Table of Content

10 February 2003, Volume 22 Issue 2

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Selection of ecological type region for important economic trees and grass in Dongting Rivers (Hunan area)

FU Shaochun, YUAN Zhenke, YUAN Suibo

2003, (2):  1-4. 

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In agriculture and forestry,losses are often caused by unsuitable soil,climate,or natural disaster,while natural resources are not fully used.Based on data of 30 years' climate information,characteristics of geomorphology,soil,and ecological environment were collected for 89 demonstration counties in Dongting Rivers (Hunan area).Based on the results,5 ecological type regions.In Dongting River (Hunan area) were categorized.The water and temperature conditions,land forms and ecological environment concerning the distribution of 26 species of trees and grass were analyzed.Different suitable region for planting 26 species of trees were identified:the most suitable ecological type regions,more suitable ecological type region,and suitable ecological type region. In each ecological type region, important planting trees and grass were identified.

Optimized model of seasonal grassland after settlement for herdsmen

LI Haimei, AN Shazhou, ZHU Jinzhong, HE Xingyuan, CHEN Wei

2003, (2):  5-8. 

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After the settlement of herdsmen, which utilization model should be adopted for seasonal pasture under the current productivity remained an unsolved problem. Based on the principles of forage animal balance and high efficient and sustainable energy utilization, this paper proposed an optimized model of temporal spatial disposition in the seasonal pasture of Axili kazakzuxing of Changji city, a typical place in the middle section of the northern slope in the Tianshan mountains in Xinjiang(grazing in warm season; grazing and house feeding in cold season), which not only achieved forage animal balance, protected and improved ecological environment, but also achieved good economical and social benefits.

Relationship betwen land use and soil fertility in Xizhuang watershed, Baoshan, China

SHA Liqing, QIU Xuezhong, GAN Jianmin, XU Jianchu, GAO Fu, AI Xihui

2003, (2):  9-11,23. 

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Preliminary results from the soil survey conducted in 1997 and 1998 showed that the soils in the Xizhuang watershed, near Baoshan, are generally poor in available phosphorus, have a low pH range, and are deficient in exchangeable cations. Only the soils originated from limestone have adequate pH and cation concentrations. Organic carbon contents are generally higher than in most other Himalayan watersheds and the presence of limestone and the elevation effect are key factors responsible for conserving soil carbon concentrations. A brief description of the biophysical setting is provided and the key factors that influence soil fertility-elevation, parent materials, and land use are identified.

Factors influencing CO₂ flux of soil surface in Karst area

XU Hai, PIAO Hechun, HONG Yetang

2003, (2):  12-15. 

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Soil surface CO₂ flux was measured in Karst area in Guiyang,South Western China.Other soil parameters such as soil microbial biomass carbon,soil soluble organic carbon,and soil moisture were determined at the same time.Results revealed significant positive correlations between soil surface CO₂ flux and soil temperature,as well as significant negative correlations with soil microbial biomass carbon.Soil surface CO₂ flux is positively correlated with soil moisture and negatively correlated with soil soluble organic carbon,respectively.

Analysis on the dynamics of patch shape and forest restoration process in Guandishan secondary forest region

ZHANG Lizhen, ZHANG Yunxiang, GUO Jinping

2003, (2):  16-19. 

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Based on four stages of Ariel image since 1959,and supported by ARC/INFO,the similarity index to circle (SIQ) and fractal dimension (D_f) of all types of landscape patches in Guandishan forest region were analyzed in this paper.The results showed that SIQ was efficient to analyze and explore the characters and dynamics of patch shape.During the process of forest landscape restoration in the study area,SIQ of non forest patch was always higher than the forest patch.The SIQ of forest patch increases persistently in the period.The patch shape became more complex.The landscape was in the middle stage of active forest restoration and patch succession,dominated by the extension and combination process of later succession forest patch,which had more complex and diversified patch shape and more close correlation with other patches.The early succession forest patches with comparatively simple shape gradually declined.

Weed occurrence and succession in the cool seasonal turfgrass

CUI Yantang, LI Zhixuan, REN Yi, YUE Ming, ZHANG Yajun

2003, (2):  20-23. 

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Weed species and their occurring time in the cool seasonal turfgrass in Xi'an was spot-checked. The pattern of the occurrence and succession of weed was analyzed. The results showed that the dominant weed species of dicotyledon were Oxalix comiculata, Duchesnea indica, Aster tataricus, and Artemisia atrovivens,while monocotyledon were Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Cyperus rotundus . Using abundance degree to define the extent of the weed damage was proposed and the method of prevention and control of weed was also suggested.

Breeding ecology of a bird Aegithalos concinnus

ZHOU Lizhi, WANG Qishan, SONG Yujun

2003, (2):  24-27. 

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Aegithalos concinnus of Breeding ecology was studied in Zipeng Mountains in Hefei,Anhui Province from April to July,1996 and in March and May,2001.Based on the fieldwork,characteristics of the chicks were studied. A.concinnus was ruttish in the middle ten days of March and nested in the last ten day of the month.The nests were spherical among leaves under branches of firs with lateral or top lateral opening.Eggs were laid in early April.Clutch was 6 25.Incubation lasts 15～16 days,and 88% of the eggs had chicks.Parent birds cared their young for 15～16 days with all of 22 young birds leaving their nests.The growth curves of their body mass,wing,rostra,tarsus,remix and tail were suitable to fit to Logistic equations.Of the fitting parameters,inflection of the curves of rostra was least,and the growth rates of remix,wing and tail were higher. These implied that feeding configurations developed early,howore the configurations related to flight grew quicker in late middle nestling period.

Microflora and microbial quotient (qMB, qCO₂) values of soils in different forest types on Tiantai Mountain in Zhejiang

ZHANG Chongbang, JIN Zexin, SHI Shidi

2003, (2):  28-31,55. 

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The soil microbial quotient (qMB,qCO₂) values,number,biomass-C,biomass-N,and respiration rate were preliminarily analyzed.The results indicated that these items were higher in Rhododendron fortunei forest soil, Pinus taiwanersis forest soil,tea plantation soil,and bamboo forest forest soil,compared to other 5 types of forest soils. That of soil microorganism was the lowest in Cryptomeria fortunei forest soil.The mean value of microbial indices was higher in the natural woods soils than that of the artificial woods soils.The soil locality condition and soil characteritics showed synthesis effect on the difference of the microbial indices from 8 forest soils.The qCO₂ values were higher(4.52%,4.43%,4.265) in C. fortunei forest soil, Chamaecyparis pisifera forest soil,tea planation soil,and bamboo forest soil than in to other soils. The qCO₂ values were lower (3.475%,3.82%,3.70%) in R. fortunei forest soil, Pinus taiwanersis forest soil and Heptacodium miconioides forest soil whose quality were better,and the potentiat for sustainable use of soils was higher.The qCO₂ value not only acted as a harmonious coefficient between the microbial respiration rate and microbial biomass, but also had an ecological importance for reflecting the soil characteristics and the sustainable use of soils.

Urban rainfall resources utilization and its effects on eco-environment.

SONG Jinxi, LI Huaien, LI Qi

2003, (2):  32-35. 

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With development of urbanization, serious contamination of surface water and over exploration of groundwater have made exploration and utilization of urban rainwater resources the most important thing to do at present. Rainwater, one of the most essential, direct and economical resources could be utilized through the following aspects: establishing storage installation to collect rainwater, making rainwater infiltrate on the spot or recharge to groundwater, and building green roof system to intercept and catch rainwater. From above ways, rainwater could be used widely and fully.Thus, it may not only solve the problem of urban water resource crisis, but also brings a series of good eco environmental effects, such as to conserve groundwater, mitigate and reinstate ground subsidence, regulate climate, help to extend green areas, make air clearn and city more beautiful and even effectively control over floodwater damages etc.

A review on resource competition theory

NAN Chunrong, DONG Shuanglin

2003, (2):  36-42. 

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This paper introduces a new competition theory resource competition theory,which includes R^*-rule and resource ratio hypothesis.It has been well tested with microorganisms,phytoplankton,plants and zooplankton.The basic building blocks of this theory are the Monod model and the Droop model of competition.These two models can make similar predictions for equilibrium studies.But considerable simplification is achieved using the Monod model.The Droop model can make a better prediction for non equilibrium studies.At last,the future of resource competition theory is prosected.

Advance on the biosafety assessment of GMO

NIE Chengrong, LUO Shiming, WANG Jianwu, FENG Yuanjiao

2003, (2):  43-48. 

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The advance of research on the safety assessment of GMD, its criteria, methods used in biosafety assessment were introduced in this paper. The situation, regulation and the management mechanism in China were introduced particularly. Finally, the future development of biosafety management in China was suggested.

A research review and technical improvement analysis of constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment

LIANG Jidong, ZHOU Qixing, SUN Tieheng

2003, (2):  49-55. 

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Constructed wetlands are proven efficient technologies for both wastewater treatment and reuse of water resources.Compared with conventional treatment systems, constructed wetlands were cheap,and easily operated and maintained.In recent years, these systems had been used in the purification and treatment of domestic sewage.Moreover, there was a strong potential for application in special wastewater treatment such as industrial, agricultural, wastewater with the technical improvement of the systems.The current situation of research on the systems was summarized.Purification processes by various types of wastewater treatment in wetland systems were discussed.Factors influencing treatment efficiency of the systems and their treatment performance were analyzed, and the tendency of their development and application was forecasted.

Logical interrelations between ecosystem health and its related notions

XIAO Fengjin, OU YANG Hua, NIU Haishan

2003, (2):  56-59. 

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Ecosystem health is an integrative science that develops in recent years.As ecological sustainability is an important notion in ecology,this paper investigates the logical interrelations between four properties that may be useful in understanding different aspects of ecosystem health and making it a more operational and useful concept.These properties include sustainability,system stability,continuation and longevity.The principal findings are as follows:①stability is necessary but not sufficient for sustainability,continuation,longevity and health;②continuation is sufficient but not necessary for sustainability,stability,and health and both sufficient and necessary for longevity;③longevity is sufficient and necessary for sustainability and continuation and sufficient but not necessary for stability and health;④health is necessary but not sufficient for sustainability,continuation,and longevity and sufficient but not necessary for stability;⑤sustainability is sufficient but not necessary for stability and health;necessary but not sufficient for continuation,and both sufficient and necessary for longevity.

Advance in study on the forest restoration in the burned blank

KONG Fanhua, LI Xiuzhen, WANG Xugao, ZHAO Shanlun, SHI Binglu, GAO Zhenling

2003, (2):  60-64. 

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Forest restoration in the burned blank is one of the most important aspects of forest restoration.This paper summerized the studies on forest restoration in the burned blank in China and abroad. Suggestions on future development were proposed to improve the study in this field.

Advances in the research on the methods for separating the components of soil respiration

YI Zhigang, YI Weimin, ZHOU Lixia

2003, (2):  65-69. 

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Soil respiration can be divided into two components: autotrophic(root)respiration and heterotrophic(microbes and soil fauna)respiration. The separation of soil respiration will contribute to the understanding of soil carbon cycle and carbon balance under the condition of global change. Three primary methods have been reviewed to distinguish auto-versus heterotrophic soil respiration including:①components method; ②root exclusion method and ③ isotope method. The isotope method is the best with the least disturbance to soil and roots. Taking into account of all the factors, the root exclusion method will be the most practical in the future.

Species of fig wasps in Ficus altissima and their ecological characters

GU Haiyan, YANG Darong, ZHANG Guangming, PENG Yangqiong, SONG Qishi

2003, (2):  70-73. 

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Investigating and observating 11 fixed trees at the regular time, 25 species of fig wasps included in 14 genara of 7 families were obtarned.These wasp species include pollinanator species and nonpollinator species. Eupristina altissima,one of 2 F. altissima pollinators,is the main pollinator.The fruit size of F. altissima differ greatly and the fruits whose diameter are over 2.5 cm only produce galls of nonpollinator.Obviously,these nonpollinators negatively affect the figs and its pollitors.This paper reports the wasps growing in the figs of F. altissima,their classification,and the effect of some nonpollinator on the mutualism.

Thermodynamic characteristics on different thermal active surfaces near edge of ever-green broad-leaved forest of Ailao Mountain

ZHANG Yiping, MA Youxin, LIU Yuhong, GUO Ping, DOU Junxia

2003, (2):  74-79. 

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Based on the data of surface temperature on Southwest slope edge of ever-green broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mountain, the characteristics and differences of horizontal and vertical distribution of surface temperature on different thermal active surfaces were discussed in this paper. The findings showed that thermal effect of vertical active surface could not be neglected at the edge of fragmented forest.Vertical active surface of edge was a new thermal active surface with the exception of forest canopy surface, soil surface in and out of the forest. The study will be useful for us to understand microclimatic and biological effect of forest edge.

Effect of aluminum on Pisum satvium growth

YAN Shicai, MAO Xuewun, YANG Yongli

2003, (2):  80-81,96. 

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The influence of aluminum in different concentration on the growth of Pisum sativum soot and bud under the acid condition was studied. The results showed that aluminum remarkably restrained P. sativum root and bud from growing. The initial concentration of aluminum poisoning cell split of P. sativum root top was 1mg·L^-1 . As aluminum inducing the various changes have taken place in the chromosome of P. sativum root top, aluminum initial concentration being 0.5mg·L^-1 . Between aluminum restraining P. sativum root and bud from growing and this plant absorbing Ca and Mg there is not clearly relation under its less concentration (≤1 5mg·L^-1).

Benefit of integrated management in a small watershed of Hunchun River

CHEN Weijie, LI Chongxin, LI Zhan, XU Jinshi

2003, (2):  82-85. 

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The small watershed of Hunchun River in Henan Provice is one of the pilot sites designated for small watershed management by the State Bureau of water mangement.This paper summarized the experience of water management in this area during 1986～1999, as well as the benefits achived in the recent years.The effect of water soil conservation on decreasing water,soil and fertilizer erosion,and increasing the local income in agriculture,forestry,and stockbreeding is discussed.The short and long term integrated benefit is analyzed also.Although the accuracy on the estimation of soil erosion decrease and crop benefit increase is rather limited,the primary results indicate that the integrated management with water soil conservation in small watershed is economically beneficial.

Role of indigenous people in biodiversity conservation and utilization in Jinping divide Natrue Reserve:an ethnoecological perpective

XU Jianchu

2003, (2):  86-91. 

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Ethnoecology refers to the study of how people interact with all aspects of the natural environment,including plant and animals,landforms,forest types and soils,among many other things.The indigenous people,including Lahu,Hani,Yao and Miao located in the Jinping National Nature Reserve along the Sino-Vietnam borders of Southeast Yunnan Province,have profound indigenous people about perceiving,utilizing and conserving natural resources and biodiversity during the long histroy of interaction between people and environment.Those ethnoecological experiences is part of conservation of biological and cultural diversity.

Deity mountain forest and its function in natural reservation in Gaoligong Mountain of Yunnan Province

AI Huaisen, ZHOU Hong

2003, (2):  92-96. 

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Adopting methods such as PRA interview,field survey and forest sample plot survey, the forest traditional culture of deity mountain in Gaoligong mountain area was investigated.It was found that there exist abundant types of deity forests,such as forest surrounding the village communities,headwater forests of the villages,geomantic forests of Han nationality,temple forests,holy mountains of Lisu and Dai nationalities,colorful trees of Dai's and the mysteries places of Lemo,on which they always holds their ceremonies for the sky.Acting as carrier of the ecological ethics,these kinds of tradition play an important role in keeping the biodiversity in the Gaoligong mountain area.Natives always get non timber products from such deity mountains.At the same time,with the help of this tradition,natural resources could be utilized economically and help the development of ecosystem function.It is critical to promote traditional cultural of holy mountain by publicity education and policy instruction.