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Table of Content

    10 August 2004, Volume 23 Issue 04
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    Flora types and structure characters of the southwestern ridge of Snow-Peak Mountain
    YUAN Suibo, SHE Jiyun, FU Shaochun, LI Xiquan, LIN Bai
    2004, (4):  1-6. 
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    In order to rtveal the structure,type and characters of the ecosystem in southwestern upland of Snow Peak Mountain,structures and composing characters of 26 typical flora were studied.The results showed that there were 759 species,405 genus,162 family plants in this area,which were mostly distributed in the tropical and subtropical zone.The flora had obvious characters of transition.The most broad related are unnom Guizhou and Gui Zhun areas.The relationship to central China,southern China and eastern China is also close.For life forms,the most is the phanerophytes.Meso phanerophytes and micro phanerophytes are main composing plant of arbor synusia in the area.In synusia structure,except for the warm shrubs,frost flora all have arbor synusia,shrub synusia,herbage synusia and lichen synusia.The evergreen broad leaved meso phanerophytessynusia dominates the arbor layer .Moreover,they form the edificator synusia of the community.The 26 florae were divided into 7 vegetation types which belong to four successional stage of forest florae, respectively.These florae have the value of protecting the original forest structure and function and for studing the natural forest recovery. Main species of plants include Machius chienkweiensis,Castanopsis eyrei,Liquidambar formosana,and Cyclobalanopsis glauca in to the arbor layer and Maesa insignis,Loropetalum chinense,and Rhododendron cavaleriei in the shrub layer.
    Changes in interspecific niche relationship of sand-fixing plants in the restoration process of desert ecosystem
    XU Cailin, Li Zizhen
    2004, (4):  7-12. 
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    Taking succession time as niche dimension,this paper studied changes in interspecific niche relationship of sand fixing plants in the restoration process of desert ecosystem by analyzing niche volume and niche overlap of species.At the same time,ecological mechanisms of species replacement were investigated via the analysis of their capability in using resources and interacting with other species.This study is of important significance to the sustainable development of desert sand fixing plant community.
    Leaf nutrient use efficiency of some trees in Tiantong National Forest Park
    WANG Xihua, HUANG Jianjun, YAN Enrong
    2004, (4):  13-16. 
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    The concept of nutrient use efficiency (NUE) plays an important role in the study of nutrient cycling. To reveal the nutrient use strategy, NUE of several trees in Tiantong National Forest Park were studied in this paper, focusing on the difference of the NUEbetween different life forms. The result showed that there was a significant positive correlation between NUEN and NUEP in evergreen broad leaved species, but not in deciduous species. Meanwhile, all plants have a positive correlation between NUEN and NUEP . In addition, there was an obvious difference in NUEN among different life forms, conifer species> evengreen broad leaved species > deciduous species. Finally, the authors agreed that plants had the highest NUE when their habitat's productivity was the lowest. It indicated that these plants can use available nutrients effectively to produce more biomass when there is a deficiency in nutrient availability.
    Throughfall and stemflow in a Betula platyphylla forest at the subalpine of Western Sichuan
    GONG Hede, WAMG Kaiyun, YANG Wanqin, WANG Qian, ZHANG Yuanbin
    2004, (4):  17-20. 
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    The characteristics of throughfall and stemflow over one growing season were studied in a 30 year old Betula platyphylla secondary forest at the subalpine of Western Sichuan.The results indicated that The relationships between canopy interception,stemflow and total rainfall could be described significantly by a power function,while the relationship between throughfall and total rainfall is linear. The average canopy interception accounted for 18.9% of total rainfall,and the average throughfall accounted for 80.9%,while the average stemflow accounted for 0.3% of total rainfall in the forest in the measuring period.
    Species quantity change and ecosystem dynamics in the lower reaches of Tarim River
    ZHANG Hongfeng, CHEN Yaning, CHEN Yapeng, LI Weihong
    2004, (4):  21-24. 
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    Species diversity is biological diversity of species and its aggregation.The core of species diversity research is quantity change and biological diversity degree.This paper used Simpson index,McIntosh index and Margalef index to calculate the species diversity index in Yingsu,Abudale,Kaerdayi,Alagan,and Yiganbujima with data collected from the field.The species diversity and relationship between species diversity and ecosystem stability were analyzed in the degradating ecosystem of arid region.The results showed that the ecosystem is deteriorating,with Simpson index changed from 0.82 to 0.26,McIntosh index changed from 0.60 to 0.18,Margalef index changed from 1.47 to 0.38 and the mount of species changed from 9 to 2.The degenerative character,succession dynamics and stability of ecosystem were discussed according to these data at lower reaches of Tarim River.Two features were obvions in the process of degradation at the lower reaches of Tarim River: a)Vegetation community lost its ecosystem functions;b) Water factor had dominant effect in the degradation process.
    Carbon storage and distribution in Cinnamomum camphor plantation
    LEI Pifeng, XIANG Wenhua, TIAN Dalun, FANG Xi
    2004, (4):  25-30. 
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    The biomass,carbon content,storage and distribution in Cinnamomum camphora plantation were studeied.The results showed that carbon content in different organs of C.camphora trees ranged from 42.12% to 55.42%,and decreased in the order of leaf > branch > root > bole > bark.In the canopy,the carbon content varied with layers.Carbon content in the leaves of upper and lower layer was lower than that in the leaves of the middle,and carbon content in the branch of the lowelayer was higher than that of the middle and the upper.The carbon content in shrub,herb and litter floor were 51.30%,48.90% and 40.89%,respectively.Carbon content in the soil was 1.25% and declined with soil depth.The total carbon storage in C.camphora plantation ecosystem amounted to 200.44?103kg稢穐m-2,of which overstorey of camphor trees stored 45.01?103kg稢穐m-2 and accounted for 22.45%,and soil within the depth from 0 to 1m stored 146.97?103kg稢穐m-2 and accounted for 73.32%.The carbon storage in different organs was positively related to the biomass of corresponding organs.Stem accumulated the highest carbon storage and comprised 40.06% of carbon storage in overstorey trees.Carbon storage decreased with the increase of height.However,carbon storage of C.camphora trees increased at the height from 8 to 10m.The annual net productivity of camphor trees was 9.55t穐m-2穣r-1 and annual carbon storage was up to 4.89?103kg稢穐m-2穣r-1 .
    Changes of the landscape pattern in Zijin Mountain Amenity Forest Reserve
    WANG Lei, NI Jianzhong, LIU Maosong, ZHENG A'bao, WANG Guohong, CHENG Xiaoyi
    2004, (4):  31-36. 
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    Based on the second class information of forest from investigation in 1975,1988,and 2002,we studied the dynamics of landscape patterns in Zijin Mountain Amenity Forest Reserve.The results showed that in the past 30 years,the vegetation had changed significantly,and coniferous forest which was dominant in 1975 was substituted by the mixed broadleaf coniferous forest,and then transferred to deciduous broad leaf forest or mixed deciduous and evergreen broadleaf forest.In the process,the percentage of coniferous forest in the reserve area dropped from 38.9% to 9.7%,while broad leaved forest rose from 12.0% to 49.2%.Of all the landscape elements,water area and nursery had less transformation probability to other types,while non woodland transformed with a 100% probability.The most changeable patches are almost all distributed in the region with strong human activities, or with less human disturbance but better natural conditions.In the period,the landscape diversity dropped from 1.574 to 1.462,while the landscape dominance increased from 0.630 to 0.735;degree of fragmentation raised from 0.781 to 0.795;and vegetation coverage continuously grew from 51.2% in 1963 to 70.2% in 2002. The landscape shape coefficient kept steadily.But different landscape elements had different change trends.For the coniferous forest,with the average area of the patches decreasing,the fragmentation raised,while the shape coefficient declined.But for deciduous forest,the average area of the patches and shape coefficients increased and the fragmentation decreased.According to the Malkov model,the percentage of deciduous forest area will increase continuously to 55.23,and the forest coverage will grow to 74.09% in year 2016.
    Effects of corn rotation and continuous cropping system on weed population
    XU Yanli, LI Chunjie, LI Zhaolin
    2004, (4):  37-40. 
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    This experiment was conducted in Hailun Agriculture Ecological Experiment Station in northeastern China,CAS, since 1991, with site specific different rotation systems including continuous corn (C-C-C……C),corn soybean corn(C-S-C),and rotation(soybean wheat corn,S-W-C).The results showed that the weed density and weed fresh weight were the least in CSC .In different years, the weed population were different at the same plots .Weed species were more in C-C-C……C plot than in S-W-Cand C-S-C plots.For example, Kummerowia stipulacea only occured in C-C-C……C plot but did not occur in S-W-C and C-S- C plots in 2000.Malachium aquatium only appeared in C-C-C……C plot but did not occur in S-W-C and C-S-C plots in 2002.Some weed population appeared in C-C-C……C except C-S-C and S-W-C.But in some year, some weed disappeared in C-C-C……C.
    Effects of rice transplanting density and early irrigation management on barnyardgrass ecological control
    XU Zhenghao, WANG Yiping, YU Liuqing, A. Martin Mortimer
    2004, (4):  41-43. 
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    The ecological control of hybrid rice Ⅱyou 2070 on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), with interference density 50 plants·m-2 mixture planted with rice, and transplanting density 19.8 cm×26.4 cm was higher than that of with transplanting density 19.8 cm×46.2 cm, resulting in barnyardgrass grain husk number reduce by 71%. Hybrid rice Ⅱyou 2070 with transplanting density 19.8 cm×26.4 cm ensured the higher effective panicle numbers and 1000 grain weight and the rice yield of which was 13.3 % higher than that of with rice transplanting density 19.8 cm×46.2 cm. Barnyardgrass could be controlled by deep water at its early stage. However, it appeared that barnyardgrass could not be controlled effectively by deep water when its seedling age was older than 3 leaf stage.
    Grey analysis of soil litter decomposition on farmland in the frigid region of northeast China
    SU Yongchun, GOU Yingbo, HAN Yaoping, LU Xiangyun
    2004, (4):  44-46. 
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    Litter decomposition is mainly from July to August in the frigid region of northeast China.The relationship between seasonal variation of soil litter decomposition and 20 ecological factors were studied by grey relation analysis.The primary and secondary factors influencing the decomposition of litter were founded as collembola,nematode,inorganic Ptransformation and moisture.Then the grey models were developed.
    Evaluation on functions of Poyang Lake ecosystem
    CUI Lijuan
    2004, (4):  47-51. 
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    Poyang Lake is a permanent fresh water lake,with water level changing with the seasonal variation of flooding and drying.The benefits of Poyang Lake include direct products,ecological functions and wetland characteristics.Three types of methods were used to evaluate the wetland ecosystem service value:direct market evaluation,replacement market,and stating partiality method.This paper stressed on the main serve functions of Poyang Lake,and provided monetary evaluations on the functions of water storage,flood regulation,soil protection,CO2 fixation, O2 release,soil and water purification,and habitats.The results revealed that the total monetary value of the main functions of Poyang Lake was 3.627?1010 yuan.The most important function was flood regulation,which was about 43.98% of the whole value.The second was soil and water purification,about 38.49% of all.
    Characteristics of water temperature of fishing pond and its forecast in winter in Guangzhou area
    DU Yaodong, LIU Jinluan, HE Jian, MAO Huiqin, CHEN Xinguang
    2004, (4):  52-56. 
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    Water temperature had significant impacts on safe wintering of tropical and subtropical fishes whose cold enduring are relatively weak.In this paper,change characteristics of water temperature of fishing pond and its forecasting model in winter in Guangzhou area were researched in accoring with the observing data of water temperature in fishing pond and air temperature nearby meteorological station.The results showed that daily amplitude of water temperature of fishing pond was relatively small and occuring time of daily maximum water temperature lagged compared with air temperature.This character was very obvious in hourly temperature and daily mean temperature.Daily change of water temperature under clear weather was far greater than that under overcast.Daily amplitude of water temperature gradually decreased and phase lagged more obviously with the increase of water depth.Cross correlation analysis between water temperature and air temperature showed that water temperature had distinct correlations with air temperatures of present day,former one day,former two day and former three day,nevertheless had no distinct correlations with air temperatures of former four day and former five day.Based on air temperature,forecasting modes of water temperature in different depths were established by stepwise regression analysis.Verifications of these models were statistically significant and their average absolute and relative errors were not bigger than 0.5 ℃ and 10% respectiviely.These high precise models could be used to forecast water temperature of fishing pond.
    Soil animal diversity in the Hengyang basin
    ZHU Xun, YUAN Jinrong, LIN Zhonggui, ZHU Yaan
    2004, (4):  57-60. 
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    According to investigation and study on the soil animals of 9 habitats of the purple shale soil in the Hengyang basin,a total of 3585 soil animals belonging to 4 phylums,8 classes and 39 orders were obtained.Among them,the dominant groups werer nematoda and acarina,which amounted to 50.24% of total animals.Common groups were 12 sorts,amounting to 44.01% of total.The study on the horizontal distribution of soil animals showed that 9 kinds of habitat affinity level are higher.Among them,the affinity level is more significant between reed bamboo forest and peach forest,brmad leaved forest and eucalyptus forest,baraboo reed forest and eucalyptus forest .The study on the vertical distribution of soil animals showed that only peach forest and orange forest had clear layers among the 9 kinds of habitats,bamboo.Obvious surface aggregation appeared in all habitats.Divlayers ersity and evenness of soil animal community in reed, forest,orange forest,eucalyptus forest,vegetable plot,broad leaved forest and peach forest were consistent with each other.
    Comparison of the activities of digestive enzymes of Takydromus septentrionalis
    SUN Jianli, ZHANG Yongpu, JIA Shouju
    2004, (4):  61-64. 
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    The activities of pepsin enzyme amylase and cellulase from stomaches and intestinesof post hibernation Takydromus septentrionalis were analyzed with the enzyme analytical method.Results showed that the activities of the same digestive enzyme in the same organ of different ages and sexes were significantly different.The activities of the same digestive enzyme of the same organ were notablely different in different geographical Populations.The activities of digestive enzyme of the same organ were strikingly different.The activities of the same digestive enzymewere markedly different in different organs.It is concluded that the differences of the digestive enzyme activity were determined by heredity and the living environment.
    Long-term effects of different fertilization on calcareous soil microbial P and phosphatase
    XIE Linhua, LÜ Jialong, ZHANG Yiping
    2004, (4):  65-68. 
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    In this study,determination of soil microbial Pand phosphatase activity of long term different fertilization treatments:no fertilizer,chemical fertilizers,corn straw(content of low,middle and high)+chemical fertilizers,animal manure and chemical fertilizers in combination,fallow treatment. The results showed that fertilization treatments increased soil microbial P,similarly,phosphatase activity were increasea by the fertilization of organic manure mixed with chemical fertilizers together.Calcareous soil microbial Pwas closely related with total P,labileorganic Pand rapidly available phosphorus,this suggests the utilization rate of fixed Pin calcareous soil could be improved by improving soil microbial P.
    Effect of sewage irrigation on fallen leaves of Avicennia marina
    CHEN Guizhu, CHEN Guikui
    2004, (4):  69-71. 
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    During one year study,the biomass of fallen leaves of Avicennia marina in normal sewage water (NW) and five fold concentration sewage water (FW) were higher than that of control (CL),while ten fold concentration sewadge water (TW) was similar to CL.Contents of total Nand total Pin fallen leaves of sewage treatment were higher than that of control.The total amounts of total N,total P and total Zn in fallen leaves was in order of FW>NW≈TW>CL,while for Cd,Ni and Pb, was FW>TW>NW>CL.Their average annual return rates were:N 19.1%,P 21.3%,Cd 21.2%,Ni 21.4%,Pb 23.3%, and Zn 31.5%.All of their return amounts were quite small.
    Structure and function of soil-vegetation-animal system of annular wetland in the Sanjiang Plain
    YANG Qing, LIU Jiping, LU Xianguo, LI Zhaofu, WANG Yiyong
    2004, (4):  72-77. 
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    Annular wetland is the mostcommon landscape type in the Sanjiang Plain.There were high potential energy areas and low potential energy areas in different microtopographies.Along with the change of potential energy,different water temperature distribution zones were formed.In these areas,the soil vegetation animal system has its features of horizontal and vertical structure.Considering horizontal distribution feature,from the center to the outer part of the annular wetland,topography is gradually higher;water gradually decreases temperature gradually rises soil changes from peat soil to marshy soil and lessive,and vegetation changes from Utricularia intermedia to Carex pseudocuraica,Ass. Carex rhynchophysa Menyanthes trifoliata,Ass. Carex lasiocarpa Glyceria spiculosa,Ass. Salix brachypoda Salix myrtilloides Calamagrostics angustifolia and Ass. Quercus mongolica Betula platyphylla. Animal's horizontal structure also had relevant changes.There were different vertical structures among horizontal distribution areas of annular wetlands.Due to their special structure,annular wetlands have correlated functions such as water storage and temperature adjustment.In addition,annular wetlands were solar energy storage and inherit gene storage.Annular wetland is important components in the Sanjiang Plain.Fully understanding of its structures and functions is important for the research of wetland ecosystem's protection and wetland resources sustainable development.
    Dynamic of moving and population of grubs in different athletic area of golf course
    MA Zongren, CHANG Xiangqian
    2004, (4):  78-83. 
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    Dynamic of moving and population of grubs in 3 golf courses under subtropics according to different areas of golf courses was reported.The results showed that dynamic of moving and population of grubs in fairway and green of 3 golf courses was affected by dry and rainy season,topography(or areas) and maintaining level.Grubs population for highland (rough highland and high fairway) in rainy season (5～9 months) were about one fold of witch for same topography in dry season(1～4,10～12 months) and severalfold for depressed land (rough depressed land and depressed fairway) in rainy season,it was in the reverse for depressed land in rainy season.Grubs population in high maintaining areas(high fairway and depressed fairway) for dry and rainy season was individually lightly high which of rough areas.Grubs population in green except grubs population in greenⅠ,Ⅱbeing similar to fairway,being not differed obviously that grubs population in greenⅢ,Ⅳ areas,and few amount of grubs in greenⅢ,Ⅳareas.Amount of grubs greenⅠ,Ⅱ made up 90% of total grubs population.Grubs in green among 4 areas moved certainly,but this behaviour only occur in border upon areas.Moving rate of grubs in border upon areas for 3 days was 41.09%,zero for apart areas,moving behaviour of grub in border upon areas could be stopped by artificial obstacle.Lacquer mark and isolating tests showed that difference of grubs population among green 4 areas was result of grubs moving from out of greenⅠ.Grub in fairway during dry season mainly lived in 5～11 cm soil under ground,2～5 cm soil under ground for rainy season,among them,grub living in soil under ground for rough highland and short grass highfairway were relatively deep,grubs living in soil under ground for rough depressed land and short grass depressed fairway were relatively shallow.The anniversary average depth of grubs living in green soil was a half of fairway,grubs in green soil for anniversary lived in 0.3～7 cm,living nearly in surface of the earth for 9～10 months(0.3～1 cm).
    Chinese forest ecosystem research network (CFERN) and its development
    WANG Bing, CUI Xianghui, YANG Fengwei
    2004, (4):  84-91. 
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    The chinese forest ecosystem research network (CFERN) is a long term and broad spatial scale ecological research network directly constructed and managed by the Department of Science and Technology of State Forestry Administration, P.R.China. It is constituted of 15 sites which represent diverse ecosystems and research emphases, including 5 state sites. This network covered all climate zones of China, and it had intersecting ecological gradient network drived by heat from south to north and by water from east to west. The network office coordinates communication, network publications, and research planning activities.
    Advances in the estimation of vegetation productivity and biomass with the aids of remote sensing
    DAI Xiaohua, YU Shixiao
    2004, (4):  92-98. 
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    There are mainly four types of models for estimating vegetation productivity and biomass, including empirical, physical, semi empirical and integrated models. The application of these models is limited by factors such as atmosphere, background, geography, vegetation cover and structure. The rapid development of remote sensing technique, especially the use of thermal infrared,microwave, laser remote sensors and the techniques such as multi angle, hyperspectral and high resolution remote sensing, will be helpful to eliminate or reduce the effect of these factors.
    Discussion on agroecosystem services and sustainable utilization
    ZHANG Jiaen, RAO Weimin
    2004, (4):  99-102. 
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    Ecological services function is one of hot topics in today's ecological studies.Agroecosystem,as a kind of semi natural and semi manmade ecosystem,not only supplies all kinds of products for human society directly and effectively,but also provides environmental services,tourism services,cultural and art education services for human beings.For this reason,some management measures should be done to protect,regulate,improve services of agroecosystems,such as protecting ecological resources and biodiversity,developing eco agriculture and eco village,conducting ecological evaluation and reasonable compensation,and exploiting services of agricultural ecotourism and cultural education.
    Ecological conservation and management of coral reef
    WANG Lirong, ZHAO Huanting
    2004, (4):  103-108. 
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    Coral reef provides necessities for the local people and resources for the visitors with its high biological diversity,biological production and beautiful natural landscape.At the same time,it has been damaged by the excessive use,especially in recent years.How to protect and manage the coral reef have become the focused question in the past 20 years.In this paper,the research on the protection and management of coral reef was reviewed,and the Dengloujiao conserve of coral reef was taken as a case.With the principle of association of protection,research and sustainable use,Dengloujiao conserve was divided into 4 regions according to the field investigation of natural and social economic status:wild field area,conserved area,seasonal closure area and normally used area.Some measures about how to protect and manage the coral reef in the country were put forward:the involvement of local people,improvement of the education and training,and the management of resource.
    Research advances in remote sensing techniques in estimation of vegetation biochemical material contents
    DING Shengyan, LI Haomin, QIAN Lexiang
    2004, (4):  109-117. 
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    The main biochemicals (such as lignin,protein,cellulouse,sugar,starch,chlorophyll and water) of vegetation are directly or indirectly involved in major ecological processes and function of terrestrial ecosystem (i.e.nutrient cycling processes,primary production,and decomposition).Being able to cover large area several times during the season,remote sensing techniques represented a very convenient way of data acquisition.With these techniques,we could relate remote sensing measurements to the biochemical characteristics of the Earth surfaces in a reliable and operational way.Therefore,it may play an important role in the estimation of the biochemical contents.Since early 1980s,many countries put forward their own airborne or space borne high spectral radiometers.The spectroscopic estimation of vegetation biochemical concentration was welcoming a new dawn with the developments of high spectral remote sensing technologies.Based on the spectral features of the vegetation,the commonly used spectral analysis methods and data management methods (e.g.vegetation indices,derivative spectral,continuum removal,red edge etc.) were summarized in this paper.The applications of multiple linear regression models and illuminate-geometry models in the assessment of vegetation biochemical material content were emphasized.Many radiation transfer models and three dimensional geometry models,such as PROSPECT,SAIL,LIBERTY,DART,IAPI,KUUSK,NADI,LEAFMOD,RSADU and FLIGHT were introduced.By further development,the imaging spectroscopic estimation of vegetation biochemistry concentration over large area may obtain a higher robustness and accuracy for using in global change studies,ecosystem studies,species identification,accurate agriculture,disaster and pollution estimation, and resources investigation,etc.The limitations and further development possibilities of this technology were pointed out at the end of this paper.
    Progresses in remediation technologies for persistent toxic substances polluted sediments
    JI Guo dong, NI Jinren, SUN Tieheng
    2004, (4):  118-121. 
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    The toxicity of persistent toxic substances (PTS) in sediments and the present remediation technologies for PTS polluted sediments and their main questions were reviewed in this paper.Furthermore,the authors pointed out that the combination of plants with microorganisms technologies should be the future trend for remedying such sediments in shallow lakes;while physiochemical biological technologies should be used in reservoirs and deeper lakes in the furture.The final purpose of such remediation is to obtain non toxic and resources disposal of PTS polluted sediments on the basis of dredging and ecological cleaning.
    Present status of bryophytes research in genetic diversity
    ZHANG Han, SHA Wei, GAO Yongchao
    2004, (4):  122-126. 
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    The genetic diversity of bryophyte is very abundant. In this paper, the present status of bryophyte research in genetic diversity was reviewed in detail on morphology, cytology, biochemistry and molecular biology.
    New idea about industrial ecology
    PENG Shaolin, LU Hongfang
    2004, (4):  127-130. 
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    The industrial ecology concept was extende to include three other principles which were opening, locality, and economy, besides the original roundput principle. Acase study with the Jyvaskyla industrial ecosystem was considered in this paper. An expectation of the perfect ecological industry system was also given.
    Approach on ecological effects of Asian elephants isolated from the distribution of bamboo-wild banana and its conservation strategy
    XU Zaifu
    2004, (4):  131-134. 
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    The Asian elephants in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan have frequently walked out the nature reserves to massively destroy crops and seriously injure human and cattle in recent years.This may result from the nature reserves fragmentation and isolation of the distribution of bamboo and wild banana,which are the main resource of foodstuff.For Asian elephants,having no natural enemies and being well protected,the population has rapidly developed from 101 to about 250 since 1976.Nature reserves fragmentation and lack of foodstuff supply forced the Asian elephants to walk out of the nature reserves.By comparison,in the areas which are uncontrolled by elephants,with strong breeding capacity and fire tolerance,bamboo and wild banana have developed quickly and became dominant species in abandoned shifting cultivating lands and degraded ecosystems,causing great decrease of species diversity.The conservation strategy for Asian elephants has been discussed as well.
    Effects of root exudates in the bioremediation of contaminated soils
    GAO Hongjian, JIANG Xin, CHANG Jiang, WANG Daichang, ZHAO Zhenhua, BIAN Yongrong
    2004, (4):  135-139. 
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    As one of the important components of microecosystem in rhizosphere,root exudates play an important role in the effective and enhanced bioremediation of contaminated soils through the combined interaction of soil,plant and microorganism.Root exudates can not only activate heavy metal pollutions to enhance their bioavailability in rhizosphere and plant uptake efficiency,but also provide abundant nutrition and energy to microorganism to increase the biomass and activity of microorganism,and thus promote the biodegradation of organic pollutions in soil environment.On the other hand,root exudates can immobilize and fix the heavy metals to reduce their environmental risk by chelating them.In addition,the enzymes that the root secreted can degrade organic pollutions directly.At last,some key points were suggested for further studies in this field.
    A review on pollutant's carcinogenicity-mutagenicity-teratogenicity in water with biomonitoring
    ZHENG Xiangyu, ZHANG Taiping, LIU Zhiqiang, PAN Weibin
    2004, (4):  140-145. 
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    Since many kinds and large amounts of chemicals enter the water environment, carcinogenicity mutagenicity teratogenicity is manifested at different scale.Traditional analytical technology and comprehensive index(BOD,COD etc.)cannot reflect all the characteristics of the water.However,the short term bioassay can respond the change of water quickly and synthetically.The paper briefly reviews some categories of technology (Ames,UDS,SCE,MN,SOS,SCGE) which are used in monitoring the carcinogenicity mutagenicity teratogenicity of the water.And the sources and speciality of the biomaterials used in this field are discussed in three divisions.
    A review on the study of wetland assessment in China
    YANG Bo
    2004, (4):  146-149. 
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    Researches on wetland assessment were become hot points in the field of wetland science.In recent years,with the deep development of the study on wetland,much progress has been made in the content and the level of wetland assessment.The measures have been changed from single qualitative assessment on wetland resource to the quantitative assessment,the wetland value assessment,the ecological healthy assessment,the environmental impact assessment and the ecological risk assessment and so on.3Stechniques and mathematics were widely applied.In the future,the research on wetland assessment should focus on the theory of wetland assessment,the index and model of wetland assessment,comparison studies among different regions,the assessment of degraded wetland,wetland and global change,and the application of new techniques and methods.
    Curent Situation of landscape eco-classification and its development trend
    LI Zhenpeng, LIU Liming, ZHANG Hongbo, SHUAI Wenbo
    2004, (4):  150-156. 
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    Landscape eco classification is one of the fundamental content in the field of landscape ecology,which is the basis for landscape evaluation,landscape planning,and landscape management etc.This paper reviewed,analyzed and discussed the history and research advances on theory and methodology of landscape eco classification,and summarized some key questions and deficiencies of current study.Keystones,development trends and suggestions of landscape eco classification were pointed out.
    A review on plant competition
    DU Feng, LIANG Zongsuo, HU Lijuan
    2004, (4):  157-163. 
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    Concepts,theories (including the maximum growth rate theory,the minimum resource requirement theory and two phase resources hypothesis),attributes (asymmetry and environment relation) influencing factors of plant competition,and the relationship between competition and community composition,structure and dynamics were summarized.The focus of controversy were introduced,i.e.,the relative importance of competition to individual growth,reproduction,death and community succession.Three hypotheses were reviewed:Grime considered that competition was not important.Newman & Tilman considered that competition was important.Deborah & Ariel regarded that the importance of competition depended on two conditions:1)How much extent of soil resources decrease is depended on plant absorbing and other factors (such as evaporation and leakage,etc);2) How close is the relationship between livability in interpulse period and decrease of plant growth in resources pulse period.
    A floristic study on angiosperm in Xiaotianchi forest region of Lincheng County
    LI Ruiguo, LI Haiyan
    2004, (4):  164-167. 
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    There are 555 species(including 14 varieties) of angiosperm belonging to 301 genera and 88 families in the Xiaotianchi forest region of Lincheng County,Hebei Province.Among them,the number of dominant family consisting of more than 10 species is 14, with a total of 305 species.The number of typical family is 7.There are 5 genera of the Chinese endemic genus consisting of 6 species.There are Tendemic species of Hebei Province.The analysis of the compositions and the geographical element in the flora showed that north temperate element has made up the dominant type of the angiosperm and there is 221 species belonging to 98 genera,approximating to 37.69% of total genera in Xiaotianchi,and 46.92% of total species.Old wold temperate and Pantropic element are the second majority of the angiosperm.The data showed that the flora of Xiaotianchi has obvious temperate characteristics too.
    Status and threat factors of non-human primates at Mt.Huanglian Nature Reserve,Yunnan,China
    XIANG Zuofu, HUO Sheng, MA Xiaofeng, MA Shilai
    2004, (4):  168-171. 
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    Mt.Huanglian area (22°33′34″～22°59′20″N,102°05′26″～102°25′07″E) in South of Yunnan was surveyed through field observation and interview with local people for a general view of the status of eight primate species,the existence of which is recorded by the Nature Reserve staff.In this 18 day survey from March 28 to April 14,2002,only Nycticebus coucang,Macaca mulatta,M.arctoides,M.assamensis,Trachypithicus phayrei were confirmed.Calls of gibbons (Hylobates concolor,H.leucogenys) were not heard.In fact,it was questionable for the existence of H.concolor as its calls had not been heard by local people for three years. H.leucogenys was seen by someone last year.The population of Nycticebus intermedius was not observed either.Acorrelation analysis of human population (HP),paddy field area (PA),grain yield,area and yield of different economic plants (Tsao ko (Amomum tsao ko),tea,rubber tree,etc.),and income of persons (IP) showed that positive correlations existed between HP and PA,rubber tree area and IP,and yield of Tsao ko and IP.This means that forest would reduce with the increase of HP;great benefit of rubber tree planting would accelerate deforestation and Tsao ko planting would drive people into deep forest.All these changes would result in wildlife habitat degradation,including that of primates.Conservation strategies should include introduction of high yield techniques for rice plantation,more rigorous family planning,and control of Tsao ko and rubber production in the habitat of primates.In addition to the above threats,poaching may be a potential threat to primates,which should be firmly restricted through legiistation.
    Inducing gathering effect of taro on Spodoptera litura Fabricius
    WU Caijun, FAN Shuying, JIANG Yuhua, YAO Haihua, ZHANG Anbo
    2004, (4):  172-174. 
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    Four varieties of taro for inducing Spodoptera litura were used in the experiment.The results showed that both Colocasia esculenta and Bin Langyu had best effect for inducing gathering of insect egg and larva.Other taroes had better effect too.When the ratio between taro and other vegetable planting reaches 1∶9, the protection effect is the best.
    An early warning approach for aquatic ecosystems in small urban lakes a case study in Hanyang District,Wuhan City
    GUO Huaicheng, LIU Yong, DAI Yongli
    2004, (4):  175-178. 
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    The urban lakes are under great pressure of water pollution and degradation of aquatic ecosystems.It is urgent to early warn the changes in the aquatic ecosystem.In this paper,the six lakes in Hanyang District,Wuhan City were taken as examples.The early warning approach developed in this paper was based on the study of ecosystems in and around the lakes,combined with technologies of biological monitoring,biomarker,and contamination diffusion Artificial Neural Networks models and System Dynamics model were applied before the ecosystem early warning system of the lakes in Hanyang District was formed.The early warning approach presented in this paper was mainly consisted of five parts:diagnosis on the aquatic and related ecosystems;the selection of key indicators;simulation of water quality and aquatic ecosystems;simulation results and countermeasures.
    Prediction of aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis grassland
    LIU Zhengen, WANG Yusheng, PAN Jiezheng, GE Jianping
    2004, (4):  179-183. 
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    Two mathematical models were built for predicting aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis grassland according to quantification theory.Test results showed that the correlation between predicted aboveground biomass and field survey aboveground biomass was remarkable.The multiple correlation coefficients of aboveground biomass of fresh weight and dry weight were 0.97,0.95,respectively. Of the six selected factors,including three ecological features and three vegetation features,the most important element affecting the aboveground biomass,according to their scoring ranges,was monthly rainfall before measuring.The second and third important elements were total nitrogen content of soil(depth <30cm) and monthly accumulation of temperature≥10℃ before measuring.The intensities of other factors affecting the biomass were total coverage of the community,mean height of the community and Leymus chinensis population growth state.In the models,not only the ecological features were used for the prediction,but the vegetation features were also used for the prediction.This provided a new path to predict grassland aboveground biomass accurately.
    Analysis of volatile chemicals emitted from living tomato and geranium samples with SPME technique
    WEI Ming, DENG Xiaojun, HU Wenli, WEI Hongyi, DU Jiawei
    2004, (4):  184-187. 
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    Solid phase microextraction(SPME) technique was applied to collect the biogenic volatile organic compounds(BVOCs) emitted from living samples of tomato and geranium.Aset of collecting devices designed by the authors was used in these experiments too.And then,the BVOCs collected were sent to be analyzed by the chromatogram analysis system.The major components in the BVOCs from tomato samples were identified as α-pinene,α- terpinene,phellandrene,sabinene and some unknown chemicals.And α-pinene,camphene,β-pinene,β-myrcene,limonene,caryophyllene and α-humulene were found in the BVOCs from geranium samples.In contrast,the control experiments which employed the conventional aerating absorption system could not tell the certain volatile chemicals of tomato and geranium because of the complex background.These experiments indicated that the technique and devices established in this research were effective to identify the BVOCs emitted from the living aromatic plants directly,with the advantages such as clean background,convenience,good repeatability and solvent free.So this system can be a valuable method to study the volatile second metabolic chemicals in living plants.
    Agricultural eco-tourism development model at regional level
    GUO Cailing
    2004, (4):  188-191. 
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    The agricultural eco tourism is new agricultural production management style,and a new tourist activity type.It is the result of new demand from travel industry in recent years.This paper analyzed the current situation and existing problems of agricultural tourism in Shaanxi Province.According to the tourist demand,market demand and market potential of eco toursim in Shaanxi Province,the corresponding development countermeasure and sustainable development model was put forward.
    Simulation of influence on life zone in Sichuan basin under the change of climate in the future
    XU Xiao, SU Zhixian, Yang Dianan
    2004, (4):  192-196. 
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    According to the trend of climate change in the future and combing the elevation factor, the authors simulated the life zone type of the probably emergence of Sichuan basin under 5 kinds of hot and water conditions by using ecology information system (EIS) technology and Holdridge's life zone model which was revised . The result indicated that along with the whole world going up of air temperature in the future, the total distribution area of forest zone will increase and the distribution area of Alpine meadow/Tundra zone will decrease, and the Subtropical Desert zone will appear in Sichuan basin, the whole life zone will be occur elapsing of the type and the boundary of land followed the southeast to northwest.