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Table of Content

    10 February 2004, Volume 23 Issue 01
    Vegetation actuality and its recovery in the outer space of extremly-arid area oasis-taking Qira County for example
    DING Jianli, PAN Xiaoling, ZHU Qijiang, HUANG Peiyou
    2004, (1):  1-4. 
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    The outer space of oasis plays an important role in transferring between oasis and desert.Vegetation is an important part in ecological system and indicating certain landscapes. Based on several times field investigation, this paper put forward feasible measures for vegetation recovery according to the current condition of study area. In order to improve the local ecological environment, more protection forest should be established,along with other ecological techniques.Results derived from this study contribute largely to the ecological environment preservation of oasis.
    Possible mechanism of inhibition on photosynthesis of Lycium barbarum under salt stress
    HUI Hongxia, XUXing, LI Shouming
    2004, (1):  5-9. 
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    Using different concentrations of salt treating Lycium barbarum seedlings, the photosynthetic rate and other physiological indexes of leaves were measured at different growth stages. The results showed that under salt stress, the photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters Fm, Fv, Fm/Fo, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm of leaves decreased, while the soluble carbohydrate and polysaccharides of Lycium barbarum increased. The intercellular CO2 concentration showed a trend from decrease to increase, but the Ls increased at first, and then decreased. Changes of the Ci and Ls showed that the decline of photosynthetic rate of Lycium barbraum was mainly caused by temporary stomatal limitations.In the long run, in long time, it was caused by nonstomatal limitations.Changes of other physiological indexes and significant correlations between them and Pn showed that the multiple reactions of these physiologic characteristics determined the photosynthesis declination of Lycium barbarum under salt stress. The results also indicated that the photosynthesis of Lycium barbarum was inhibited insignificantly under the soil salt content below 0.5%, which suggested that there were certain salt tolerance of Lycium barbarum.
    Biological characteristics and ecological adaptability for non-indigenous mangrove species Sonneratia apetala
    LIAO Baowen, ZHENG Songfa, CHENG Yujun, LI Mei, LI Yide
    2004, (1):  10-15. 
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    The paper described in detail the morphology, geographical distribution, biological characteristics (including phenology, seed quality, seedling growth, antiadversity, seedling diffusibility and intraspecific competition) and adaptability of ecological factors (such as temperature, illumination, salinity, tide mudflat and soil) of Sonneratia apetala according to investigated data in recent years and collected information at home and abroad. The paper also analysed the probability of ecological invasion and put forward a suggestion. It will provide a theoretical basis for further investigation on the ecological effects and reasonable development and utilization of non-indigenous mangrove species S. apetala in China in the future.
    Response of sustainable capacity of regional environment for land use change in the lower reaches of Yangtze River
    ZHENG Guoqiang, JIANG Nan, LIU Zhaode
    2004, (1):  16-19. 
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    The sustainable capacity of regional environment is the important basis for harmonization between regional environment system and social economic development. Lower reaches of Yangtze River as a case, the paper studied the changes and impact factors of the taking the sustainable capacity of regional environment. Based on the analysis of land use change, the paper constructed the index system and model for the area. It also discussed the trend of the sustainable capacity of regional environment and its response to land use change in the lower reaches of Yangtze River from 1995 to 2000.
    Differences of time budget and activity rhythm of captive and semi-free Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)
    LIU Zhensheng, TENG Liwei, LI Feng, BI Xiaofeng, WANG Ping
    2004, (1):  20-23. 
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    Time budget and activity rhythm of captive and semi-free Amur tiger were studied at Harbin Zoo and Heilongjiang Amur tiger Park located in Harbin respectively from March 1998 to April 2001. All occurrence recording, instantaneous and scanning sampling and focal animal sampling methods were employed. Behaviors of each tiger were recorded every 5 minutes in each observation day. Six types of behavior were identified for the animals, i.e., moving, resting, eating, standing, and other behaviors during the study. Amur tiger spent more time in resting behaviors in captivity than those in semi-free situation. However, Amur tiger spent less time in eating, standing and other behaviors. Whether in captivity or semi-free situation, Amur tiger spent similar time in moving behaviors.Both captive and semi-free Amur tiger had two activity peak periods in one day.The peak periods in captivity centered on a narrow range and varied greatly. There was one significant resting peak periods and two uncertain peak periods in semi-free Amur tiger, while only one peak periods in captive Amur tiger. Eating behaviors of captive Amur tiger only occurred from 16:00 to 17:00. Conversely, semi-free Amur tiger had intermittent eating behaviors that occurred two peaks periods from 9:00 to 11:00 and from 14:00 to 16:00 during one day. Standing and other behaviors in captivity and semi-free environment were similar. Tigers in different environment showed stronger significant differences in time that was spent on resting, eating, standing and other behaviors (P<0.001).
    Regeneration of Phellodendron amurense and its deed dispersal by frugivorous birds
    LU Changhu, CHANG Jiachuan, XU Qing
    2004, (1):  24-29. 
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    Regeneration and seed dispersal of Phellodendron amurense by frugivorous birds were studied at Maoershan and Harbin Forest Experiment Farms. Nine species of frugivorous birds fed on P. amurense fruits, while six of them were pulp-eating birds and three of them were seed-eating birds. Six species, which ate the whole fruits and defecated the seeds unhurt, were seed dispersers. The other three species were seed predators.Retention time of P. amurense fruits in the digestive systems of dispersers was between20 and 30min. That means a long potential dispersing distance. The germination experiment of three groups of seeds (ingested seeds, extracted seeds and intact fruits) was compared, and cumulative germination showed no significant difference among them. Bird ingestion had no significant effect on seed germination of P. amurense fruits. The result also showed that no germination inhibitor existed in pulp.P. amurense fruits provides many frugivorous species with pulp, and bird species also feed on many other fleshy-fruit plants. The refor mutualism exists between many species of birds and plants.
    Component changes of humic substances and heavy metal distribution before and after sewage sludge composting
    ZHANG Xueying, ZHOU Shungui, ZHOU Lixiang, WONG J. W. C, WU Qitang
    2004, (1):  30-33. 
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    Molecular size distribution of humic substance before and after sludge composting was investigated by dialysis and Sephadex Gel-75 chromatography. Cu and Zn in each fractions of different molecular size were also determined. The results showed that after composting, the content of low molecular size fraction with molecular weight cut off <1000 Da in humic substance decreased by 64% while high molecular size fraction with >25000 Da increased by 68%. The evidence from the Gel-75 chromatography also further confirmed that the content of the higher molecular size fraction with >2000 KDa in composted sludge was 2.3 times higher than that of non-composted sludge. In the different fractions of humic substance, Cu was found to be more favorably bound with high molecular size fraction, but Zn was easily associated with low molecular size fraction.
    Environmental disaster issues induced by coal exploitation in Shenfu-Dongsheng coal field
    WANG Wenlong, LI Zhanbin, ZHANG Pingcang
    2004, (1):  34-38. 
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    Shenfu-Dongsheng coal field is located in the fragile eco-environment belt of the wind-water erosion crisscrossing region in northwestern Shanxi, northern Shanxi,and southern Inner Mongolia. Environmental destruction in the coal exploitation was so severe that safe production had been threatened. With large quantity of waste soil and residue piled up in the course of river and ditch way, water and soil loss both remarkably rose.Seepage of the groundwater and water level decrease by 2~3 m, even runoff cutting-off were causedby the 8 hm2 ground sink in Daliuta coal mine zone.Great quantity of plant death, land should be piled for desertification, landslip and mud-rock occurred frequently.River sediment ation after the coal development was 5 times as thick as that before coal development. Proportion of thick sand in the river increased. River cross section reduced by 37.6%, and the ability of flood discharge lowered by 2 orders of magnitude. At the same time, the techniques for eco-system environmental administration should be set up in the coal field for the exploitation of coal mine and its sustainable development.
    Effects of organic residue cycling on soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics of rice cropping system in red soil region of China
    ZHOU Weijun, WANG Kairong, LIU Xin
    2004, (1):  39-43. 
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    The experiment of the effects of fertilization on productivity and soil environment was studied using leaching incubation at intervals. The soil Nmineralization parameter was obtained with the first order dynamic equation. The effects of long-term organic residue cycling on soil organic matter (SOM), active organic matter (AOM), readily oxidizable organic matter (ROM) and the relationships among N0, SOM, AOM, ROMwere discussed. The results showed that N0 increased significantly under organic residue cycling of rice cropping system in red soil area of China. Obviously seasonal change characteristics of N0 could be observed. However, the parameter Kwas opposite to N0. The more N0 was, the smaller Kwas. Kvaried from 0.0233 to 0.0799 week-1. It could increase the content of SOM, improve the quality of SOM, and enhance its activities after organic residue cycling in the rice cropping of red soil area of China. Significant correlations among N0, and SOM, AOM, ROM was observed.
    Spatial characteristics of urban expansion in China based on remote sensing and GIS
    TIAN Guangjin, ZHUANG Dafang
    2004, (1):  44-47. 
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    Five urban area were classified by the land use vector data and natural zoning map of China during 1990~2000. The first grade urban area included East Liaoning and East Shandong mountain and upland, North China plain, Middle Shandong mountain and upland, Huaihe basin and middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian mountain plain, and North China mountain upland. The urban landuse percentage of these area and the speed of urban expansion were higher. The urban expansion in these area amounted to 71.47% of the total expansion of China, and the loss of cultivated land was 69.88% of the total,among which, North China was 24.54%, and Huaihe basin and middle, lower reaches of Yangtze River was 20.15%. The major source of urban land was derived from cultivated land and the percentage was 78.96%. Agreat amount of cultivated land will be lost by urban expansion,which will threaten the grain safety in China.
    Effect of inoculation with AM fungi on microorganism and enzyme activity in PAEs-polluted soil
    WANG Shuguang, LIN Xiangui, YIN Rui, HOU Yanlin
    2004, (1):  48-51. 
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    In greenhouse, a pot experiment was carried out to study effects of application with 50 mg穔g-1 DEHP and 50 mg穔g-1 DBPand inoculation with Acaulospora lavis(strain No. 34) on microorganism numbers and enzymes activity in the mycorrhizosphere(A), hyphosphere(B) and bulk soil(C) of sterilized soil, respectively. The results indicated that compared with no DEHP and DBP (CK), microorganism numbers and enzymes concentration in the A, B and C soil layer respectively decreased after application with DEHP and DBP. After inoculation with AM fungi, the numbers of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the A and B soil layer were lower than those in the uninoculated treatment. But they were higher in Csoil layer than those in the uninoculated treatment. Compared with uninoculated treatment, neutral phosphatase and urease concentration decreased in the Aand Bsoil layer inoculated with AM fungi, but dehydrogenase concentration slightly increased in the Bsoil layer and decreased in the Aand Csoil layer. AM slightly affected dehydrogenase activity. It suggested that DEHP and DBP could destroy microorganism and enzyme in soil, and inoculation with AM fungi did not decrease those harmful effects.
    Simulation of influence of global climate change on potential evapotranspiration rate ( PER ) in Sichuan Basin
    XU Xiao, SU Zhixian, CHENG Yao
    2004, (1):  52-55. 
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    Considering global climate change unusually in precipitation and temperature, the author simulated its influence on the Potential Evapotranspiration Rate (PER) in Sichuan Basin under five kinds of climate combinations in the future using information technology. The result indicated that the PER-value in Sichuan will become higher when air temperature in the whole world goes up. The distribution will start from 4 sensitive spots as the center and expand from southeast to northwest. But with the increasing precipitation, the PER-value will decrease and the distribution trend will shrink gradually in the direction to southeast.
    Soil moisture infiltration dynamics in plantation of Caragana microphylla in Heerqin sandy land
    Alamusa, JIANG Deming, PEI Tiefan
    2004, (1):  56-59. 
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    Soil water seeping at different aged plantation of Caragana microphylla had been studied in Heerqin sandy land after rainfall. This work presented the influence of plantation on soil water content of sandy land. The result indicated that during 120 hours after rainfall, quantity 43.4 mm and intension3.9 mm穐-1, the depth of water seeping of shifting sand dune and 5 years old plantation of Caragana microphylla was 180 cm and 150 cm,respectively. The depth of water seeping of 15 years old plantation was over 100 cm. The soil water content of shifting sand dune changed radicaly. Soil water content of sand dune covered with vegetation increased slowly, process of losing soil water content was longer, and the depth of water seeping was shallow. Along with age increase of vegetation, ability of water retention in shallow layer soil increased, and an anti-water layer was formed. Soil water content of shifting sand dune were high in a short time in shallow layer of soil after rainfall. Soil water content of vegetation were high in later period at deep layer of soil after rainfall.
    Advances in the studies of forest litter
    LIN Bo, LIU Qing, WU Yan, HE Hai
    2004, (1):  60-64. 
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    In this paper, the authors presented the concepts of forest litter as well as the methodology and main subjects in the study of forest litter, especially the issues regarding litter gathering, aperture sizes of decomposition bags, spatial and temporal dynamics of litterfall and decomposition rates. Some important achievements in the studies of forest litter included influencing the factors of litterfall and decomposition process. Through reallocation of light, temperature and moisture, altitude and latitude affected litterfall globally. the leading influencing climatic factor was annual mean temperature. Decomposition rate of litters was correlated to their chemical composition and environmental factors. C/N ratio and the content of N played an important role in the process of litter decomposition. Soil moisture was a key environmental factor affecting litter decomposition. For the soil microbes, their effects on decomposition of litters fell into two stages. In the first stage, the microbes fragmented the surface layer of litters, which resulted in small animals entering into litters. While in the later stage, decomposition was mainly caused by breaking down of organic matters by microbes. In the future, studies will be concentrated on the factors influencing litterfall and decomposition as well as the ecological functioning of forest litters.
    Discussion on basic principles and strengthening measures for phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals
    WEI Shuhe, ZHOU Qixing
    2004, (1):  65-72. 
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    The basic concept and main ways of phytoremediation were illustrated.The basic principles,restrictive factors and strengthening measures for phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals were discussed according to their relationship with compounds and forms in the soils.Uptake,excretion and accumulation of plant to heavy metals,biological traits of hyperaccumulators,and the capability and improving technology were also disscussed. It was suggested that the adoption of modern agriculture technology would be a short cut to the commercial application of phytoremediation to heavy metals.
    Biodegradation and bioremediation of pesticide pollution
    YOU Minsheng, LIU Xin
    2004, (1):  73-77. 
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    This paper discussed the concept of bioremediation, pesticide-degrading microorganisms, acquisition and identification of pesticide-degrading microorganisms, and elucidated the research on enzymes in bioremediation of pesticide pollution, measurement on efficiency and mechanism of pesticide bioremediation,as welll as variables which affect the process of pesticide bioremediation. The authors also summarized the advantages and disadvantages of pesticide bioremediation, and discussed the development trends of pesticide bioremediation.
    Advances in studies on lead in soil-crop system
    LI Liguang, HE Xingyuan, CAO Zhiqiang, CHEN Wei
    2004, (1):  78-82. 
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    Lead is not a necessary element to crop growth but a pollutant with accumulation problems. If lead is absorbed by soil, it will be difficult to be removed. Polluted soil will result in toxin in agricultural product and lead can enter into food chain by soil-crop system, which will hurt human beings. This paper summarized the source of lead, accumulation and migration in agricultural soil-crop system in order to remind people to pay attention to the harm of lead and prevent it early.
    Primary study on impact assessment of wetland ecological environment
    LU Xianguo, WANG Qichao, Liu Jiping
    2004, (1):  83-85. 
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    This paper discussed the impact assessment of wetland ecological environment. The impact assessment of non-polluted eco-environment should be put on the important status, because of the special characteristics of wetland environment. The impact analysis of the project and the immigration on the change of the hydrological regimes, the flora and faunal population should be emphasized. From the classification of wetlands, integrated the potential ecological environment benefit and the possible influence of the project to assess the acute and chronic influence, and put forward the measurements and substitutable scheme to mitigate the influence. Emphasis should be put on maintaining the existed ecological process, natural system and protecting the benefit and the function of wetlands.
    Study on resource reuse of municipal sewage sludge
    MA Na, CHEN Ling, HE Peisong, ZHAO Jianfu
    2004, (1):  86-89. 
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    The productivity of municipal sewage sludge is very huge and its components are complicated. Much attention has been paid on how to deal with them effectively. The paper reviewed the present status and the tendency of the disposal and reuse of municipal sewage sludge. The authors believed that the reuse of sludge soil was one of the effective ways in China.
    Advances in researches on the phytoremediation of organic contaminants and heavy metals
    KUANG Yuanwen, WEN Dazhi, ZHOU Guoyi
    2004, (1):  90-96. 
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    Phytoremediation is considered as the most efficient and prospective approach in removing contaminants in soil and water, and has been developed very quickly during the last years. Considerable studies have been carried out in cleaning up heavy metals and organic contaminants resided in environments. In this paper, we summarized the types of phytoremediation. Processes of the interaction of plants with heavy metals and organic contaminants, their relevant mechanisms and possible impacting factors were also revealed in details. Finally, the application and perspective of phytoremediation in contaminated environments were presented.
    Ecological effects of plant root exudates
    SHI Gangrong
    2004, (1):  97-101. 
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    Root exudates, which can be called as a joint name of organic chemicals in rhizospheric environment released by living and undisturbed root system in certain stage of growth of plants, play very important roles in plants to adapt and resistant to environment stresses actively:(1)By the way of allelopathy, root exudates could affect the growth of rhizospheric microorganisms and other plants, and improve the biological factors of ecological environment;(2)By dissolving, chelating, transferring, and activating mineral elements of the soil, root exudates could not only enhance the validity of the mineral elements under circumstances of inanition, but also depress the activity of mineral contaminations in rhizosphere to reduce ion absorption in face of heavy metal stresses. Root exudates act as the information transmitter in the interactions between plants and their environment.
    Plant functional types and research methods
    LI Rongping, LIU Zhimin, JIANG Deming, LI Xuehua
    2004, (1):  102-106. 
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    Plant functional types were applied widespreadly to research fields of plant ecology. Studies of PFTs is benefit to expatiate relation of vegetation and disturbance and to analyse losing of biodisversity and invasion of ruderal in arid region. We summarized the conception, application, methods and trend of plant functional types and introduced model structure of PFTs and application of the model in prediction and management of vegetation. The objective of the summary described in this paper is to promote the management and study of plant of arid regions in China.
    Influence on seed bank of Quercus liaotungensis by birds and rodents in Dongling Mountain
    MA Jie, LI Qingfen, SUN Ruyong, LIU Dingzhen
    2004, (1):  107-110. 
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    Two plots with different slopes were selected for seed rain test in Liaotong oak (Quercus liaotungensis) forest in Dongling Mountain region of Beijing. The characteristics of seed bank and the population of rodents in the two plots were conducted from mid-Aogust. to the beginning of October. 2000. Results showed that the seed rain of Liaodong oaks continued about 40 days. The characteristics of the seed rain in two plots paralleled well and most seeds fell in mid-September, but the seed productivity were different in the two plots. Twenty-four traps above ground and twenty small plots on ground (about 0.5 m2) were randomly located in each plot. Significant difference in the seed crop size was found between traps in the air and on the ground in the two plots, yet no significant difference was found in the number of cups and acorns inside the traps. Our results indicated that birds showed little impact on the seed bank of oak in this area, but rodents showed a heavy impact on the seed bank. Four species of rodents, Apodemus peninsulae, Niviventer confucianus,Clethrionomys rufocanus and Eutamias sibiricus might contribute to the ground seed dispersal. The dominant species Apodemus peninsulae which accounts for 77.2% of the community might have the most important impact on seed dispersal.
    A survey of heavy-metal content in plants growing on the soil polluted by Manganese mine tailings
    ZHANG Hui-zhi, LIU Yun-guo, HUANG Bao-rong, LI Xin
    2004, (1):  111-113. 
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    Asurvey of soils and ten plants growing on the soil polluted by Manganese mine tailings in Xiangtan city was conducted.Analysis result indicated that the exceptional-high concentrations of Mn was found to be the limiting factor for plant growth. The concentrations of Mn, Pb, and Cd in the ten plants and Mn-enrichmentalabilities of the ten plants were analyzed in this paper.Poa pratensts, Gnaphalinm affine, Pteris viltata L., and Phytolacca esculenta Van Houtte were proved to have good metal-enrichmental and Mn-tolerant ability. Poa pratensts, Gnaphalinm affine and Pteris viltata L.were Pb-tolerant plants. Comnyza Canadensis (L.) Cronqs, Poa pratensts, and Gnaphalinm affine were Cd-tolerant plants. However, no hyperaccummulators of these three heavy metals were found in the survey. Further research on improved culture experements were still in process.
    Induction and persistence of chlopyrifos-degrading microorganisms in Soils
    LIU Xin, YOU Minsheng, CAI Zhicheng, LIAO Jinying, WEI Yingzhi
    2004, (1):  114-116. 
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    Experimental results showed that the degradation rate of chlopyrifos was very slow in sterilized soils (S soil), and very quick in soils, which were previously treated with chlopyrifos (D soil). However, the degradation rate was between the rates mentioned above, in unsteritized and untreated soils (CK soil) after 30 days treated with chlopyrifos. This phenomenon indicated that microorganisms played an important role in chlopyrifos degradation, and using chlopyrifos could induce chlopyrifos degrading microorganisms. In the soils which were treated with chlopyrifos for 60 days later, the degradation rates of 50 mg穔g-1 chlopyrifos in different soils were the same as that in the soils treated with chlopyrifos 30 days later. The degradation rate of chlopyrifos in the D soil was still more rapid than that in the CK soil and s soil, but the distinction was reduced 90 days after treated. The degradation rate of chlopyrifos in the D soil was almost the same as that in the CK soil 120 days after treated. After 30 days treated with chlopyrifos, adding 0.1%, 1%, 10% D soil to the S soil, the degradation rates of chlopyrifos increased to varying degrees compared with the s soil.
    Relationship between the body mass of Microtus brandti and the vegetative biomass on its habitation
    WAN Xinrong, WANG Guanghe, LIU Wei, ZHONG Wenqin
    2004, (1):  117-119. 
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    The sizes of body mass of Microtus brandti were analyzed in several different grazing habitations.Significant differences have been detected for the body mass of M.brandti in various habitations using ANOVA. M.brandti obtained the biggost mass in the lightly-grazed habitation and get the middle mass in the lightly-grazed and over-grazed habitations.Those living in the seriously-grazed habitation can only reach the lowest body mass.This may be considered an adaptation for the Microtus brandti to the environment.
    Vegetation restoration technology in freeway slope and quarry of Shenzhen
    YANG Haijun, BI Qi, ZHAO Yanan
    2004, (1):  120-124. 
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    The freeway slope and quarry do not have the basic condition for plant's growth. It is urgent to begin the experiment research on ecological restoration technology. This paper gave a systemic summary of the main technique applied to vegetation restoration, such as seeding spray, vegetation pack, vegetation stock, etc. It might supply a reference for further research on ecological restoration technique in freeway slope and quarry.
    Introduced species via ship's ballast water and their effects on the environment and ecology of water area
    SHEN Xinjun, BAI Xiyao, TANG Hong, WANG Ning
    2004, (1):  125-128. 
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    With the development of global shipping business, ships sail continually over the world. As an effective media, ship's ballast water spreads some species that live in one water area to the others. These species include many sorts and have strong adaptability and harmfulness. In this paper, case histories of some introduced species via ship's ballast water which widely dispersed in the world were given, their characteristics such as sort, source, way of introduction, habit, distribution and their negative effects to indigenous environment and ecology, human health, economy as well as some treatment measures adopted by indigene after their invasion were also introduced. Furthermore, it was indicated that controlling ballast water discharge and studying the effective method for treating ballast water were effective approach that can prohibit the spread of introduced species.
    A research on ecological theories and its applications in the development of eco-industrial park:A case study of the Shuozhou Eco-industrial Park
    WANG Lingmei, ZHANG Jintun
    2004, (1):  129-134. 
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    In order to promote the development of Eco-Industry Park, the ecological theories, such as keystone-species, food chain and food web, niche, ecosystem diversity, law of tolerance etc., should be applied in Eco-Industrial Park. With a case study of the Shuozhou Eco-Industrial Park, the authors further put forward the opinions on how to build industrial symbiosis, construct eco-industrial linkage, increase competitiveness,and stability, and plan rationally in the Eco-Industrial Park.
    Analysis of vegetation state in the copper tailing yard in Tongling
    WANG Youbao, ZHANG Li, LIU Dengyi, XIE Jianchun, CHU Ling, LI Ying
    2004, (1):  135-139. 
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    From the field investigation and laboratory analysis, this paper studied the vegetation state in the copper tailing yard of Tongling. The results showed that there were 89 species of naturaly colonized plants in the copper tailing yard, which belonged to 30 families and 73 genera. The main families were Gramineae (19 species), Compositae (16 species),and Legumineceae(9 species).Hippochaete ramosissimwn, which belong to Equisetaceae, had an important position too. The vegetation on copper tailing yard was distributed on spot piece and scattered with low species diversity.mainly composed of biernial and annual herbs. Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindraca, Lespedeza chinensis and Trifolium pratense etc. were dominant species that can be used for copper tailing treatment.
    Causes and conservation strategies of amphibian population declination
    WU Zhengjun, LI Yiming
    2004, (1):  140-146. 
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    Amphibian populations have dramaticly declined globally over the past decades, including a number of species extinction. Causes of amphibian population declination may include ultraviolet radiation, habitat fragmentation and modification, changes of climate, diseases, invasive alien species and predation, environmental contamination and interactions among these factors. Habitat fragmentation and modification is the main cause. Global change leading to changes of these factors may be the basic reason. More studies on amphibian population should focus on the mechanism responsible for their declination. Some strategies should be put forward to stop this declination process.
    Main points on planning of the two considerable eco-functional protection areas located in western China
    YAN Nailing, YU Xiaogan, GAO Jixi
    2004, (1):  147-152. 
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    In this paper, some focus problems were analyzed in two establishing considerable ecos-functional protection areas, the upstream district of the Yellow river and the Tarlim river watershed district. Amulti-perspective description method of ecosystems was addressed. The main environmental problems and the possible reasons causing these problems at the two regions were also examined. Finally the dominant eco-function of the protection areas was determined and some suggestions were given.
    Environmental issues in Lusaka, the capital city of Zambia
    Enock Sakala, LU Zhi-bo, LU Yong-sen, Rodgers
    2004, (1):  153-156. 
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    In this paper, the anthropogenic effects on the general environment of Lusaka City were disscused. The major sources of environmental concern in the Urban Lusaka also includes solid waste, sewage waste, sanitation, industrial pollution, traffic and atmospheric pollution, urban agriculture and environmental pollution and soil erosion due to wood harvesting for domestic fuel.