Table of Content

10 March 2003, Volume 22 Issue 3

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Ecological adaptation of leaf gas exchange of trees used for re-vegetation under different experimental light regimes

ZHAO Ping, ZENG Xiaoping, PENG Shaolin

2003, (3):  1-8. 

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Leaf gas exchange of 8 tree species that have been widely used for re vegetation in hilly lands of South China were examined under different light regimes. Their light saturation point, mean daily net photosynthetic rate, leaf temperature, mean values of daily stomatal conductance, intrinsic water use effciency, and photosynthetic radiation-use-efficiency were compared. The results showed that Mlichelia macclurei andCastanopsis fissa had attributes of late successional species that could survive and grow well under shade condition. They should not be selected for construction of pioneer community. Acacia auriculaeformis , A. mangium , and Cinnamomum camphora were typical sunny species and had distinct characteristics of early-successional species. Castanopsis hystrix and Ormosia pinnata displayed sunny attributes except for leaf temperature. These species could be considered as composition species when assembling pioneer community. Schima wallichii , however, was transitional species of succession process. Its both early-and late-successional attributes suggest that it was suitable to be use for maturing pioneer community improvement.

Preliminary study on the dynamic regulation of Cyclobalanopsis glauca

HU Xiaobing, ZHONG Meiying, YU Mingjian

2003, (3):  9-12. 

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On the basis of investigation,experiment and census figure,the dynamic regulation of Cyclobalanopsis glauca were studied.It included the dynamic state of seed banks,seed sprouting,asexual reproduction and density regulation of C. glauca. The results showed that the number of C. glauca seed was larger,but only a few of them could sprout into seedlings in plant community. Seed production and asexual clonal growth cooperated with each other to make high reproductive effort.The self sparse of C. glauca showed that the growth speed of C. glauca population(about aged 40) was slowing down.

Features of gaps of middle mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mountain

LI Guicai, HE Yongtao, HAN Xingguo

2003, (3):  13-17. 

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The size structure,disturbance character and forming character of canopy gaps were studied in middle mountain mosit evergreen broadleaf ved forest in Ailao Mountain,Yunnan Province,China.The results showed that the gap size depended on the forming modes of gaps, and the sizes and species of gap maker.The areas of actual gaps was enormously less than the one of extended gaps,and the average of the former was only 33.2% of the latter.The small gaps were main types for the actual and extended gaps.However,the total area of the large gaps was much more than the small gaps.For the actual gaps,the area of the gaps being more than 100～200 m² was about 66 4% of total area. for the extended gaps,the area of the gaps being more than 200～300 m² and 400～500 m² was about 33.1% and 20.6% of the total area. Due to the strong wind in winter, the uproot and snapping were the main types of gap makers,and respectively were 35% and 28% of total number of gap makers. The most gaps were formed of 1～3 gap makers which mostly consited of Castanopsis rufescens,Lithocarpus xylocarpus and Lithocarpus hancei. The three species constituted the 78% of the total gap makers.Under the middle or small scale disturbing, the main arboreal dominant species of upper communicate definitively influenced the gap forming.The distrbution of DBH classes of gap makers mostly varied over 21～40,41～60 and 61～80 cm.The amounts of them were about the 31.6%,20.0% and 18.3% of total amount,respectively. The distribution matched perfectly with the distribution of the gap areas.This indicated that the DHB calsses of the gap makers were closely related to the gap areas.

Stand variables affecting understorey plant species diversity in natural forests

LEI Xiangdong, TANG Shouzheng, LI Donglan, CHEN Baosheng, ZHANG Zelu

2003, (3):  18-22. 

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This paper studied stand variables affecting understory plant species diversity of three typical forest types in over-cutting forest region,northeastern China.The results of stepwise regression showed that management related stand variables affecting understory plant species diversity include tree stems per hectare,canopy closure and tree species diversity.They all can be adjusted through management practice.Therefore,it is necessary to control stand density and enrich tree species diversity by cutting and tree species mixing for maintaining and increasing understory plant species diversity.

Land capacity in agriculture-grazing ecotone of east Keerqin lands-the case of Keerqinzuoyihouqi county

LI Yuehui, ZHAO Yi, HU Yuanman, SONG Xuan, ZENG Dehui

2003, (3):  23-28. 

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Keerqinzuoyihouqi is located in agriculture-grazing ecotone in northeast Keerqin lands. On account of the complex and fragile environment, it is important to harmonize the relationship among population, resources and environment. Land sources capacity became important in settling the problem. In this paper, a dynamic model was established, including population, land resource, planting, husbandry, fishery and consumption subsystems. Across 9 scenario, i.e.,3 development rate ^* 3 nutrition level , the model predicts changes of population and maximum land resource capacity in the future 50 years. The actual population increase and ecological environments were further discussed. The results showed that the land capacity for population ranges from 467,100 to 745,100 and the intervals to maximum capacity are different among different scenarios. So population control is necessary for economic development and environment protection. In fact the population inscrease rate is rational. The environment questions is caused by irrational development.

Effects of pre-germination chilling on subsequent growth and flowering of the plants

FAN Jiangwen, M. Fenner

2003, (3):  29-31,53. 

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This experiment investigated the effects of pre-germination chilling of seeds of 15 species on the subsequent growth and flowering of the plants.Only three of the species (Bromus sterilis, Capsella bursa pastoris and Myosotis arvensis) markedly increased flowering after the seed chilling treatments . The shoot lengths of the seed chilled plants were also significantly greater in the three species. The ecological implications in the reproduction and succession of the population were discussed in relation to possible effects of climatic change on these species.

Plant-caused pollution in urban forest development

WANG Cheng

2003, (3):  32-37. 

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The concept of plant-caused pollution was put forward in this paper. It means the phenomena that the substance produced from green plant reaches some degree that could bring bad influence on human body and environment. Several kinds of plant caused pollution including pollen, flying hair and catkin, and smell were studied. Those plant species, which caused pollution, were introduced and the control methods were also summarized.

Distribution influencing factors and monitoring of biological soil crusts

WU Yuhuan, GAO Chien, YU Xinghua

2003, (3):  38-42. 

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Biological soil crust exists in desertification-prone areas.This paper focuses on the concept of crusts,distribution and factors influencing species composition,and its monitoring for assessment of ecosystem and landscape change.Some preliminary suggestions were given for further understanding the relationship between biological soil crust and ecosystem or landscape in desertification-prone areas in north-western China.

Effect of landscape fragmentation on plant populations

QIN Fengfei, AN Suqing, ZHOU Yuanwu, XIANG Huajun, ZHENG Jiangwei, CHEN Xinglong

2003, (3):  43-48. 

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Landscape fragmentation, a widespread phenomenon, was considered as a process in which the landscape not only break and disjoint each other but also change from simple to complex under the disturbance of anthropogenetic or other factors. The occurrence of landscape fragmentation directly or indirectly influences the structure, function and dynamics of landscape. The reasons that cause landscape fragmentation and the different embodiments that landscape fragmentation were studied with different directions and levels. Then, the effects of landscape fragmentation on plant populations discussed. Generally speaking, landscape fragmentation influences plant populations in terms of the size, extinction rate, dispersal, immigration, heredity, variation and population survival. On study methods, we sum up the methods and models that had been widely used in the field. There were three key problems existing in the current study of this field. Those are the absence of original material, good models, and the identification of interaction between fragmentation and other disturbance, such as pollution and climatic change that have a similar effect on plant populations.

Application of molecular eco-techniques to treatment system of wastewater

ZHANG Qianru, ZHOU Qixing, CHEN Xishi, ZHANG Huiwen

2003, (3):  49-53. 

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More attention has been paid on molecular microbial ecology.It is an interdisciplinary field of molecular biology and microbial ecology,which has been used in wastewater treatment.The composition and genetic diversity of microbial communities in wastewater treatment systems were thus reviewed and some special functional microorganisms were described in details.Future trends of molecular ecological techniques combined with wastewater treatment were also discussed.It emphasized on the importance of researching on molecular ecology of microorganisms in treatment system of wastewater so as to understand microbial phylogenetic placement thoroughly.

Effect of temperature on atmospheric CH₄ oxidation in soils

DING Weixin, CAI Zucong

2003, (3):  54-58. 

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The research progresses in the effects of soil temperature on atmospheric CH₄ oxidation in soils were reviewed in this paper. Atmospheric CH₄ oxidation occurs in soils even if the temperature is very low. The atmospheric CH₄ oxidation rates are highly correlated with soil temperature, but not so closely as those of CH₄ production since methanotrophs have high affinity for CH₄ and low activation energy for CH₄ oxidation. As a result, the temperature effectiveness Q₁₀ is much smaller than that of CH₄ production. When the rates of CH₄ and O₂ diffusion from the atmosphere into the soil air are equal to those of CH₄ and O₂ consumption in soils, CH₄ oxidation rates in soils reach the maximum values at a given temperature which is called the optimal one. If the temperature continually rises and is higher than the optimal temperature, the reproduction and activity of methanotrophs in soils will gradually decrease because methanotrophs fail to compete with nitrifiers and other microbes for the limited oxygen in soil air. What we have proposed as above has successfully explained why soil temperature influencing the rate of atmospheric CH₄ oxidation shows the trend of increasing at first, then reaching the maximum and at last decreasing with temperature.

Effects of plant pathogens on forest dynamics

FU Xianhui, CAO Min, TANG Yong

2003, (3):  59-64,69. 

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As a component and regulator in forest ecosystem, plant pathogens play an important role in forest dynamics. Infection by plant pathogens often results in increased mortality of seedlings and adult plants, and in lower fecundity or sterility, and influences the competition for nutrients, which can induce changes in community structure and number of species and individuals. Plant pathogens can infect the seeds of pre-dispersal and post-dispersal, and those in soil seed banks and seedlings germinated from seed bank, thus decrease their survival rate, contributing to pattern of the seeds dispersal, regeneration and recruitment of the seedlings in forest. In natural forest, pioneer tree species are more susceptible to plant pathogens than climax species. Plant community in early succession stage is susceptible to plant pathogens compared to climax community. Plant pathogens have been found to operate mainly in a host density dependent manner in forest dynamics. So it is important to study the effects of the pathogens in forest dynamics for the purpose of sustainable forest management.

Remote sensing interpretation of drainage system and catchments of Liaoning Province

ZHANG Yushu, CHEN Pengshi, FENG Rui

2003, (3):  65-69. 

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Water resource is necessary for life and production. The contradiction between needs and supplication becomes more seriously with the population increasing and industry developing.Reasonable exploit and using of water resource is the important issue at present. And precise calculation of drainage system and catchments distribution is the basis of the exploit and using. There had been the first investigation of water resource of Liaoning Province in 1984. But due to the time variation and the limitation of the investigation techniques, lot of investigation data of the drainage system and catchments distribution do not precisely fit the situation at present. In this paper, the TM digital images of Landsat were used to interpretation of drainage system and catchments distribution in Liaoning Province, by means of the ER mapper software. Data of multiple scales waves and seasons were used in the interpretation. The techniques of histogram equalization, filtering, linear transform were also employed. Interpretation marks of drainage system and catchments distribution are constructed according to the analysis of the relationship between bands. Principal component was used to interpretation of coastline. Length of rivers and the area of catchments were calculated and compared with the first investigation data. The reasons of the variation were analyzed.

Constructing biodiversity information system for natural conservation region-A Case Study in Meihua Mountain

XIONG Zaiping, ZHAO Guang, CHANG Yu, JIANG Ping, ZHENG Jingming

2003, (3):  70-73. 

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Biodiversity information system is a major part of biodiversity science. This paper discussed the importance of biodiversity information system to natural conservation. Also the main structure and component of this system was presented through the construction of an actual natural conservation biodiversity information system in Meihua mountain region, Fujian Province, China.

Application of constructed wetlands in sewage treatment in small cities in China

SONG Zhiwen, BI Xuejun, CAO Jun

2003, (3):  74-78. 

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The water quality and the technological requirement of sewage treatment in small cities were analyzed.Being a new wastewater treatment technology especoally suitable for China small cities, the constructed wetlands have the advantages of low investment, high quality effluent, less dissipation of energy, simple performance and cheap operation cost. The study of this technology should be strengthened.

Measuring methods of marine zooplankton biomass

ZUO Tao, WANG Rong

2003, (3):  79-83. 

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The determination of the zooplankton biomass is the most essential part of the research on marine ecology. There are a wide variety of biomass measurements. According to the principles of these methods, four types can be classified: body-sized counting estimation, volumetric, gravimetric, biochemical analysis. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of various methods were also discussed.

Interaction of protozoa and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on rock phosphate dissolution

SUN Yanxin, LIN Qimei, ZHAO Xiaorong

2003, (3):  84-86. 

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Phosphorusp is one of the limited factors for agricultural production. Both protozoa and microorganisms play important roles in the P transformation of soil. Through pure culture and soil incubation experiments, it was found that the tested protozoa of Colopodia,Oxytricna and Australothrix had significant activity in dissolving rock phosphate. Soil available P increased largely due to the inoculation. A large amount of the dissolved P was absorbed by the organisms, and released after chloroform fumigation. Significant amount of the P was changed to biomass P. However, no significant interaction was found between the tested protozoa and phosphate solubilizing bacteria.

Biomass, energy and nutrient distribution in communities of the strand ecological protective circle, TADA, China

XU Yongrong, ZHANG Wanjun, FENG Zongwei, HUANG Mingyong

2003, (3):  87-90. 

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The standing biomass and energy of four communities in the strand ecological protective circle in Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area(TADA), China, were 28.55 t穐m^-2 and 525.91?10⁹ J穐m^-2 in tree shrub herb community, 28.11 t穐m^-2 and 503.27?10⁹ J穐m^-2 in shrub community, 24.30 t穐m^-2 and 355.68?10⁹ J穐m^-2 in herb community. They were higher than those in primary community. The distribution of biomass and energy in the tree shrub herb community were tree >shrub >herb, and shrub> herb in shrub herb community. The rank order of total standing crop of N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg and Cl were herb community 2481.87 kg穐m^-2 >shrub community 518.16 kg穐m^-2 >tree shrub herb community 499 49 kg穐m^-2 >shrub herb community 99.22kg穐m^-2 >the primary community 28.34 kg穐m^-2 .The pattern of elemental distributions were same as biomass and energy: tree > shrub > herb in tree shrub herb community, shrub>herb in shrub herb community. But the percent of herb in the shrub herb community increased.

Optmization for the reaction system of birch ISSR-RCR

JIANG Jing, YANG Chuanping, LIU Guifeng, WU Jinhua, FAN Zhiyong

2003, (3):  91-93. 

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In this paper,the influence of DNA concentration, Tag DNA polymerase and annealing temperature on the result of ISSR-PCR amplification was analyzed using the materials of birch DNA. Seventeen primers, which produced clear and rich polymorphism bands, were screened. The stable and reproducible optimum reaction system of ISSR PCR and PCR amplification parameter were established for birch. The result provided a standardizing program for the analysis of interspecies genetic diversity of Birch.

Effect of re-submerging particular polders on the ecological environment of Dongting Lake

ZHANG Guanggui

2003, (3):  94-96. 

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This paper analyssed the effects of re-submerging particular polders on the ecological environment of Dongting Lake based on summarizing the ecological environment effects of land reclamation.The favorable conclusions of the project such as expending the ability of passing and storing floodwater,improving the local climate and water quality,favoring the biodiversity protection and the sustainable utilization of water resource were obtained.It is indicated that the migratory towns construction will bring risks of water pollution.Proposals and countermeasures of Dongting Lake ecological environment protection were put forward.