): 59-61.

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Based on the latest 1：50000 topographic map, the 1：100000 slope gradation map is drawn out and area calculation is made. The direct solar radiation in typical sites of the district is measured and calculated,and the variation curves of annual flux of direct solar radiation on various slope directions with the change of slope grade are drawn out. Differences of radiation factors for agricultural production of this district are analyzed accordingly.

Cusp Mutation Model of Cotton Seedling Aphids and Its Analysis

Zhao Huiyan, Wang Shize, YueMiaoyun

1993, (1): 62-66.

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Chinese Journal of Ecology,1993,12(1) ：62-66。The dynamic system of cotton seedling aphids,its natural enemies and climate is studied. A definitemodel of cusp mutation is set up and mutation regions are determined. The control and state variables ofthe system vary with time,and the boundary values determined by control variables can be used as thedynamic controlling targets of cotton seedling aphids, The model provides scientific basis for determiningcontrolling time and targets of cotton seedling aphids.

An Approach to the Ecological Construction of Agricultural Oascs in Xinjiang

Xia Ailin

1993, (1): 67-70.

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Compared with other arid areas of the world,the agricultural oases in Xinjiang possess the following characters：1.they are desert and irrigated, and water is the main factor for their subsistence and devel-oprnent,2.there are abundant light,heat and water resources and great potential for increasing their productivity,3.the eco environment is extremly susceptible to the damage of drought,cold,sand-wind and saline-alkalinity,4.inconvenient traffic and communication and closed economy are the hindering factors for their development,and 5.household economy is becoming an important part of oases eco－environment.Based on these characters,various approaches for their ecological construction are put for-ward in the paper.

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