Table of Content

10 June 1992, Volume 11 Issue 03

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Achievements and Prospects of Grassland Ecological Research in China

Li Bo

1992, (3):  1-7. 

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The history and current situation of grassland in China as well as problems arising from its over grazing, deterioration and biodiversity reduction etc. are systematically introduced. Since 17th century and especially since the founding of new China in 1949, many achievements have been made in all fields of grassland ecology, such as grassland plant resources, plant physioecology, vegetation,and community ecology,grassland animals and soil microorganisms, structure and function of grassland ecosystem, niche and ecological field theory, etc.. These achievements and developmental trends of grassland ecological research are briefly summarized in the paper.

Fruitage of Larix gmelinii in 1989 in Tuqiang Forestry Bureau Jurisdiction Area of the Greater Xingan Mountains

Xu Zhenbang, Dai Hongcai, Chen Hua, Shan Jianping, Dai Limin, Shao Chunhai, Yang Shanxun

1992, (3):  8-12. 

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Researches on the fruiting pattern and its fluctuation of Larix gmelinii have great significance in seed collection and forest regeneration.As the investigations indicate,the fruitage of Larix gmelinii in 1989 is in mid-level.For trees with dbh over 16cm,60% are fruited.The fruiting rate and seed production increase with increasing dbh,and for trees with dbh over 24cm,they are significantly greater.Serious seed infestations by insect pests are also found .The period of seed dispersal is quite short.It begins at the first ten days and ends at the last ten days of September.

Agroecological Benefits from Edible Fungi Cultivation with Straw and Other Plant Wastes

Cao Linkui, Gu Guifen, Han Chunru

1992, (3):  13-16,64. 

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Five kinds of plant wastes(cotton shell,rice straw, wheat straw, corncob and peanut shell) are used for cultivation of Oyster mushroom and winter mushroom.It attempts to reveal the potential productivity and nutritional value of edible products by converting plant wastes to edible fungi. The material and energy conversion efficiencies in cultivation process are analyzed,and the positive role of edible fungi production in agroecosystem is reaffirmed.

Artificial Vegetation of Pinus sytvestris var. mongolica and Artemisia halodendron and Its Effect on Sand Dune Stabilization

Li Jin

1992, (3):  17-21,27. 

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The researches indicate that Artemisia halodendron grows rapidly at the initial stage of artificial vegetation establishment, with the largest rate at the second year and maximum coverage at the third year. After 15 years, it is replaced by successional plants such as Cleistogenes squarrosa etc.. At the meanwhile, seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica grow up between stripes and form a relatively completely structured artificial vegetation ecosystem. Sand dunes are completely stabilized at the second to third year of vegetation establishment when the optimum wind-sheltering effect of Artemisia halodendron brings into play.

Study on Model of Natural Enemy/Pest Index Indicating Natural Contorl Capacity to Pest

Xia Chugui

1992, (3):  22-27. 

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Study on hindered increment of pest population by natural enemy is performed to analyze the natural enemy/pest index indicating natural control capacity to pest. Based on the assumption of pest population having a Logistic increment, a natural enemy-pest ratio index model is established. Taking the control of cotton aphid by its natural enemy as an example, this paper discussed the application of this model in pest prevention and cure. A quantitative model of artificial supplement of natural enemy is deduced, and incorrect principles about the determinations of reasonable natural enemy-pest ratio index and supplement amount of natural enemy are clarified.

Dynamics of Energy Flow in Capra hircus Population

Ouyang Xi, Wang Jie, Wang Qianfei

1992, (3):  28-32. 

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The energy intake and its loss through faeces, urine and methane of Capra hircus population in brush grassland ecosystem in northwest Sichuan province mountainous region are measured and quantities of energy in digestion, metabolism and net fat accumulation are calculated. Energy flows between green plants and Capra hircus population and its conversion efficiencies within a hectare of grassland are studied.

Grassland Quality Evaluation in Hilly Regions of Loess Plateau Using TOPSIS Method

Cheng Jimin, Zhang Wenjun

1992, (3):  33-35,58. 

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TOPSIS method is used in the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of 11 grassland types in hilly regions of Loess plateau. This method is the most effective one among multi-objective optimization methods. Its basic ideology is to employ "ideal solution" and "negative ideal solution" in a multi-objective decision to make ordinations. It's proved that this method is not only simple and easy to grasp, but also can cxtend the application scope and improve the precision of comprehensive evaluation.

ESS of Deception, Contract and Cooperation

Zhou Bo

1992, (3):  36-42. 

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This paper introduces the ESS theory of deception, contract and cooperation behaviors in animal competitions and illustrates with models under which they become ESS.Several concrete examples are enumerated.

Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Thermogenesis: A Review

Wang Dehua, Wang Zuwang

1992, (3):  43-48,71. 

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Brown Adipose Tissue(BAT) is quite distinct from common white one in function and structure.Its major function is to generate heat under cold stress (nonshivering thermogenesis, NST), burn excess calories for preventing obesity (diet-induced thermogenesis, DIT) and raise body temperature for combating infection, etc.. Factors influencing the amount and activity of BAT are numerous, but the important ones are body size, age,ambient temperature, photoperiod, diet, reproductive stage, and so on. Researches on BAT and NST have important significance in understanding the cold seasonal acclimatization of small mammals and in human physiology and medicine (e.g. aetiology of obesity).

Dissipative Structure Theory and Strategy for Systematic Control of Field Weeds

Wang Jian

1992, (3):  49-52. 

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In this paper, dissipative structure theory is introduced into the area of weed control. According to the analysis of formation mechanism of high-level dissipative structure and its properties in farmland ecosystem, it is considered that the significance of weed control in this system is to form a high-level dissipative structure. Based on dissipative structure theory, some new conceptions and strategies are proposed for the systematic control of field weeds.

Role and Function of Organic Fertilizer in Agroecosystem

Zhou Boyu, Yang Zhijiang

1992, (3):  53-55,74. 

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Some ideas and comments are illustrated on present situation of our arable land quality, its exploitation and fertilization, and the function of organic fertilizer in agroecosystem. Suggestions and countermeasures are proposed in accordance with the concrete situations in Hubei province.

Seasonal Dynamics of Aboveground Biomass and Photosynthetic Area of Chinese Aeluropus (Aeluropus littoralis var.sinensis)Poputation

Li Xingdong

1992, (3):  56-58. 

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The increment pattern of aboveground biomass of Chinese Aeluropus(Aeluropus littoralis var. sinensis)population in its growing season conforms to the Logistic model,with a peak value of 374g穖^-2 appeared in mid-Sept.The maximum growth rate(5.5g穖^-2穌ay^-1appears at flowering stage(mid-June),and thereafter,it reduces rapidly.The leaf-stem ratio(L/S)of the population is under constant reduction during its growing season,ranging from 0.7 at the beginning to 0.2 at the end. Its leaf area index (LAJ) increases constantly before flowering, reaches the maximum(1,2) at flowering stage and decreases gradually thereafter.

Population Dynamics of Pests-Natural Enemies and Their Correlations in Man-Made Mixed Larch Forest

Wang Zhiming, Hu Yushan, Ning Changlin, Pi Zhongqing

1992, (3):  59-61. 

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The species, quantity and population fluctuation of pests and their natural enemies are investigated in 1988 in larch-Scot pine and larch-Amorpha mixed forests at Panshi county of Jilin province. Shannon's index H', Simpon's index Dand Piolon's index J' are used to compare the popultion diversities of pests and their natural enemies in the two types of forest. Detailed results are presented in the paper.

A Phenological Study on Cyathea spinulosa

Zhang Jiaxian, Zhou Wei

1992, (3):  62-64. 

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Two years site observations on the leaf and spore phenology of Cyathea spinulosa revealed that the mean annual amount of leaf sprout per plant is 33. The sprouting begins in early March and peaks in May any September, with a mean leaf sprout of 5.2 per plant. Dormant period begins in early November and ends in early March. The starting air temperature for leaf growth is around 12℃ ,and favorable temperature is around 21℃. Sporecysts of Cyathea spinulosa appear in early May and matures and disperses in early July. The annual production of spores is 1-19.2 billion per plant.

Similarity Measurement of Community Food Webs

Guo Yiquan, Zhao Zhimo

1992, (3):  65-68,71. 

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Anew method measuring similarity among community food webs is developed based on adjacency matrices of community food webs. The similarity coefficient S = a/(a+b+c) is obtained by comparing two adjacency matrices, where a,b and c represent respectively the match numbers in 2?2 frequency table.

Population and Eco-Environmental Problems in Desert Area of the Hexi Corridor

Yuan Huarong

1992, (3):  69-71. 

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The historical evolution and present situation of environment in desert area of the Hexi Corridor demonstrate that intensifying human activity and over-extortion beyond nature's sustainable ability are the main reasons of the eco-environmental deterioration in desert oasis. In order to make the oasis sustainable and perpetual, population control, refraining from over-extortion and especially reduction of commodity grain pressure are vital among various countermeasures.