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    10 February 1991, Volume 10 Issue 01
    Preliminary Report on Interspecies Competition Among Wheat Aphids
    Yang Xiaowen
    1991, (1):  1-5. 
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    Researches are made on the interspecies competition between English grain aphid(Macrosiphum avenae), birdcherry aphid(Rhopalosiphum padi), greenbug(Schizaphis graminium)and their mixed populations. Causes for their improbability to coexist are analysed. Under natural conditions, R. padi and S. graminium can't occur simultaneously in general, and if they do, their quantities differ greatly. However, M. avenae can occur simultaneously with any one of them, and when it is dominant, the three species can occur at the same time. This conclusion is agreed with actual dccurence of wheat aphids under natural conditions. Meanwhile, the theoretical significance and practical values of this conclusion are briefly commented.
    Relations Between Living Things and Environment in Desert of Zhungeer Basin
    Huang Peiyou
    1991, (1):  6-10,20. 
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    Desert ecosystem in the center of Zhungeer Basin is controlled by the melting of snow. In early spring, Bryophyia, Lichen and Algae firstly and then ephemeral plants begin growing rampantly. Other component species of vegetation also rely on melting snow to revive. Precipitation during growing season may cause water accumulation, which enduces the development of transient aquatic animals and the establishment of a group of xerophytes, such as Tamarix. The incubation and breeding of animals are coincide in time with the revival and gowth of plants in the region.
    Ecological Effects of Applying Nitrogen Fertilizer After Mowing
    Zhong Yankai, Bao Qinghai
    1991, (1):  11-14. 
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    With the application of nitrogen fertilizer(urea 112.5kg.ha-1), the aboveground biomass of community increases 66.15% as an average of 5 years. The aboveground biomass of Aneurolepidium chinense, Stipa grandis and Salsola collina increases 71.34%, 44.86% and 269.44% respectively. The density of community increases 63 plants.m-2. The density, height and individual plant weight increase 90 shoots.m-2, 8.48cm and 0.0275g respectively. Grasses and Chenopodiaceae Plants are more susceptible to the application of nitrogen fertilizer.
    Ecological Function Analysis for Planting Subsystem in Xiaozhangzhuang Village of Yingshang County, Anhui Province
    Ma Chengze, Jiang Zonghao, Chen Zhongzhen
    1991, (1):  15-20. 
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    Through an ecological function analysis for the planting subsystem in Xiaozhangzhuang village of Yingshang county, it is considered that because of the continued improvement of farmland environment and readjustment of planting structures, the combination of communities, environment and technological regulation in the subsystem is rationalized. The analyses are made from three aspects: level and efficieney of energy input, cyoling of mineral nutrients and reproducing efficieney of investment funds. The photo-utilization ratio of dominant crops has reached or suppassed that in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River. The system has a strong self-sustainability to field nutrient balances. The soil N and P are surplus, but K is a little deficit. The reproducing efficieney of investment funds is significantly promoted when it reaches to a definite level.
    Ecosystem Engineering and Modern Agroforestry Production System
    Hsiung Wenyu
    1991, (1):  21-26. 
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    Ecosystem engineering is a newly developed branch of system engineering. Its theory and methodology are mainly derived from system ecology and system engineering. Modern agroforestry could be defined as a sustainable land management system which is purposely designed to integrate agronomy, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and their intermediate processes into an optimized operational entirety for the maximum economic, ecological and social benefits, according to the principles, methods and techniques of ecosystem engineering and based on local socio-economic background, natural condition, technical level and characteristics of cultivated plants and bred animals.
    Distribution of Light Energy within Agroforestry Ecosystem
    Wang Hanjie
    1991, (1):  27-32. 
    Asbtract ( 1301 )   PDF (539KB) ( 191 )  
    This paper introduces two different methods for analyzing radiative energy distribution within agroforestry ecosystem. One is called geometrical or triangular method which can be used to calculate the position and time of crown shading in the fie'd. It is useful for determining intercropping species and afforestation density. The second is a numerical model which is able to simulate the radiative penetrating procedure in agroforest canopy. It can be used to calculate the radiation intensity in various depthes of the canopy, and is also valuable for further researches related to the photosynthetic rate of canopy, stomatal conductance and system productivity, etc.
    Material and Energy Flows in a Mulberry-Silkworm-Livestock Ecosystem
    Gong Lei
    1991, (1):  33-36. 
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    A mulberry-silkworm-livestock ecosystem was experimentally established in 1984 at Tai county of Jiangsu province. Winter crops have been interplanted as fodder in mulberry field during leafless seasons. Plant residues left by silkworm and fallen leaves have been used to feed goats. Chickens have fed on weeds and insects in mulberry field in summer and kept in silkworm breeding rooms in winter. The excrements of silkworms, goats and chickens have been applied as manures to mulberry and intercropping crops. Compared with traditional sericulture, this is one of successful homestead agroforestry'system, with better cycling of material and energy and better economic benefits, which is inereasingly practised in China today.
    Cultivation of Amomum villosum in Tropical Forests
    Zhou Shouqing
    1991, (1):  37-39. 
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    Amomum villosum is a tropical medicinal plant of high economic value. This paper mainly deals with the ecological characteristics of A. villosum, techniques for its cultivation and management in natural forests and rubber plantations. The economic, ecological and social benefits of this agroforestry farming system are analysed, and its positive and negative effects in tropical forest and species conservation are briefly commented.
    Reproductive Capacity of Crustacea in Relation to Environment, Ⅱ Copepoda
    Zheng Zhong, Li Shaoqing
    1991, (1):  40-44,53. 
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    (1)The fecundity of Copepoda is subject to specific variation and seasonal variation.(2)A positive correlation exists between fecundity and temperature within the range of ±15—±20℃, beyond which, the fecundity tends to decrease.(3)The fecundity increases with increasing amount of food.(4)There is a positive correlation between fecundity and size or age of individuals.(5)Species with egg-sacs appear to possess higher fecundity than those depositing eggs directly in water, showing the parental care of eggs to be more favorable for fecundity.
    History, Current Situation and Tendency of CWD Ecological Research
    Chen Hua, Xu Zhenbang
    1991, (1):  45-50. 
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    Coarse Woody Debris(CWD)plays an important role in the structure and function of forest ecosystem. It has great relations with the species diversity, stability and long-term productivity of forest ecosystem. Ecologists are paying more and more attentions to the research of the ecologioal functions of CWD in forest ecosystem and its implications for forest management. Related research has not been conducted systematically in China. This paper reviews the history, current situation and future tendency of CWD research. Current development of the CWD research in China is also introduced.
    Distribution of Soil Beetles on Chinese Aneurolepidium Grassland at Changling of Jilin Province
    Li Jingke, Zhang Xueping
    1991, (1):  51-53. 
    Asbtract ( 1474 )   PDF (298KB) ( 268 )  
    Soil Coleopera-beetles on Ghangling grassland of Jilin province was investigated in the summer of 1987.Their faunal composition and quantities are analysed,and their distributionpattern and probability as indicators of environment arc discussed,which provide someavailable data and reference materials for grassland rasearch.
    Analysis of Eco-environmental System Structural Model and its Application
    Hu Xiaolin, Guo Zhongwei
    1991, (1):  54-57. 
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    An effective method dealing with complex eco-environmental system——the structural model analytical method is introduced. The realizing steps and computation procedures of the method are listed out. The calculation process and applicability of this method are also described from the case example of a relatively simple system.
    Prediction of Soil Pollution by Mineral Oil
    Zhang Quming, Wang Yi
    1991, (1):  58-60. 
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    Based on actual data and analysis of transfer, degradation and purification of mineral oil in soil, concise prediction equations are put forward adopting integrated remnant index, which can be used in sewage irrigation and oil field exploitation areas for predicting soil pollution and designing prevention measures.