Table of Content

10 June 1991, Volume 10 Issue 03

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Farmland's Ecological Functions Under Different Multi-cropping Systems and Their Effects on Soil Fertility

Fu Qinglin

1991, (3):  1-4. 

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Researehes had been carried out during 1988—1989 in Shaoxing and Qu eounties of Zhejiang pravince for the nutrient balance, economic benefits and soil fertility of farmland ecosystem under 5 different kinds of multi-cropping systems. As the result indicates, the grain praduction and crude protein content under the wheat-rice-soybean system are highcr.This system is also characterized by better investment profits, improvement of soil aeration and nutrient release, whlch has broad pro-pects for development.

Microclimatic Characteristics and Their Relationship With Forest Structure for Two Community Types of Slash Pine

Liu Yongjin, Tan Shaoman

1991, (3):  5-9. 

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Some microclimatic factors are measured for Slash pine pure forest and mixed forest with Acacia auriculacfomis in Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong province. The light intensity on forest floor and at 1.5m height in mixed forest is respectively 77% and 62% lower and varies milder than that in pure forest, presenting better ecological effects. The growth rate and biomass of mixed forest are 1.45 and 5.34 times respectively larger than those in pure forest. Environmental differences are considered as the cause for the better growth of Slash pine in mixed forest.

Predatory Capacity in Coexistent System of Three Predatory Natural Enemies and Two Insect Pests in Paddy Field

Wu Jincai

1991, (3):  10-14. 

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The method of rotational composite design of quadratic regression is used to establish mathematical models of predatory capacity in the coexistent system of three predatory natural enemies and two insect pests in paddy field. Under the system, predators prey mainly on white-backed rice planthopper.When coexist with 4th instar larva of white-backed rice planthopper and 3rd instar larva of rice leafroller, they also prey to a certain amount on the latter, the predation sequence is Paederus fuscipes>Pirata subpiruticus>Oedothorax insecticeps. Increase of the density of planthopper significantly reduces the predation on larva of rice leafroller, but increase of the density of the latter has little influence on the amount of planthopper being preyed.

Effect of Astragalus adsurgens Population on Soil Moisture and Its Adjustment

Zhou Houyuan, Lu Ziyu, Liu Kejian, Gu Xiaolin

1991, (3):  15-17,57. 

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With its age increasing, A. adsurgens population obviously leads to soil aridification,which is represented by the tendency of moisture content reduction on each horizon of 5m soil layer.In forest-grassland zone,A. adsurgens population of 5—6 years old can reduce the moisture content of 1—3m soil layer nearly to wilting point; 7 years old population can reduce it of whole seil profile to wilting point. In shrub-grassland zone, 4 years old population can reduce the moisture content of whole soil profile to wilting point. The 1—3m soil layer forms a "low moisture horizon". To reduce the unfavorable ecological effect, it is necessary to suitably adjust A. adsurgens population, such as control the growth density, harvest timely and practise stripped resowing etc.

Study on Transpiration of Four Conifers in Semi-Arid Region

Yang Wenbin, Jiang Shimei

1991, (3):  18-21,71. 

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The diurnal and seasonal variations of transpiration rate'of four conifers are measured in relation to the variation of environmental factors. The daily course of transpiration rate follows the daily course of light intensity and its seasonal course peaks in July. The transpiration rate of new needles is greater than that of one or two years' needles. The water consumption during growing season is calculated as: Pinus sylyestris vat, mongolica 152.00 mm, P. tabulaeformis 169.05 mm and Picea crassifolia 181.42 mm, which respectively occupies 60%, 73% and 79% of precipitation at the same period.

Analysis on Paulownia-Crop Intercropping Types and Their Benefits in Woyang County of Anhui Province

Jiang Zhilin, Gao Lichun, Fang Yuejing, Sun Xingwang

1991, (3):  22-26,40. 

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Various types of Paulownia-crop interplantations are widely distributed in Yimen region of Woyang county, to the north side of the Huihe River, in which, Paulownia and crops are growing in their proper places and time due to reasonable arrangements in space and time. The refore, natural resources, such as light and soil, are fully used. The comprehensive systems are divided broadly into two types of wood-oriented and clops-oriented,which have better ecological and economic benefits.Systems such as Paulownia-Chinese herbaceous peony, Paulownia-lettuce and Paulownia-garlie are the best wood-eriented models and can be popularized in regions where situations are suitable.

Study on the Complex Management of Agroforestry Ecological System

Huang Baolong, Huang Wending

1991, (3):  27-32,40. 

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Experimental sites for this stady are located on Lixiahe Plain of central Jiangsu province. The complex management can make full and rational use of natural resources and create higher productivity and economic benefits. Compared with mono-cropping system, the photo -utilization rate of this complex system is increased by 1—3.6 times,biomass by 1—4 times and net profit by 1—2 times. The ecosystem has better cyclings and can benefit us with improvements of woodland fertility and environmental quality, increment in bird and reduction of insect-pests and diseases.

Indigenous Knowledge of Agroforestry in Mountainous Regions of Fujian Province

Paul Chandler

1991, (3):  33-36. 

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A decision-tree model of an indigenous agroforest management system centered around Chinese fir(Cunningharaia lanceolata)is constructed from extensive interviews with peasants in Lijiayang and Linfenkeng villages of Shouning county, Fujian province. From this model, additional researches are conducted to elicit the reasons of these peasants for selecting among decision alternatives. The indigenous interpretations of ecological processes elicited by these reasons are discussed in detail in order to test an bypothesis that a strong analogy exists between traditional indigenous and scientific knowledge of ecological processes.

Evaluation on Ecological and Economical Benefits of the Man-Made Rubber Tree-Tea Community

Long Yiming

1991, (3):  37-40. 

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Based on the measured data in permanent experimental station ef Tropical Botanical Institute in Yunnan province, ecological and economical benefits of intercropping tea under rubber trees are analysed. As the result indicates,the ecological and economical benefits of the intereropping are significantly better than those of pure rubber or pure tea plantation. Tea-rubber intereropping system is valuable for popularization in tropical regions.

Reproductive Capacity of Crustacea in Relation to Environment Ⅲ. Other Crustacea

Zheng Zhong

1991, (3):  41-47. 

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Experimental results show:(1)The fecundity of species is subject to considerable variants, being chiefly to the size of species and seasons.(2)The fecundity of species appears to increase with increasing latitude, being generally higher in temperate than in tropical zones.(3)The fecundity of species is affected most markedly by temperature and food.(4)The fecundity of individuals of a species bears close relationship with body size(length or weight)of adults. There exists a positive eorrolation or linear relationship between them, but after attaining certain size or age, the fecundity tends to decrease owing to the decline of metabolie and reproductive rates in old age.

Eco-Environmental Effects of Methane Released by Termites

Wu Haibao

1991, (3):  48-52. 

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Methane is an important greenhouse gas which exerts influences on the chemical composition of troposphere and stratosphere and the radiative balance on the earth. This paper discusses two experimental methods for calculating global release of methane by termites.The calculated results indicate that termites may emit large quantity of methane into the atmosphere, which has potentially significant influence on the ecological environment.

Social Regulation for Sustainable Development of Social-Economic-Natural Compex Ecosystem

Zhao Jingzhu

1991, (3):  53-57. 

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With man as the link, the social system,economic system and natural system are combined into an integrative system——the Social-Economic-Natural Complex Ecosystem(SENCE). Whether human behaviour is rational is the key factor for the sustainable development of SENCE, It is recommended that the government, as the center of social regulation should coordinate the various aspects of SENCE with each other by means of government function, population regulation, law and complex policy system to make SENCE sustainably develop,

Influence of Rearing Manners on Performance and Egg Quality of Egg-Layer Ducks

Chen Xiaolin, Zhang Songzong

1991, (3):  58-60. 

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The performance and egg quality under different feeding methods of Jinding ducks are compared. The body weights of enclosure-fed ducks arc significantly larger than those of pasture supplemented feeding. But the age of sexual maturity, egg production, egg weight, egg shape and yolk color are obviously better for the latter group. There is no obvious difference for the percentage of shell in total egg weight and the Haugh unit between the two groups.

Introduction to A Method of Pond Energy Flow Modelling

Huang Weijian, Huang Guanhong

1991, (3):  61-66. 

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This paper introduces the method of energy flow chart modelling founded by Odum for establishing mathematical model cf ecosystem.Pond is taken as the case example, which is quantified with three effective variants. The energy flows are organisticaily connected by quadratic models. This method provides an effective means for ecosystem research.

Water Transfer From the South to North China and Ecological balance

Wang Da

1991, (3):  67-71. 

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Based on the situation cf water resource shortage in North China, this paper anajyses the key problems leading to water resource tension and managerial difficulties in this country. The origin and design of the prcject"water transfer from the south to north China" are introduced, The beneficial and detrimental effects of the project on ece-environment are summarized, and its economical and related aspects and its feasibility are also evaluated.