Table of Content

10 April 2003, Volume 22 Issue 4

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Effects of double CO₂ partial pressure on the canopy potential photosynthesis of Oryza sativa and Leptochloa panicea

SUN Guchou, ZHAO Ping, ZENG Xiaoping, PENG Shaolin

2003, (4):  1-5. 

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The light-saturated rate of photosynthesis, apparent photosynthetic quantum yield and the efficiency of light energy conversion increased in leaves of O. sativa, exposed to double CO₂ partial pressure and the same parameters were decreased in leaves of L. panicea in comparison with that under ambient CO₂ partial pressure. The carboxylation rate and oxygenation rate of Rubisco increased simultaneously and the ratio between them did not change much in leaves of O. sativa. No significant change of CO₂ compensation point in the absence of light respiration(Γ^*)occurred in O. sativa and increasing Γ^* was found in L. panicea. The result showed that the property of Rubisco could be modified in L. panicea exposed to double CO₂ partial pressure. The respiration rate in light decreased in both plants exposed to double CO₂ partial pressure maximurn carboxylation rate of rabisco.(Vcmax)and maximum rate of photo synthetic elactron transprt(Jmax)increased by 9.3% and 20.7% in O. sativa and decreased by 5.7% and 3% in L. panicea respectively as they were exposed to double CO₂ partial pressure. The daily canopy net photosynthesis increased by 5% in O. sativa and decreased by 13% in L. panicea when both were exposed to double CO₂ partial pressure. The results showed that the species characters influence carbon gained under higher CO₂ partial pressure. The advantage in higher production in O. sativa would be promoted as the global atmospheric CO₂ partial pressure would increase continuously, and the current ecological relationship between O. sativa and L. panicea be changed for the carbon assimilation in L. panicea decreased under double CO₂ partial pressure.

Spatial heterogeneity of exchangeable calcium content in cultivated soils of Shenyang Suburbs

LIU Dan, JIANG Yong, LIANG Wenju, WEN Dazhong, ZHANG Yuge, QIAO Debo

2003, (4):  6-9. 

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The spatial heterogeneity of exchangeable calcium content in 0～20cm horizon in cultivated soils of Shenyang suburbs, Liaoning of China, was investigated, and its map was made by the methods of geostatistics and geographic information system. Data of exchangeable Ca fitted normal distribution after log transformation, and semivariogram fitted a spherical model. Semivariograms indicated that exchangeable Ca content was strongly spatially dependent on the ratio of nugget to sill of 11.7%, its spatially dependent range was 15.8km, and its spatial heterogeneity was fundamentally affected by structural factors such as parent materials and soil types.

Effect of planting Amomum on soil arthropod communities in tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna

YANG Xiaodong, LIU Hongmao, ZHENG Zheng, SHA Liqing

2003, (4):  10-15. 

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In order to investigate the effect of planting Amomum on soil arthropod communities in tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, the investigation method in the sampling plots was used to study soil arthropod communities in tropical seasonal rain forest and Amomum plantation in 1999. The results showed that total numbers of soil arthropods were 3772 which consisted of 6 classes, and 23 orders in two plots. Ants, acari, hemiptera were dominant groups in the Amomum plantation, the proportion of total individuals of three groups in soil arthropods communities of Amomum plantation was 73.329%. Ant, acari, coleoptera and collembola were dominant groups in tropical seasonal rain forest and their proportion of total individual in soil arthropod communities was 89.778%. The numbers of individual and diversity of soil arthropod communities were higher than those in the Amomum plantation. The vertical distribution of soil arthropod communities in the Amomum plantation was disturbed by human activities, the groups and individuals of soil arthropod in under layer of soil(10～15cm)were more than those in surface layer of soil(0～5cm). In general, groups, and individuals of soil arthropod communities of two plots were higher in dry season than those in metaphase of rainy season. But there were some differences on the seasonal change of soil arthropod individuals in the two plots.

Effects of adding peat on amelioration of aeolian sandy soil and vegetable growth

CHEN Fusheng, WANG Guirong, ZHANG Chunxing, ZENG Dehui

2003, (4):  16-19. 

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With pot experiment, the effects of adding peat on amelioration of aeolian sandy soil and growth of Chinese cabbage(Brassica pekinensis)were investigated. The peat addition was divided into five treatments: 0%(the control treatment), 2%, 5%, 8% and 10%. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of aeolian sandy soil were improved after peat addition. Adding peat increased the water holding capacity of sandy soil, decreased the soil pH value, and increased the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus of soil. Also, it obviously increased the root length and root biomass, plant height growth, and above ground biomass of Chinese cabbage. Among all the treatments, adding 8% peat was the best, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, height growth, above ground fresh weight and dry weight increased by 71%, 402%, 464%, 107%, 847%, and 1001% respectively, compared to the control treatment. Meanwhile, adding peat could be advantageous to the accumulation of dry substance and the quality of cabbage.

Species associations of fig wasps associated with Ficus racemosa in Xishuangbanna

ZHANG Guangming, YANG Darong, XU Lei, PENG Yanqiong, LU Yao

2003, (4):  20-26. 

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Comparisons among different calculation methods were conducted in order to analyze the species associations of fig wasps associated with Ficus racemosa in Xishuangbanna,SW China.The results indicated that interspecific associations were highly significant(P <0.01).Pollinator(Ceratosolen fusciceps)had the highest significant associations with other species, negatively with Platyneura testacea and P.mayri,while positive with P.agraensis .There were highly significant negative associations among 3 species within genus Platyneura,whereas,a highly significant positive association occurred between the 2 species of genus Apocrypta .The interspecific association relationship was not clear yet for pollinator and Apocrypta species.Semi-matrices diagrams and constellation diagrams were applied to show species associations of fig wasps.The causes and evolutionary effects of species association status of 6 fig wasp species were also discussed.

Research on the adaptability and production performance of hybrid dock under extreme ecological conditions

NIU Feng, MU Xiaofeng, ZHAO Zongfan, YANG Xianxiao, MA Yongzhong, CHEN Mingyu, JIN Zhengwen, LIU Zhengwen, WANG Anlu, SUO Yingnan

2003, (4):  27-30. 

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Between the years of 1999～2001, 9 kinds of ecological types(arid,saline alkali,desolate mountain,desert,sandland,tri cloudy,high cold,river rapids and tillable field type)have carried out adaptability and production performance for the hybrid dock of transfer can research in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces. The results,showed that this Species could adapt completely the extreme ecological environmental conditions of northwest areas of China specifies, could get higher produce rough quantity,and had potential develop application value higherly.

Correlation analysis between the variation of phenotypic quantitative characters and the habitat of Agropyron mongolicum

XIE Xinming, YUN Jinfeng, LU Xiaoliang, LI Bingtao

2003, (4):  31-36. 

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By means of the analytical techniques of GLM-multivariate, coefficient of variation, principal component and UPGMA cluster, the phenotypic quantitative characters of inflorescence of Agropyron mongolicum Keng from 6 natural populations and 2 cultivars in the central and eastern areas of Inner Mongolia were analyzed. The results showed that there were some differences on the phenotypic characters within and among populations. Meanwhile, the degree of variation among 6 natural populations was greater than that between 2 cultivars, and the differentiation of populations had a close correlation with the ecological factors.

Ecological effects of Ca²⁺ on the seed germination of Casuarina equisetifolia under chromic stress

ZHOU Xiqin, LI Yuhong

2003, (4):  37-41. 

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Effects of Ca²⁺ with different concentrations on some earlier physiologic and ecological characteristics of seed germination of Casuarina equisetifolia under chromic stress were studied. The results showed that the seed germination and the seedling growth were inhibited under the Cr³⁺ stress with concentrations of 10mg·L^-1 or 100mg·L^-1, and there was stronger toxic effect with higher Cr³⁺ concentration. When seeds or seedlings were treated by Ca²⁺ with proper concentration, although the plants were still under the Cr³⁺ stress, the content of proline,O₂^- and MDA, and the activities of POD and CAT were decreased, and SOD activity increased.Therefore, Ca²⁺ reduced the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth. There was a good modulation effect of Ca²⁺ on accelerating the seed germination and enhancing the activity of seedling protective enzymes under Cr³⁺ stress. Ca²⁺ could also modulate the sensitivity of proline to stress response, decrease the speed of O₂^- production, and alleviative the peroxidation degree of membrane lipid. But the treatment of Ca²⁺ needed suitable concentration.Much too high Ca²⁺ concentration would bring negative effect. The proper concentration of Ca²⁺ was in the range of 0.01～1mmol·L^-1 .

Review on the study of vegetation stability

ZHANG Jiyi, ZHAO Halin

2003, (4):  42-48. 

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Stability is a comprehensive character of vegetation. In this paper, the concept of stability was discussed, and advances in some important aspects of study on vegetation stability were presented and also some remarks were given.Some suggestions were put forward for further study of vegetation stability. Influences of disturbance on vegetation stability should be given more attention and it is necessary to make further progress in the study of biological and ecological process to understand the mechanisms of vegetation stability.

Reviews on the ecological effects of heavy metals in the agricultural application of sewage sludge

ZHU Guangwei, CHEN Yingxu, TIAN Guangming

2003, (4):  49-54. 

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This paper summarized the recent advances in the study on ecological effects of heavy metals as the agricultural application of sewage sludge. The summary was focused on the following aspects: plant reaction, soil microbiological and enzymatic reaction, pollution of groundwater, bioavailability, long term pollution and amendments remediation of heavy metal induced environmental problem as agricultural application of sewage sludge.

Advances in urban forest and its development strategies research

LI Feng, LIU Xusheng, WANG Rusong

2003, (4):  55-59. 

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City is a kind of social-economic-natural complex ecosystem, dominated by human activities. Urban forest is an important part of urban ecosystem. It is the basis and support of urban ecosystem health and urban sustainable development. Urban forest has important ecosystem services. The background, concept, range and present situation of urban forest research were expatiated in this paper. The focus issues and development strategies of urban forest research were advanced in the end.

Sexual selection of animal

ZHANG Jianjun, ZHANG Zhibin

2003, (4):  60-64. 

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Sexual reproduction creates a social environment of conflict and competition among individuals as each attempts to maximize its genetic contribution to subsequent generations. Evolution by sexual selection occurs if genetically different individuals differ in their reproductive success as a result of competition within one sex for mates(intrasexual selection)or because of their differential attractiveness to members of the other sex(intersexual selection). Female mate choice co evolved with trait exaggeration or females that are choosy gain direct benefits.

Advance in the diapause studies of marine planktonic copepoda

WU Lisheng, WANG Guizhong, LI Shaojing

2003, (4):  65-69. 

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As an important physiological phenomenon in marine copepoda, diapause is a significant factor to influence the fluctution of population. The paper concerned the investigation and development in this field, including the forms of diapause, the significance of diapause, the hatch and development of diapause eggs, and the environmental faltors inducing diapause.The prospect in research was also put forward in this paper.

Models of plant regeneration based on propagules of seeds

XIAO Zhishu, ZHANG Zhibin, WANG Yushan

2003, (4):  70-75. 

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Studies on plant regeneration have been one of the problems in the ecological field since 1970's. Lots of studies on factors influencing the regeneration of seed plants have been carried out, and mainly involved 3 stages, i.e., seed production, seed movement(mainly seed dispersal), and seed germination,seedling establishment and sapling maturity. Some detailed theoretical and experimental models were put forward, and promote field researches further. Many qualitative models and quantitative models have been proposed, and there was a tendency of carrying quantitative studies on regeneration of seed plants. The paper reviewed 3 qualitative models, i.e., Chambers et al . model of seed fates,Clark et al .'s models of recruitment limitation and Nathan & Muller Landan's spatio temporal model; and 2 quantitative models, i.e., Vander dispersal model of Purshia tridentata seeds and Bhning et al .'s dispersal model of Commiphora guiliamini seeds, which appeared in recent years.

Maximum sustainable yield of population of non-Allee' system

LIN Zhenshan, LIU Maosong, Larry Li

2003, (4):  76-78. 

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By calculating and simulating,we found that MSY(maximum sustain yield)of the population of non Allee' system growth increases with the decrease of shape parameter d for a given net population rate MSY of the population of Non Allee' system growth increases with the increase of net population rate for a given shape parameter.

Monitoring seasonal dynamics and generations of the rice stem borer male Moths with sex pheromone in Jilin Province in China

SHENG Chengfa, XUAN Weijian, YI Boren, CHEN Rizhao, QI Xiaoning

2003, (4):  79-81. 

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A two-year investigation was made on the seasonal population dynamics and number of generations of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis(Walker)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidaer), by use of sex pheromone trapping at two sites during 1998～1999. The results showed that the overwintering generation moths were first caught in mid May at Changchun City and to the end of May at Liuhe County in 1998. The last flight dates of moths at Changchun City were in the late and early September in 1998 and 1999, respectively. The active duration of the moths was as long as four months while one generation could complete its development(egg to egg)within two months at the location. In fact, there were two obvious peaks of moth flight at Changchun City in 1999, and the interval between the peaks was about 55 days. These indicated a high percentage of occurrence of the second generation and thereby promoted to change the long standing opinion that there was only one generation at the locations in a common year.

Effects of ducks' ingestion on seed germination of bulrush(Scirpus mariqueter)

ZHAO Yuyun, MA Zhijun, LI Bo, CHEN Jiakuan

2003, (4):  82-85. 

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Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effects of ducks' digestion on the germination of seeds of bulrush(Scirpus mariqueter). The seeds were processed with acidic environment(pH=2), high temperature(42℃)and rubbing to simulate the environment in the alimentary tract of ducks. Results showed that the grind increased the germination rate of seeds significantly, while the acidic environment and high temperature reduced the germination rate of seeds. The ducks' ingestion had no significant effect on the germination of seeds, but was beneficial to the spread of seeds.

Effect of planting-date on the population dynamics of pest and its natural enemies in cotton agroe-cosystem

GE Feng, MEN Xingyuan, SU Jianwei, LIU Xianghui, DING Yanqin

2003, (4):  86-89. 

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The population dynamics of pests and natural enemies from 3 types of cotton field, in which cotton seeds were sowed on April 27, May 15 and June 15 of 2000, were investigated and compared, respectively. The less number of 2nd generation cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigia)and more number of 3rd and 4th generation cotton bollworms were observed in late sowed cotton than in early sowd cotton. The greatest population of seedling aphids(Aphis gossyppi)and summer aphids were found in cotton field in which cotton seeds were sowed on May 15 and June 15, respectively. With the delay of planting date, population number of natural enemies and community diversity index of pests and their natural enemies were decreased. The pest management strategies for 3 types of different sowting date for cotton agroecosystem were also discussed in this paper.

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on diurnal changes of flag leaf photosynthetic rate in spring wheat

FENG Zhaozhong, WANG Xiaoke, DUAN Xiaonan, FENG Zongwei

2003, (4):  90-92. 

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Under field conditions, the spring wheat(Yongliang-4)growing at different nitrogen levels was used to determine diurnal changes of flag leaf photosynthetic rate(P_n)and its major affecting factors. The relationship between photosynthetic rate and its factors were analyzed with correlation analysis and path analysis. The results indicated that the Pn of both nitrogen levels showed midday depression phenomenon. The Pn at low nitrogen level(60 kg ·hm^-2)varied as a two peaked curve: at 10∶00 and 14∶00. But high nitrogen level(225 kg ·hm^-2)varied as a single peaked curve at 10∶00. Statistical analysis results showed that the photosynthetic depression of flag leaf growing at low nitrogen level was mainly controlled by the stomatal factor.But at high nitrogen level, it was mutually controlled by stomatal and non-stomatal factors. High nitrogen enhances adaptation of spring wheat to strong radiation and high temperature at early filling stage.

Analysis on the eco-environment of the wild Pseudostellaria heterophylla in Mt. Huangfu, Anhui Province

WANG Xiaopeng, LIU Shengxiang, Dai Dongjin

2003, (4):  93-96. 

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The distribution areas of the wild Pseudostellaria heterophylla in Mt Huangfu are behind the Mituo Temple,in the south west of forestry centre and the southeast sloping field of Northern-General Mountain. Nine plots selected randomly from above areas,the illumination, temperature and humidity of air, temperature, humidity, structure, color and pH value of soil every half an hour were measured. A detailed investigation and analysis were given about the eco environment of the wild P. heterophylla in the Mt. Huangfu to provide the foundation for protection and utilization of idioplasmic resources.

A new method to distinguish soil types based on functional ecology

YIN Guangcai, A S Kerzhentcef, V V Bugrovskiy, ZHOU Guoyi, WEN Dazhi

2003, (4):  97-101. 

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Based on the theory of functional ecology, a new method for distinguishing soil types according to its characteristic mass(CM)and characteristic time(CT)was presented. By mathematical modeling, the CM and CT of Soddy-podzodsand Cherro zem was calculated as the orders of 133 t穐m^-2 and 80 years with an annual litter-fall mass about 5.5 t穐m^-2 for Soddy podzods, and 820 t穐m^-2, 650 years with an annual litter-fall mass 11.2 t穐m^-2 for the Cherro zem. Further more, the CM and CT varied with the change of mass input and decomposed velocity in the soil, which are influenced by the external factors(light, temperature, moisture etc.)and anthropologic factors. We also found that the lower the horizon was, the longer the CT would be.

Landscape classification and mapping with remotely sensed data for Tiantong National Forest Park in Zhejiang Province

LI Junxiang, SONG Yongchang

2003, (4):  102-106. 

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In this study, unsupervised classification method was employed with multi-temporal remotely sensed data of Landsat TM. The 14 landcover types were identified for Tiantong National Forest Park, supported by ground truth data. The 14 landcover types are: evergreen broadleaved forest, mature evergreen broadleaved forest, secondary evergreen-deciduous forest, ridge evergreen deciduous forest, ravine evergreen deciduous mixed forest, forest-fringe shrub, secondary shrub, coniferous forest(Cunninghamia lanceolata), bamboo, farmland/garden with crops, dry farmland, bare soil, residential area, and water body, respectively. These 14 landcover types can be integrated into 6 landscape units according to the taxonomy of community complex and Geo-synsociology in vegetation community: mountain slope evergreen broadleaved forest landscape, evergreen deciduous mixed forest, artificial forest(including bamboo forest and coniferous forest), farmland landscape, water landscape and residential landscape. Based upon this classification system, the landscape of Tiantong National Forest Park was mapped.

Researches on comprehensive controlling measures for the population in Changchun City

CAO Yonghong, WANG Deli, JIN Mingchuan

2003, (4):  107-110. 

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It's very important to master the law of population. This paper predicts the population's dynamic variety of Changchun City by system dynamic mode. It draws a conclusion that immigrant population made a great contribution to increasing of Changchun City's population.Furthermore,the immigrant rate,the increasing rate of employment post,the house increasing rate and bearing index of women are sensitive variables which affect the population greatly.By controlling these variables,the methods which the emphases include controlling immigrant rate's transforming economic development mode's, improving work efficiency and adjusting the structure of labour are put forward. The progress trend of the population system under these countermeasures was also simulated.

Problems and coutermeasures in management of nature reserves in China

YU Jiuhua, WU Lifang

2003, (4):  111-115. 

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Management of nature reserves in China is highly emphasised in China. It is developing fast in these years and substantial progress has been achieved. The management strategy is still in the primary stage with problems and difficulties. Based on more than ten years working experience, the authors analysed the problems and presented their advices, on how to construct and manage the nature preservation zones.

Ecological risk analysis of regional landscape in inland river watershed of arid area-a case study of Sangong River Basin in Fukang

CHEN Peng, PAN Xiaoling

2003, (4):  116-120. 

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In this paper, Sangong River Basin in Fukang was selected for case study. The landscape ecological characteristics of the inland river watershed of arid area were analyzed. Based on the landscape structure, the authors brought forward indexes and formulas to measure landscape damage degree and risk value of ecosystem. The system sampling method was used to make it a spatial variance, and the semivariagram analysis and block Kriging were conducted to explore the spatial characteristics and distribution of landscape ecological risk in the study area. The results indicated that the ecological risk in the study area tends to extend, and three belt areas with high ecological risk were formed in this region. Based on the results, the most important regions of eco environmental protection in the study area were determined, and the management countermeasures of eco environmental protection and strategies were put forward.

Way of landscape ecology for construction of human onhabitation and settlement environment-a case study of Xi'an city

LI Tuansheng, LIU Zhemin

2003, (4):  121-124. 

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Human inhabitation and settlement environment construction is increasingly valued.But due to lack of ecological sense, the human inhabitation and settlement environment are not improved.Landscape ecology stresses the interaction between landscape spatial pattern and its ecological function,and can guide the construction of human inhabitation and settlement environment.This paper describes problems that should be paid attention to in the construction of human inhabiation and settlement,and the construction in Xi'an was taken as a case study.

Landscape changes and landscape designs of Huanghai coast ecotone in Liaoning Province

LIU Yue, CHENG Yan

2003, (4):  125-128. 

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The landscape of Huanghai coast in Liaoning Province has changed greatly since ten years. Many landscapes among them were formed by human purposeful activities and management.The landscape designs can be regarded as its changes which have happened or will happen. According to the different coast ecotone types, the different landscape patterns in this area were designed in this paper.