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    10 December 2002, Volume 21 Issue 6
    Strength Characteristics of Lateral Roots of Pine Trees and Its Significance in Slope Stability of Pine Shelter-forest
    Zhou Yue, Zhang Jun, Lin Jinping, Luo Huasong, Xu Qiang
    2002, (6):  1-4. 
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    Soil reinforcement of tree roots is the main mechanical effect of shelter-forest on soil stability and slope protection, and the traction effect of lateral roots plays an important role in this concern in mountainous areas. The magnetite of this role rises positively with the tensile strength of the roots in the soil. This study developed a mechanical model of relationship between the tensile strength of roots and the traction effect used in pine forests. The results showed that the tensile strength of the pines mostly lays in a range of 5~25MPa, and decreased with diameter of the roots. In the depth interval of 0~60cm, the density of lateral roots of the three pines is relatively high, and the roots are able to increase the tensile strength of the rooted soil by 6.85~9.50 kPa, through traction effect. Though the strength of the pine roots and its role in increasing strength of the rooted soil are significant, the strength of the pines is lower than those of some broad leaved trees. This means that the pines have certain limitation on their role of shallow slope stability.
    Bird Communities in Four Mangrove Wetlands in Fujian
    Song Xiaojun, Lin Peng
    2002, (6):  5-10. 
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    From January 199 to January 1997, birds survey was carried out in 4 mangrove wetlands in Fujian. As a result, 92species, belonging to 55 genera, 27 families, and 13 orders were recorded. Among them, 29 species, 31.52 % of the total were passeriformes; 63 species, 68.48% of the total were nonpasseriformes. The survey revealed that the bird communities in Fujian mangrove wetlands had the features as follows: ①Nonpasseriformes was more than passeriformes. Wading birds were more abundant in bird communities. ②Farm birds were common and forest birds were scarce. ③Lack of endemic species. ④Winter visitors and passing migrants were dominant in bird communities. ⑤Migrant behaviors varied with species. ⑥Mangrove wetland is important for bird conservation, especially for egrets and migrant wadings.
    Mechanism of Interspecific Competition between Pavlova viridis and Tetraselmis tetrethele
    Guo Yufeng, Duan Shunshan, Chen Jie, Zhang Yanan
    2002, (6):  11-14. 
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    Experiments of co-culture with Pavlova viridis and Tetraselmis tetrethele were carried out. Results showed a transparent phenomenon of interspecific competition between them. The competition was identified as an exploitation type through analysis. In the co-culture, both the growth rate (r) and the carrying capacity (K) of two species were affected, with a greater influence on P.viridis than on T.tetrethele, according to the comparision with those from the pure culture of two species. Each of interspecific competitive parameters of one species to the other was calculated, and the results showed that T.tetrethele possessed a more interspecific competitive capacity. Meanwhile, under the co-culture condition, both of the carrying capacity of two species were closely related to their respective inoculation density. The growth rate of P.viridis was in a positive proportion to its inoculation density, while a negative one existed in T.tetrethele.
    A Case Study on Land Use Pattern under Ecological Security in Ecotone between Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Northeastern China
    Lin Zhangping, Liu Xiangnan
    2002, (6):  15-19. 
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    Zhenlai county in Jilin Province is taken as a typical area to explore the universal land use pattern under ecological security in ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in Northeastern China. Remote sensing data, relative thematic maps and corresponding social-economical statisitical and planning data were collected, and grey linear programming (GLP)model, together with the synthetic index estimating method was applied to develop an optimal land use model to evaluate the ecological security and analyze decision. The land use structure and optimal spatial allocation pattern of Zhenlai county in the year of 2010 regarded as a land use pattern under ecological security were simulated out by the mathematical models applied.
    Intercepting Dynamic Processes of Artificial Pinus tabulaeformis Forest Canopy on Loess Plateau
    Zhao Hongyan, Wu Qinxiao
    2002, (6):  20-23. 
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    The intercepting dynamic processes of P.tabulaeformis forest canopy have been studied by local measuring methods for e valuating forest benefits of soil and water conservation and explaining mechanism of soil and water conservation. The result showed that interception amount of the canopy averaged in six-years was 10.8mm and interception rate was 23.7 %. The intercepting processes have a limited increasing processes with raining time. The maximum value of interception amount occurred in the middle process. Then intercepting amount changes like a wave, which can be described using the combina tion of linear and sine functions.
    Structure and Function of Street Trees in Shenyang Built-up Area
    Jin Yingshan, He Xingyuan, Chen Wei, Xu Wenduo, Ning Zhuhua, Ma Runguo
    2002, (6):  24-28. 
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    In the case of Shenyang, the structure and function of street trees in built-up area was studied. With the typical method of community sampling survey, the relative quantitative index, vertical distribution, and horizontal distribution were analysed.With CITY GREEN software, we analyzed the benefits of pollutants removal, and achieved some quantitative result. The results showed that the structure and function of street trees in Shenyang is becoming simple gradually. The regional difference is obvious and the benefits are not in balance, caused by unreasonable structure.
    Time Budget and Behavior Pattern of Semi-free Cervus nippon in spring
    Liu Zhensheng, Wu Jianping, Teng Liwei
    2002, (6):  29-32. 
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    From April to May in 1998, time budget and behavior patterns of semi-free Cervus nippon were studied in Pingshan Wildlife Experimental Farm. The results showed that grazing behavior accounts the most for activity time in spring, next for ruminating and bedding behaviors, and the least for alerting and moving behaviors. In a day, there are three grazing peaks (namely, 7:00~10:00, 12:00~1:00 and 16:00~17:00). The female spend more moving time than the male do. The male spend more alert and bedding time than the female. C.nippon spend more grazing time in cloudy days than in fine and rainy days, while C.nippon spends less alert and moving time in cloudy days. Sex and weather influence activity time budget of C.nippon. More significant differences exist between male and female's moving behaviors (F=10.09,P<0.01), while significant differences exist between bedding (F=5.96,P<0.05) and alert (F=4.52, P<0.05) be haviors. More significant differences exist between grazing ( F=8.39,P<0.01) and alert ( F=6.11,P<0.01 ) behav iors due to weather factor, while significant differences exist between bedding ( F=4.27, P<0.05) and moving ( F=5.32,P<0.05) behaviors.
    Ecological Assessment and Improvement for Agricultural Production Systems of Households in Cropping and Pasture Transition Zone of Northern China
    Fan Jiangwen, Liang Biao
    2002, (6):  33-35,19. 
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    Six households agricultural production systems were defined based on investigating and analyzing production situation of households in 3 geo-economic districts in transition zone of cropping and pasture(Chifeng, Inner Mongolia).Three production systems, e.g., pasture-pig system, cropping-cattle fattening system and agro-animal husbandry system,were selected through ecological assessment. The improved suggestion for the systems was provided according to existing problems of these systems.
    Wetland Soil and Its Ecological Functions
    Tian Yingbing, Song Guangyu, Ai Tiancheng
    2002, (6):  36-39. 
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    Types and characteristics of wetland soil were briefly introduced, and ecological functions of soil in wetland ecosystem were also discussed in this paper. Wetland soils can be divided into five types, including histosol, gleysol, halomorphic soil, paddy soil and underwater soil, containing higher organic matter and situated in intense reduction circumstance. Because of their special physical and chemical properties, wetland soils showed varied ecological functions such as (a) to be as a medium of wetland living things ;(b) to provide nutrients; (c) to release greenhouse gases and (d) to purify or absorb toxic substances in wetland ecosystem.
    Applied Ethnobotany: Participatory Approach for Community Development and Conservation
    Pei Shengji, Xu Jianchu
    2002, (6):  40-46. 
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    A pplied ethnobotany is a new subject in ethnobio logical sciences referring to the transferring,reviving and cultivating ethnobotanical knowledge among different social groups with in intra and inter communities.Much research related to biodiversity in many countries is largely devoted to the gathering of more academic information,rather than to more incise studies focusing on finding answers to pressing challenges related to the use of plants by communities.China is a country possessing rich biodiversity and cultural diversity.
    A Review on Wetland Soil CO2 Flux
    Li Zhaofu, Lu Xianguo, Yang Qing
    2002, (6):  47-50,23. 
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    Wetland is considered as a special ecosystem which has some functions in the earth. Wetland's carbon cycle is very important for global climate changes. The research on wetland soil CO2 flux is a key of wetland carbon cycle. This paper analysed observation methods and influential factors of wetland soil CO2 flux, introduced wetland soil CO2 flux model, and discussed research emphases and direction on wetland soil CO2 flux.
    Kinship and Social Behavior of Rodents
    Yu Xiaodong, Fang Jiming, Sun Ruyong
    2002, (6):  51-56. 
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    This paper presents some concepts about the kinship and introduces five possible mechanisms to resnlt in kin biased behavior, including spatial or temporal distribution, familiarity, phenotype matching, recognition alleles and green-beard effect.In rodents, kinship has very important effect on social behavior, and kin-biased behaviors occur in competition, cooperation,mating and parental care. The research on mechanisms will be benefit for understanding the origin and evolution of kin-biased behavior.
    A Review for Research of Root Exudates Ecology
    Chen Longchi, Liao Liping, Wang Silong, Xiao Fuming
    2002, (6):  57-62,28. 
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    The study of root exudates enriches the theories and methods of rhizospheric soil ecology, and offers theory warranty that it can be used in agriculture and forest. This paper discusses the types and components of root exudates, mechanism of exudation, and the relationship between root exudates and the biotic and environmental factors. The development tendency and study aspect of root exudates in the future was evaluated as well.
    Relationship Between Food-Storing-Territory of Microtus brandti and Vegetative Biomass in Its Habitation
    Wan Xinrong, Liu Wei, Wang Guanghe, Wang Mengjun, Zhong Wenqin
    2002, (6):  63-64. 
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    The family group food storing-territories of Microtus brandti are analyzed in 4 different grazing habitations: light-grazing,middle-grazing, over-grazing, and serious-grazing. Significant differences have been detected in the food-storing-territory of M.brandti in various habitations with ANOVA. The food-storing-territory and vegetative biomass has exhibited an apparent negative correlation. This may be considered an adaptation of M.brandti to the variable environment.
    Variations of Baterial Population Size in Water Sources for Aquaculture of Doumen County
    Yan Rongjun, Lin Xiaotao, Xu Zhongneng, Liang Yuqiang, Zhu Jianhong
    2002, (6):  65-67,32. 
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    Microbiological survey in the Luozhou River and a pond of Doumen County Guangdong Porvina from March to July in 2001 provided the data for study in the variations of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio population size with some environmental factors. The results showed that heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio population densities in Luozhou River and pond increased with water temperature. But when COD increased, these densities in the pond appeard to decline. The popula tion densities of heterotrophic bacteria in Luozhou River and pond ranged from 200cells穖l-1 to 9.7?104cells穖l-1,and those of vibrio ranged from 800 cells穖l-1 to 1.97?104cells穖l-1.
    Comparison of Decomposition Rates of Maize Straw between Two Kinds of Straw Incorporation
    Ma Yongliang, Yu Zhenrong, Jiang Yonghong, Luo Wei
    2002, (6):  68-70. 
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    Tests of the whole maize straw incorporation and the smashed ones were conducted on tideland of semi-arid area of Quzhou, Hebei Province. The tests are composed of seven different treatments. By one year's period of test, it indicates that the process of decomposition of straw in the field is divided into three stages. In the early stage, the decomposition rate of the smashed straw is faster than that of the whole in the field. But the gap between the two rates is diminished after wheat turns green. The coefficient of huminification is not affected by the measures of adding use of nitrogenous fertilizer,spraying EM and so on.
    Effect of Different Fertilization and Tillage Treatments on POM-C in Black soil
    Shi Yi, Lu Caiyan, Zheng Jing, Chen Xin
    2002, (6):  71-73. 
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    Based on two long term fertilization(1985-) and tillage(1990-) experiment, the effect of fertilization and tillage on soil particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C) and total organic carbon(TOC) were studied. The results indicated that under the conventional tillage condition, the largest POM-C and TOC content in 0~20ca soil layer was found in the treatment of N and P fertilizers+recycled nutrients among six fertilization simulated models. As blent residue into the whole 0~20cm topsoil, POM-C content of the deep ploughing treatment was higher than other treatments. The order was:association,prevalent and rotary tillage.
    Biodeposition Method used in Bivalval Physio-Ecological Studies
    Zhou Yi, Yang Hongsheng
    2002, (6):  74-76. 
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    Biodeposition method, a recently developed method used in studies on physio-ecological characteristics of bivalval mollusks,including clearance rate (CR), ingestion rate (IR), absorption efficiency (AE) and energy budget, is reviewed in this paper. The method estimates feeding and absorption rates through measurements of suspended particles and biodeposit production. The main assumption of this method is that ingested particulate inorganic matter can be used as an inert tracer of feeding and digestive processes. The method is based on feeding responses that are integrated over long time scales, reducing the variability on the measurements affecting growth parameters associated to instantaneous responses.
    Landscape Ecological Construction in Fujian Coastal Area
    Ke Meihong, Huang Yixiong
    2002, (6):  77-80. 
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    The coastal area in Fujian is one of the regions whose economy development is rapid, and whose landscape ecological con struction plays a great important role in the sustainable and stable economy development in our country. This paper gives emphasis on the three basic characteristics in this area according to the theory of landscape ecology, i.e., the complexity of landscape structure, the diversity of landscape function and the changeability and frangibility of landscape ecosystem. This paper also puts forward several kinds of landscape ecological construction patterns which are fit to the development of this area, such as coastal shelter forest system, ecological agriculture and the ecological restoration in waste land of diggings.Finally, this paper introduces the relationship between landscape ecological construction and ecological tour.