Table of Content

10 August 1990, Volume 9 Issue 04

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Productive Potentiality Analysis for Household Ecosystem in Hilly Regions

Cao Cougui, Chen Yuhua

1990, (4):  1-5. 

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The index system for household ecosystem analysis is put forward according to the structuraland functional characteristics of household ecosystem.PCA analysis are made for 22 conditional and structural indices and 26 functional indices.Dominant factors reflecting systemstate and structure are input level and productive structure,and those reflecting systemfunction are total output value and other 6 indices.70 households are classified into 4 typesby means of system clustering.The effects of household ecosystem's condition and structureon its functions are analysed using partial correlational and multiple regression analysis.Development potentialities and policies for various types of household ecosystems are discussed.

Population Structure of Korean Pine and Its Dynamics

Li Junqing, Zhu Ning

1990, (4):  6-10. 

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This paper summarizes the studies made in broadleaved Korean pine forest on following pro-blems:(1)Relations between fruiting of Korean pine and trophic structure of rodents andsmall carnivores and regeneration process of pine seedlings;(2)Population distributionpattern and its transition process at different growing and development stages;(3)Agestructure and regeneration process;(4)Relations between life-span,tolerance and adaptability of Korean pine population and its fluctuation process.The aim of these studies is todemonstrate the characters of processes created by different population structures and theconnectivity and interactions between structure and process.

Investigations on Cattail Plant Purification Pond Ecosystem

Chen Guizhu, Ma Manjie, Lan Chongyu, Zeng Shuisheng , Li Shihua

1990, (4):  11-15. 

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The species composition,biomass and microenvironmental characters of cattail population aredetermined.The roles of this population in filtering and adsorbing sand deposition,absor-bing and accumulating heavy metals and providing and maintaining better environment foraquatic higher plants,algae and fishes are discussed,the species and amount of algae andfish and their heavy metal contents are measured,and the ecological sequences of aquatic organisms in purification pond are summarized.The key for improving the purification effectsis to increase the biomass of cattail plants by means of rational close planting.

Spatial Dynamics of Wheat Aphid Population under Natural Conditions

Zhao Huiyan, Wang Shize, Dong Yingcai

1990, (4):  16-19. 

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Spatial dynamics of 3 wheat aphid populations are investigated.The aggregation and dispersion indices of 3 wheat aphids and their mixed populations are compared under the sameenvironment at different time.It is found that the distribution of wheat aphid populationand its colonization within population show a tendency of periodical aggregation and dispersion with time sequence.It is the first time in the paper to describe this tendency withresistant free vibration model,which is more suitable than Fourier Series.

Study on the Promotion of Natural Reproduction of Domestic Fish by Regulating Water Rising

Zeng Xiangsheng

1990, (4):  20-23,28. 

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(1)Case studies are made in the Three Gorges Reservoir to learn the effects of regulatingwater rising on the natural reproduction of “domestic fish” in the mid-reaches of the Chang-jiang River.(2)According to practical survey,the relationship between amount of fry andfluctuation of water level is F=1.596+9.912H;and the relationship between water level andflux in Yichang station during last May to early June is H=47.374Q^0.0582-37.483.(3) The proper time for water discharge in durations of artificial regulation is from last May to earlyJune;its proper amount is about 0.5m water rising per day,lasting for 4—6 days.(4)Areasonable control of water discharge in the Three Gorges Reservoir has no negative influen-ce on flood control,power generation and navigations.

Distribution of Aquatic Organisms Along the Line of “Transfering the Yellow River Water to Qingdao City” and Its Relations with Eutrophication of Reservoirs

Tian Jiayi

1990, (4):  24-28. 

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The species composition and distribution of aquatic organisms are investigated within an area of 225km long and 10km wide along the line of “transfering the Yellow River water to Qing-dao city”.

Migration of Heavy Metals in Smoke-dust from a Smeltery and Its Countermeasures

Pan Rugui

1990, (4):  29-34. 

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The contents of Cu,As,and Pb in air,water,soil,plant,animal and human bodies arounda smeltery are distinctively higher than those in non-polluted areas.They can not only mi-grate to human body directly through its respiratory tract,but also indirectively throughair,water and soil to plant and animal,and in the end,to human body.Dust containingCu 9.26%,As 2.12% and Pb 4.40% was applied to the roots and leaves of Gossypium herbaceum,Ricinus communis,Ipomoea batatas,Solanum melongena and Ipomoea aquatica.Itis found that heavy metals can be absorbed and largely retained by roots and leaves,only alittle is transfered to other organs.Whatever the absorption manner is,tubers and fruitscontain the least heavy metals.

Study on the Natural Thinning of Population in Man-made Japanese Larch Forest

Sun Jihua, Wang Yiting, Liu Shirong

1990, (4):  35-37,44. 

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According to the principles and methods in plant genecology,natural thinning process ofJapanese larch population is analysed.The natural differentiations of trees in man-made Japa-nese larch forest is most intensive before 16 years of age,with an annual withering mortality larger than 3.5%.There are four peaks of natural thinning in the natural developmentprocess during 6—26 years of age,appearing at 9,13,17,20 years respectively.The GrayGM(1,1)model was applied to fit the natural thinning process of Japanese larch population.Fitness results show a higher accuracy and can be used for the prediction of futurepopulation densities.

Global Ecology——New Development of Ecology

Chen Changdu

1990, (4):  38-40. 

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The background and process for the emergence and development ot global ecology or bios-phere ecology are described.Its research fields and objectives are also summarized.The “Biosphere Today” written by prof. N. Polunin in 1971 is considered as a sign for the birth ofglobal ecology,which devotes itself to the understanding of the biosphere's nature of integrity and relationships between its parts,the influences of human activities on the biosphereand our utter dependence on it,and the prevention of possible consequences and ecological disasters.

Strategies for Development and Ecological Construction of River Basin

Fang Ziyun

1990, (4):  41-44. 

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Based on a summary of past experiences and lessons,it is suggested that for the formulation of river basin development strategies,the river basin must be viewed as an ecosystem,and the economic,social as well as environmental benefits must be considered as the criteria for comparing and deciding alternative designs.Referring to the methods and proceduresfor river basin development and management,more detailed recommendations are given in thepaper.It is also suggested that the overall planning of water and land resources in the riverbasin is the key for its development and ecological construction.

Climatic Productivity of Vegetations in the Loess Plateau Region

Yuan Jiazu

1990, (4):  45-48. 

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In this paper,Thornthwaite memorical and Chikugo model are applied to calculate the climaticproductivity of vegetations in the Loess Plateau region.The absolute values of climaticproduction per year are 4.5—15.0 t·ha^-1 and 0—9.0 t·ha^-1 respectively,showing a progressivedecrease from southeast to northwest.According to investigations,the results by Chikugomodel are basically in kceping with the situation of natural landscape.

Simulation of Ecological Preference Areas of Lincoln Longwool Shcep Using Improved Fuzzy Resomble Order Method

Wen Shackai, Ye Qikeng, Zhang Yuan, Chen Nanqiang

1990, (4):  49-52,48. 

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Ecological factors are solocted according to their functions to sheep and weight values ofvarieus factors are estimated by step regression method.The range areas of Lincoln longwoolsheep in Sichuan province are simulated by Fuzzy resemble order method.Simulation resultsare satisfacterily agreed with the reality.

Dynamic Equilibrium in the Alternation of Artificial Vegetations in Shapotou Area

Sun Hongyi

1990, (4):  53-56. 

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This paper applies the Markov process to the studies of artificial vegetation dynamics inShapotou area.The results show that the present state of artificial vegetations in Shapotouarea is not a stable one,but an embryo stage for future vegetational changes.The futurechanges of artificial vegetations are predicted to be the “fluctuations”,which will last about100 years.The spectral system analysis indicate a close similarity for shrub and semi-shrub,which have the same pre-and post-colonization grassland state.Entropy analysis indicatethat grassland factor is the most indefinitive.

Energy Efficiency of Vegetable Protein Production in Agroecosystem of Miyun County, Beijing

Hu Chunsheng, Han Chunru

1990, (4):  57-58,66. 

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Energy efficiency of vegetable protein production is studied for crops and crop systems inMiyun county in the suburb of Beijing.The results show that:1.The highest energyefficiency is obtained from growing peanut,which produces 787.5kg穐a^-1 of edible vegetableprotein and needs 1.01 J fossil energy and 1.25 J total energy input for producing 1J protein.For the crop system,it needs 1.87J inorganic energy and 7.98 J total energy input to produce 1J protein.2.The output of protein is positively correlated with energy inputs,among which,fertilizer energy input is the most eminant.Increasing energy input is effective both in high,medium and low yield levels,but it is necessary to transfer more attention to medium andlow yield levels.

Ecological Study and Utilization of Gallnut of Chinese Pistache

Li Zhengxia, Ren Xingmin

1990, (4):  59-60,70. 

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The biological and ecological characters and main production areas of gallnut of Chinesepistache are reported systematically for the first time in the paper.Effective chemicals ingallnut are determined quantitatively and qualitatively by using advanced equipments.Theusage and economic benefits of gallnut are analysed and suggestions are proposed for thedevelopment of gallnut of Chinese pistache,which are helpful to the rational exploitation ofnatural resources and to the increment of sideline income and economic benefits in mountainous areas.

An Approach to the Analytical Methods for Energy Flow in Agroocosystem

Wen Hua, Qian Youshan

1990, (4):  61-63. 

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Based on a vast amount of data accumulated during past 11-years case study in Doudianvillage in the suburb of Beijing,this paper gives a new design for the current method ofcalculating and analysing energy flow in agroecosystem.An identical criterion,the energyconsumption,is used in the new method for various items of energy input(especially fororganic manure,straw/stalk and seed).It simplifies the calculation and analysis of energyflow in agroecosystem.

Genetic Basis of Ecology——Selection and Adaptation of Gene

Zhou Bo

1990, (4):  64-66. 

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This paper introduces the basic theories in ecology——the theories of gene selection,evolutionstable strategies (ESS) and evolution stable rules(ESR).