Table of Content

10 December 2003, Volume 22 Issue 6

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Changes of species diversity at different cultivation intensities of bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens)forest

ZHENG Chengyang, HE Jianyuan, LUO Chunmao, FANG Yanhong

2003, (6):  1-6. 

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Plant community composition and species diversity were described in the different cultivation intensities of bamboo forest in Fujian Wuyishan National Nature Reserve. The data was compared with that of three types of natural vegetation(evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, bamboo and coniferous/broad-leaved mixed forest). The results showed that great composition changes of the tree layer, the shrub layer and the herb layer were observed at different stages of bamboo cultivation, which involved the loss of many species in the tree layer such as Fagaceae, Lauraceae and Pinaceae. Species diversity of the tree layer decreased, while those of the shrub layer and herb layer increased differently along with the purified stages of bamboo cultivation. Species diversities of the shrub layer and herb layer were greatly influenced by the tree layer. β diversity corresponded to the change rate of species along the cultivation intensity gradient of bamboo forest. The lowest value of Sorenson index and the highest value of Cody index of the tree layer were recorded from type Ⅱ of the bamboo mixed forest(c, 25% ≤ bamboo < 50%)to type Ⅰ of the bamboo mixed forest(b, 50% ≤bamboo < 75%). Most of the tree species had lost their distribution during this stage. To this point of view, it is very important for the Reserve to take action to protect the species diversity and control the loss of tree species before the stage of occurrence.

Nutrient characteristics of stemflow and throughfall in evergreen broad-leaved forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation forest

YU Xiaojun, WANG Silong, DENG Shijian, ZHANG Xiuyong

2003, (6):  7-11. 

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Concentrations of major nutrients in stemflow and throughfall in evergreen broad-leaved forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation forest were analysed. The results showed that concentrations of the nutrients in both stemflow and throughfall changed seasonally. The nutrients were enriched in stemflow and throughfall, and the enrichment of nutrients in stemflow was higher than that in throughfall. Among all analsyed nutrients, the concentration was found highest for K⁺,Ca²⁺ and NO₃^-, middle for Na⁺ and Mg²⁺, and lowest for HPO₄^2-. Compared with throughfall, stemflow was significantly acidified. In addition, the nutrient characteristics of stemflow for different tree species differed significantly. The total concentration of nutrients in stemflow was found highest in Cinnamomum camphora and Liquidambar formosana, middle in Machilus pauhoi, and lowest in Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Castanopsis hystrix.

Sustainable management model of shelterbelts/windbreaks in the shelternets systemⅡ—Application

FAN Zhiping, ZENG Dehui, ZHU Jiaojun, JIANG Fengqi, TANG Qingsong, NIU Jixiang

2003, (6):  12-16. 

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Taking square shelternets as a studying object, sustainable management model of shelterbelts/windbreaks in the shelternets system was constructed to express the quantitative relationship between functional aim of shelternets system and elements of spatio-temporal structure state of shelternets, by analyzing elements of spatio-temporal structure state of shelternets such as management scale, regeneration ability, regeneration age of shelterbelt and regeneration pattern. In this paper, the model validity was tested to testify the practicability of the model firstly. Then, the model was applied in the poplar networks on the study site, Shaobing Village of Changtu County, Liaoning Province. The spatial position of regeneration belts and the dynamic process of the whole shelternets structure were calculated, as well as the age sturcture and transfering series of spatial distribution of age in shelternets at every management stage. The results showed that application of this model would improve the management of shelterbelts, which could form the sustainable state and conquer the disadvantage of instable protection effects in traditional management.

Physiological characteristics of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica seedlings at different irrigation treatments

LI Xuehua, JIANG Deming, LUO Yongming, LI Rongping

2003, (6):  17-20. 

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The physiological process and the mechanism of drought-resistance of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica seedlings were studied at different irrigation levels. The results showed that of photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, leaf temperature and other water status index varied regularly with the different irrigation levels. Irrigation levels of 409.2 and 189.2mm had obvious effect on the seedlings.The difference of effect on seedlings between 409.2 and 321.2mm or between 321.2 and 189.2mm was not obvious. The mechanism of drought-relief of the seedlings was anti-dehyration.

Spatial distribution of vegetation in Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve based on RS and GIS data

ZHANG Wanqiu, LI Xianhua, LUO Qingzhou, ZHANG Weimin, ZHAO Jun, SHAN Yongbing

2003, (6):  21-27. 

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The paper discussed the spatial distribution of vegetation in Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve. RS and GIS method provided a macans investigating the relationship between the dominant topographic factors(elevation,aspect,and slope)and the distribution of vegetation. The result quantitatively expressed the spatial distribution of vegetation in the study area. Some distribution paterns were concluded and explained. The study provided useful information for the management of Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve.

Structure of forest communities on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain and its variation along elevation gradients

JIANG Ping, ZHAO Guang, YE Ji, CUI Guofa, DENG Hongbing

2003, (6):  28-32. 

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The structure of thirteen forest communities from 700～1900m along the northern slope of Changbai Mountain was studied. The results showed that composition of dominant tree species and layer structure displayed the transitional tendency from complexity to simplicity with the increase of elevation. The proportion of coniferous species obviously increased and broad-leaved trees decreased from elevation 700～1700m. At timberline, coniferous and broad-leaved species sharply decreased and species obviously subrogated along altitude gradient. The peak value of average DBH and basal area in the community appeared at elevation segment of 900～1100m and 1600m. The two elevation segments were exactly the transitional zone of different forest communities. Except for Betula ermanii forest at 1800m, the structure of diameter class in other communities took on toppled “J" Shape. Namely, among tree species of each diameter class, updated seedlings and saplings predominated quantitatively. With the increase of DBH, the numbers of stumpage decreased gradually. The structure of diameter class showed that communities at each elevation on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain updated well and communities were in the status of stable development.

Redundancy and adaptation of flowers of scarlet Phaseolus coccineusand and Vicia faba

LI Yanling, DANG Chenglin

2003, (6):  33-37. 

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A study on the redundancy and adaptation of the flowers of both Phaseolus coccineus and Vicia faba was conducted by nipping some flowers, which simulated natural disturbances. The experiment showed that time redundancy of inflorescences and flowers and quantitative redundancy of flowers ensured that P. coccineusand and V. faba have some inflorescences and flowers which could avoid the disturbances of environmental factors and thus bear legumes. The percentage of valid flowers of control and treatment of P. coccineusare were both 2.2%. However, the percentage of valid inflorescences of treatment of P. coccineusis was 29.0%, which was nearly twice that of control(15.9%). As for V. faba, the mean number of legumes per plant of control was 3.1; the treatment by which the flowers of the earlier stage were nipped, was 3.2; and the treatment by which the legumes of the earlier stage were nipped,was 3.1. According to the experiment, the middle and upper flowers of an inflorescence of P. coccineusand and the smaller flowers of an inflorescence of V. faba, which usually wither and appear self-thinning were so-called'invalid flowers'. However, when they were maintained with the other flowers of the same inflorescence being nipped, they could bear legumes. The experiment also showed that the mean number of legumes per inflorescence of P. coccineus and that of broad bean did not increase, though enough nutrient had been provided for plant growth.There for nutrient was not a limitation foctor for an individual plant to give birth to plenty of invalid flowers. In conclusion, plenty of invalid flowers of P. coccineusand and V. fabaare were not a waste but an adaptation to random natural disturbances. Time redundancy of inflorescences and flowers and quantitative redundancy of flowers of P. coccineusand and V. faba play a key role in the survival and reproduction of a plant and the continuance of a population.

Ecological role of weeds conserved in orchard in red soil hilly area during hot-dry season

CHEN Xin, TANG Jianjun, FANG zhiguo, FAN Xinghai

2003, (6):  38-42. 

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A study on ecological role of weeds conserved in orchard was conducted in the red soil hilly area of southern China during 1998～2001. Compared with the plots covered with weeds(no weeding, mowing and weed strip), a marked increase in soil temperature and a reduction in soil moisture, microbial biomass C, activity of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms and VAMF spore numbers were recorded in the plots weeded by hand and herbicide during the hot-dry season. No significant difference in soil temperature, microbial biomass C, activity of phosphorus solubilization microorganism and VAMF spore numbers was found among the three methods of weeds conserved. In the no weedy plot the growth of young trees were influenced by weeds because the higher weed species competed with young trees for light. It was suggested that mowing and weed strip were better ways to conserve weeds in orchards of hilly area.

Comparative analysis on spatial patterns of soil moisture under different land use types in Kerqin sandy land

CHEN Fusheng, ZENG Dehui, CHEN Guangsheng, FAN Zhiping

2003, (6):  43-48. 

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Spatial patterns of soil moisture for a grassland and an arable land in eastern Kerqin sandy land were studied by means of geostatistics. The results showed that soil rnoisture could be well expressed by a spherical model in grassland at both 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm layers. The spatial corelation coefficient, range and fractal dimension were 0.979 and 0.999, 11.57 m and 19.41 m, and 1.571 and 1.535 at 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm layers, respectively. In arable land, spherical and linier model could be expressed by semivariogram for soil moisture at 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm layers. The spatial correlation coefficient, range and fractal dimension were 0.344 and 0.914, 7.67 m and 9.31 m,1.571 and 1.535 at 0～10 cm and 10～20 cm layers, respectively. Moran’s Is and Kriging maps expressed the spatial structure characters in detail. Grassland had higher soil moisture content and spatial heterogeneity, closer spatial autorelation and dependence, and regular pattern, while arable land had lower soil moisture contents and spatial heterogeneity, looser spatial autorelation and dependence, and serious fragmentation (especially at 0～10 cm layer) . Analysis indicated that agricultural cultivation might cause wind erosion, desertification and loss of productivity of sandy land. Therefore, the arable sandy land should be returned into grassland to conserve and restore the health of sandy land ecosystem.

Effect of the Lasisus flavus in Songnen grassland on structure and biomass of the Leymus Chinensis community

LI Qingxin, SHENG Lianxi, ZHOU Daowei, ZHANG Yan

2003, (6):  49-52. 

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The author studied the Leymus chinensis community and the Leymus Chinensis+Chloris virgata community under the influence of the dominant soil animal colony Lasisus flavus. The results revealed a vegetation compostion change by Lasisus flavus. The density of the Leymus chinensis in the two communities became higher, and the fruit was less, but heavier. Under the influence, the height of Leymus chinensis and Swartz became higher clearly, and so was the aboveground biomass and underground biomass.

Time budget of breeding behaviors of Amur tiger in Heilongjiang Amur Tiger Park

TENG Liwei, LIU Zhensheng, LI Feng, JIANG Guangshun, LIU Dan, ZHOU Xiaoyu, GUO Yurong

2003, (6):  53-56. 

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Observations on breeding behaviors of Amur tiger were made at Heilongjiang Amur Tiger Park, Harbin from October 1998 to 2000,with random and instantaneous scanning sampling methods. During different phases, there were clear variations in behaviors of Amur tiger. The time budget of male and female Amur tiger were similar during rutting periods(P>0.05). Amur tiger spent most time in moving, more time in rutting, copulating and other behaviors, and less time in resting. During gestation periods, it spent more time in resting, moving, and less time in eating, standing, social and other behaviors. During parturition periods, it spent most time in resting, more time in moving, giving birth and other behaviors, and less time in eating. During nursing periods, it spent most time in resting, more time in nursing, moving, and less time in eating and other behaviors. For Amur tiger of 0～100 days, it spent most time in resting, more time in moving, eating, and less time in other behaviors. In activity rhythm, there were more significant differences in intensity, onset and duration of various behaviors. Resting and moving behaviors(P<0.001)showed more significant changes in different phases, and eating behavior(P<0.05)showed significant changes. In contrast, other behaviors(P>0.05)showed no significant changes.

Ecological restoration engineering technology of eutrophic lake—A case study of Lake Wuliangsuhai in Inner Mongolia

SHANG Shiyou, DU Jianmin, LI Xuying, SHEN Qingtai, WANG Limin

2003, (6):  57-62. 

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An experimental plot was established at Lake Wuliangsuhai in Inner Mongolia, a typical plant eutrophic lake, where a series of ecological environment restoration experiments were carried out on a large scale. The results indicated that the implementation of the submerged plant harvesting and the garden-style ecological management of the reed was an important measure to restore the ecological environment of the plant eutrophic lake. To harvest submerged plant by mechanical means would cut down the accumulation and release of inner nutrient loads, reduce re-pollution, restrict the deposition effect of living things and meliorate the environment of water body in the lake. To control the process of reed spread by mechanization technology and open up the ventilation channel and waterway in the reed growing area may reconstruct a green natural landscape of the lake and speed up the water circulation in the lake. Reasonable adoption of the ecological restoration engineering technology in a planned way will not only lessen the burden of the lake from ecological evolution and postpone the process of marshland formation, but also exploit the aquatic plant resources and make the comprehensive utilization of the environment and wetland of the lake for sustainable development.

Isozyme analysis technology and its application in plant research

ZOU Chunjing, SHENG Xiaofeng, HAN Wenqing, XU Wenduo

2003, (6):  63-69. 

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Isozyme exists almost in all individuals and all organisms. It is the important research field of biochemistry and molecular ecology. This paper described the characteristics of isozyme analysis technology, and its application in research on plant systematics and plant physiologyical ecology,and especially in research on spruce.

Review on the ecological relationships between forest trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi

ZHU Jiaojun, XU Hui, XU Meiling, KANG Hongzhang

2003, (6):  70-76. 

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Microorganisms exist in almost every process of ecosystems,of which,one of the most important functional microorganism groups is mycorrhizal fungus. Generally,most plant species form a kind of symbiosis with beneficial fungi,which is called mycorrhiza. Mycorrhiza is considered as such a fundamental part of plants that most species could not survive in nature without it. Mycorrhiza can be classified into about seven types according to kind of fungus,kind of host plant,and morphology of the interface,which belong to three groups,i.e.,ectomycorrhiza(EM),endomycorrhiza(VAM),and ecten-endomycorrhiza. Most of ectomycorrhizal host plants are tree species in families of pine,oak and etc. EM fungi form hyphae a mantle of interwoven fungal on the surface of the fine roots and a Hartig's net, between the cells in the root. EM fungi have been applied in forest management and silviculture. The research on interactions between EM fungi and trees can be summarized as follows: 1)Growth response of trees to EM fungi; 2)Effects of EM fungi on biodiversity,stability and productivity of forest; 3)Ecological-comprehensive effects of EM on forest system such as increasing the effective survival of trees,improving soil structure and soil microbiology,and resisting to invasion by exotic plant species; 4)Antagonism of EM fungi to pathogens of roots. Further research EM should include:1)Mechanism of symbiosis between EM and tree roots; 2)The effects of EM fungi on degraded forest ecosystem and the application in restoration of degraded ecosystem; 3)Relationships between distribution pattern of EM fungi and service functions of forest ecosystem; and 4)Comprehensive impacts of EM fungi on forest ecosystem.

Discussion on the conversion from ecosystem services to marketplaces

CHEN Yuanquan, GAO Wangsheng

2003, (6):  77-80. 

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Ecosystem services are basic for human living, and their values are very huge. However, present valuation on ecosystem services are based on hypothetical market. How to develop realistic market for ecosystem services, convert value of ecosystem services to marketplace, is more essential for environmental conservation and regional economic development. In this paper, we firstly developed a concept of conversion, which was defined as the value of ecosystem services when accessing to marketplaces(Va)through developing realistic market. Conversion rate(Cr)was the proportion of values that could be accepted by marketplaces in the gross values(Vg). Then, we analyzed the conversion rate of ecosystem services values in different world and in China.

Effects of mycorrhiza and roots exudates on resistance of plants to heavy metals

ZHAO Zhongqiu, CUI Yujing, ZHU Yongguan

2003, (6):  81-84. 

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For many years, the studies resistance of plants to heavy metals have been focused on the metabolizable regulation and control. It was found that the rhizosphere had a great influence on resistance of plants to heavy metals, and recent studies were focmed on the relationship of mycorrhizal fungi and roots exudates resistance of plants to heavy metals. This paper reviewed the advance of study on the effects of mycorrhizal fungi and roots exudates on resistance of plants to heavy metals and the possible mechanism, and previewed the study and application foreground in this field.

Characteristics and the issues of bio-safety for the plant biodiversity in Fujian

HUANG Yixiong, CHA Xuan

2003, (6):  85-90. 

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Plant biodiversity was assessed for Fujian Province from three aspects:species diversity,genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity.The primary bio-safety influencing factors were suggested for plant biodiversity in Fujian Province.The plant biodiversity in Fujian was abundant.Many species were from tropical and sub-topical families and genus,with ancient origionation.There were also many native Chinese species which are on the list of nationally protected important species.The main problems influencing bio-safety included the continuous shrink of broad-leaved forest,the decrease of general quality of forest resources,the increase of the proportion of endangered wild plants, the heavily destroyed ancient trees, and deteriorated exotic species invation.

Application of dendrochronology in global change research

YU Dapao, ZHOU Li, DAI Limin, WANG Qingli, LIU Mingguo

2003, (6):  91-96. 

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Complicated correlations exist between tree-ring width, density, image analysis, relative isotope composition, and climatic factors,such as temperature, humidity and the change of atmosphere component, etc. Research methods of dendrochronology and application in global climate change, air pollution, reconstructing concentration of air CO₂ were summarized in this paper. Existing questions in global change study or disputed problems were also discussed. In addition, the future trends of tree ring study in global change research were prospected.

Research advance and index system of rural landscape evaluation

XIE Hualin, LIU Liming

2003, (6):  97-101. 

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Along with China joining in WTO, the environment of rural area would be more open and countryside would face changes that never happened before. Rural landscape evaluation as one of the basic tasks in rural landscape planning and designing,to establish an index system that incorperate economical value, social value, ecological value and aesthetical value of rural landscape becomes fundamental. In this paper,research advances on rural landscape evaluation in China and abroad were summarized. Based on three hierarchical functions of rural landscape, an evaluation index system of rural landscape was designed. The index system included social effects, ecological quality and aesthetical effects.

Response of animal to the environmental heterogeneity

ZHANG Xiaoai, LI Mingcai, YI Xianfeng, ZHAO liang

2003, (6):  102-108. 

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This paper reviewed the essential concepts of the environmental heterogeneity and responsive patterns of animals, such as patch definition, grain response, ecological neighborhood, and the effects of patchy environments on animal population distribution.

Cannotation and modern analysis method for active soil organic matter(carbon)

WANG Jing, XIE Hongtu, ZHU Ping, LI Xiaoyun

2003, (6):  109-112. 

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It is considered that active soil organic matter had influence on soil nutrient, plant growth, environment, atmosphere and human kind. Various technical terms and index were used for active soil organic matter in modern soil study. But their analysis methods were not systemic. These technical terms and index related to active soil organic matter, for example, dissolved organic carbon and water soluble carbon, available carbon, mineralized carbon, easy oxidation carbon, microbial biomass carbon, light fraction carbon and so on.

Seasonal dynamics of the relative abundance of arthropod communities in peach orchards

BI Shoudong, ZHOU Xiazhi, LI Lei, DING Chengcheng, GAO Caiqiu, ZOU Yunding

2003, (6):  113-116. 

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The arthropod community was divided into four kinds of function communities phytophages,predators,parasitorids and neutralities, by the standard of nutrition and hunting.The relative abundance of these function communities was calculated.The shifting trend of relative abundance of predators was similar to the phytophages. Therefore the predators were important natural enemy that influenced phytophages at each growth period.

Effect of doubled CO₂, and O₃ on chlorophyll content of soybean

ZHAO Tianhong, SHI Yi, WANG Chunyi, HUANG Guohong

2003, (6):  117-120. 

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Variation of chlorophyll content and chl_a/b in leaves of soybean under doubled CO₂ concentration and O₃ concentration as well as their interactive effect were studied in open-top champers(OTC). The results showed that there were differences in chlorophyll content in leaves of soybean during different growth periods. The trends of low-high-low of chl_a, chl_b, and chl_T were observed. Variations among different treatments showed that the most obvious decrease of chlorophyll content was under O₃ treatment and the next was interactive effect, while doubled CO₂ concentration took some function to increase chlorophyll content. Chl_a/b decreased, most obviously under doubled CO₂. This would be helpful to improve the capacity of photosynthesis of crops.

Correlation of lunar phase to the peak dates of light catches of two rice borer species

SHENG Chengfa, SHENG Ru, WANG Hongtuo, XUAN Weijian

2003, (6):  121-123. 

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Based on regular and circular analysis of the data collected from China during 1950's, lunar phase was found significantly correlated to the peak dates of light-trapped adults of the yellow rice borer, Tryporyza incertulas and rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis. The mean angles of peak dates of the yellow rice borer and rice stem borer corresponded to 0:45 on the 26 th day(P<0.001)and 23:53 on the 24th day(P<0.001)in lunar months, respectively, and were not significantly different between the two borer species(P>0.25). For the data pooled together, the mean angle of peak date of the two borer species corresponded to 11:36 on the 25th day.

Micro-topographical element-“Biogenic Structure" and spatial distribution of meiofauna on the tidal flat

YUAN Xingzhong, LU Jianjian

2003, (6):  124-126. 

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The habitat heterogeneity induced by micro-topographical element has important effects on the spatial heterogeneity of meiofauna. on the high salt marsh of the southern bank of the yangtze estuary, Biogenic structures such as Phragmites culms and Sesarma dehaaniburrows provided variations in surface topography, and Phragmites rhizomes and roots added structural heterogeneity to the subsurface environment. on the high marsh of the estuary, nematodes and copepodes were numerically the most abundant meiofauna taxon,while the micro-polychaete, oligochaetes, ostracods and kinorhynchs were less abundant components. There were significantly more total meiofauna in samples taken between plants than in samples from around plants. The meiofaunal density in samples taken around crab burrows was higher than that in samples from between crab burrows. Analysis for four different habitats demonstrated that all samples contained the majority of meiofauna in the top 1.0 cm fraction of sediment. Meiofauna's aggregation to the sediment surface and the spatial heterogeneity may relate to many factors, such as biogenic structure, food availability, seasonal change of predation and oxygen limitations in the deeper fraction of sediments. Biogenic structures significantly affected meiofaunal distribution and must be taken into account when quantifying meiofauna in areas with much structural heterogeneity.

Validation of spatially explicit landscape model

XU Chonggang, HU Yuanman, JIANG Yan, CHANG Yu, LI Xiuzhen, BU Rencang, HE Hongshi

2003, (6):  127-131. 

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The spatially explicit landscape modeling is a now highlighted concern in the study of landscape ecology. Spatially explicit landscape models are designed to simulate ecological processes at landscape scale on heterogeneous landscapes. Their outputs include both non-spatial data and spatial data. Thus, spatially explicit landscape model validation not only includes non-spatial data validation but also spatial data validation, which is a great challenge for traditional validation method developed from the validation of non-spatial data. In this paper, we reviewed the development of spatially explicit Landscape models and the available methods for spatially explicit Land scape model validation. The key area of future study on spatially explicit landscape model validation was also identified.

Application of geostatistic software in pest management

LU Zhaozhi, BAO Anming, CHEN Xi, MA Yingjie, SHEN Zuorui

2003, (6):  132-136. 

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Taking the case of cotton aphid, a main pest in cotton, the geostatistic application of Surfer and Variowin was introduced in pest management. Data-input, figure-display, model-calculation and data-share were key techniques in Surfer and Variowin. The pospect of geostatistic in pest management was analyzed and evaluated.

The relationchip between tussach production and ecological environment

WANG Wenhang, PU Ying

2003, (6):  137-139. 

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Through analysis on the relation ships between the biological features of oak trees in the tussach silkmoths nursery, the plant structure, silkmoths production course and ecological environment, as well as the damage reasons of nurseries in the whole Liaoning Province, it was considered that tussach silkmoths production had no harm to the ecological environment. The production course of tussach silkmoths is the course of construction, and improvement of ecological environment. Tussach silkmoths industry is an environment protection industry and has remarkable economic, ecological and social benefit. In the mean time, suggestions were given on further enhancing the construction of tussach silkmoths nursery and realizing the sustainable development of tussach silkmoths industry in Liaoning Province.

Impact of road renovation projecton around Urumqi on suburban eco-environment

XU Yan, ZHOU Huarong, LI Xinqi

2003, (6):  140-143. 

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According to circumstances of the reconstruction project roads surrounding Urumqi, this paper studied the environment impact induced by the project. Three roads and nearby landscapes along them would be changed. Land acquisition, green land reduction, and trench line would affect the environment. The transportation of the local people would be affected. Suggestions and measures on improving the environment quality were put forward.

Present situation and strategies for eco-agriculture development on purple hilly land

LI Qilin, LIU Guangde, HUANG Yun

2003, (6):  144-146. 

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Based on the analysis on present situation and limitation factors on purple hilly land near Chongqing city countermeasures for eco-agriculture construction were put forward: to harness water and soil run off by popularizing tillagel; to improve water conservantion facilities against disaster; to exploit synthesis skills for small cathments; to develop vertical eco-agriculture; to apply dry tillage water saving irrigation technology; to combine plant, breeding and gas production together; and to combine agriculture with tourism.

Causes of flooding and waterlogging disasters in the Dongting Lake region and some countermeasures

LIU Shiyu, ZHAO Xiaomin

2003, (6):  147-151. 

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Based on the general situation of flooding and waterlogging disasters in the Dongting Lake region, this paper analysized their causes, such as sediment deposition and excessive land reclamation at the lake marshes. Flooding out of the protective embankments and waterlogging in the farming fields existed at the same time. Coordinating agencies and integration of management were needed.Some countermeasures were put forward, such as regulating slope land usage structure, restoring vegetation in mountainous areas, constructing flooding and waterlogging resistant compound ecosystem, building flood-diversion and storage area, harmonizing the relationships between mankind and Land and between mankind and lake.

A method of assessment about the synthetic impacts of tourism in Baishuitai

XIAO Youxing, MING Qingzhong

2003, (6):  152-156. 

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Due to lack of method for assessment about the synthetic impact of tourism, this paper provided a semi-quantitative method and applied it in Baishuitai. On the basis of the local people's attitudes about the impact of tourism in society, economy and environment with an investigation questionnaire, result of the synthetic impact of tourism was obtained.

Technology of eco-agricultural tourism for water-soil conservation—Case study of Mulao, Nanchong

YAN Xianchun, SU Zhixian

2003, (6):  157-161. 

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The situation of water and soil loss in Jialing River catchment is becoming a vital problem of agri-ecology. In order to control it, this project brought up “the eco-agriculture tourism" technology.The main technology was to plant economic fruit trees, supplemented with vegetables, flowers,and grasses to restore vegetation covering, and supported by agro-tourism and farmer-training. It resulted in good social and economic benefits. Through the research in the experimental area and the area involved, this project brought up the principles we should insist on and the problems we should avoid.

Community ecology in a typical near natural urban forest

HE Xingyuan, CHEN Wei, XU Wenduo, LIU Changfu, ZHU Wenquan, JIN Yingshan, ZHANG Yue

2003, (6):  162-168. 

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Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences was established 1955, and located in the business and cultural center of Shenyang. It has introduced 546 woody plant species in Northeastern China, which belong to 118 genus and 51 families. With natural regeneration, it has become a multi-generation and multi-stratum near natural-forest community. Based on plant community ecology, this paper studied the species composition and floristic characteristics, life type and stratum structure, vertical structure and stratification, horizontal structure and mosaic, natural regeneration and development, and the habitation and conservation of wild lives. The forest community in this Arboretum is a typical near natural urban forest in Northeastern China.

Principles and methods for developing urban forest

CHEN Wei, HU Zhibin, SU Daoyan, SUN Yu

2003, (6):  169-172. 

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By reviewing the development of urban forest, seven principles for building urban forest were put forward in this paper. The ecological network composed of point, line and polygon is the right way to build urban forest. Two successful models for establishing urban forest were recommended.

Relation-ship between the selection of urban forest species and climate in Northeastern China

ZHANG Yue, CHEN Wei, HE Xingyuan, SU Daoyan, SUN Yu

2003, (6):  173-176. 

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Kira's warmth index(WI)and Xu Wenduo's humidity index(HI)were used to stndy their relationships with the distributions of the 53 tree species in 233 weather stations in Northeastern China. The results showsed that the WI range of the main species was from 33.5 to 93.6℃ per month and the HI value was from 5.9 to 10.6 mm·℃^-1·month. When the WI value reaches 70℃ per month and the HI value reaches 7.5 mm·℃^-1 for per month, the distribution range of 53 species can be divided into two zones. Finally, we divided five urban forest types in Northeastern China: 1)cold-temperate wet forest type, 2)temperate wet forest type, 3)warm-temperate wet forest type, 4)semi-wet temperate forest type, and 5)semi-wet warm-temperate forest type.

Survival conditions of Metaseqnoia glyptostroboides in Shenyang city of China

CHEN Wei, HE Xingyuan, WANG Wenfei, XU Wenduo, ZHANG Yue, NING Zhuhua

2003, (6):  177-180. 

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Metasequoia glyptostroboides is a rare and relic species. Its original habitat is at the adjoining area of Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan provinces. Shenyang is the northernmost introducing region for it. This paper studied the survival status of some individuals planted at the Shenyang Arboretum, which is located at 41°46′N and 123°26′E. The relationship between growth ring and ecological factors and the comparison between them and the individuals at the original habitat were studied.

Development and application of urban forest management information system(UFMIS)based on CITYgreen model

HU Zhibin, HE Xingyuan, LI Yuehui, SUN Yu, NING Zhuhua

2003, (6):  181-185. 

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Using Avenue, the Arc View 3.2 development language, urban forest management information system(UFMIS)based on CITYgreen model was built.It can be applied in urban forest structure research and eco-benefits analysis. As a case, Shenyang urban forest structure and eco-benefits were studied.