Table of Content

10 April 2005, Volume 24 Issue 04

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Population dynamics of Dendrolimus punctatus in different pine forest

WANG Guohong, LIU Xingping, GE Feng, LI Zhengyu

2005, (4):  355-359. 

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The population dynamics of Dendrolimus punctatus was analyzed by investigation of the larva occurrence numbers,damaged area and percent of trees with larva in five different pine forest from 1992 to 2001.The results showed that the greatest larva numbers,highest infest,and shortest outbreak period of D.punctatus were occurred in pure pine forest,while less in the mixed pine forest with cedar,and the least in the mixed pine forest with broad-leaved trees.

Influence of land use on soil organic matter

WANG Qingkui, WANG Silong, GAO Hong, LIU Yan, YU Xiaojun

2005, (4):  360-363. 

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To investigate the influence of land use on soil organic matter,experiments were conducted in nature evergreen broad-leaved forest,Chinese fir plantation,farmland and Phyllostachys.pubescens stand.The results indicated that total soil organic matter and fractions of active soil organic matter were significantly influenced by land use.The content of total soil organic matter and active soil organic matter differed significantly,among which broad-leaved forest was the highest,and P.pubescens stand was the lowest.This difference was mainly resulted from the difference of the quality and quantity of litter and management practices.

Community microclimate characteristics at different vegetation restoration stages of Upper Minjiang River

LI Zongfeng, TAO Jianping, WANG Wei, LI Xuguang

2005, (4):  364-367. 

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Light intensity,air relative humidity,air temperature,soil temperature and soil moisture in six different communities were measured at upper Minjiang River watershed along the process of community restoration.The results showed that,the light intensity,soil surface temperature,air temperature and their fluctuation declined with the development of the community. At the same stage of community reintegration,the natural communities had higher air temperature and lower humidity than those of artificial communities.With the development of community regeneration,the soil moisture of the old-field increased,with that of the upper layer (0～15 cm) and middle layer (15～30 cm) of artificially regenerated communities enhanced,and that of lower layer soil moisture (30～45 cm) reduced.The soil moisture of natural communities was higher than others.With the development of community regeneration,the community microclimate habitats became better and steadier.

Forest landscape restoration assessment based on NDVI under different burn intensity in the burned blank of Daxinganling Mountains

XIE Fuju, XIAO Duning, LI Xiuzhen, WANG Xugao, XIA Shaohua, ZHAO Yuzhu

2005, (4):  368-372. 

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Integrating the forest landscape types and NDVI from LANDSAT TM image of 2000 with burn intensity map,the relationship between forest landscape restoration and burn intensity was discussed.The results showed that the restoration of whole burned blank was remarkable.The degree of restoration negatively correlated with fire intensity,which meant that the more severely it was burned,the worse the restoration was.The conifers in the severely burned area occupied less area with low growth rate.The area proportion of swamp in the burned area was much more than that in the contrast area,which should be paid more attention to.Under the influence of global warming,the conifers degradation and increase swamp must be prevented.Mixed forest grew best among three forest types,which meant the vegetation succession in the burned blank was transforming from initial stage to middle stage.

Effects of salinity on the growth and proline,soluble sugar and protein contents of Spartina alterniflora

XIAO Qiang, ZHENG Hailei, CHEN Yao, HUANG Weibin, ZHU Zhu

2005, (4):  373-376. 

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Under different salinity conditions,variations of height,stem diameter,leaf length and width,leaf area,fresh weight,proline,soluble sugar and protein contents of Spartina alterniflora seedlings were investigated.The results showed that the height tended to decrease with the increaseing salinity in the medium.In high salinity (50‰) treatment,the leaf area and length decreased significantly compared with control,and single plant fresh weight decreased more than those of low salinity treatments.The sugar and proline contents in leaves generally increased with salinity.The content of protein also increased with salinity,which implied the increase in protein synthesis.Accumulation of osmoprotectants was the key response of Spartina alterniflora under salinity stress,and it could be characterized as an indicator of salt tolerance.

Biomass structure of Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata community on Mt.Xiaolongshan in Gansu

SUO Anning, JU Tianzhen, ZHANG Junhua, GE Jianping

2005, (4):  377-381. 

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This paper studied tree layer biomass dynamics of natural Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata community on Mt.Xiaolongshan in Gansu.The results showed that the tree layer biomass of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata community was 183.66t穐m^-2,in which slow growth trees took 64.89% of total biomass; common-fast growth trees amounted to 33.40%,and pine trees accounted for 1.38%.The organs biomass was in order of trunk>root> branch>leaf.The tree biomass accumulated with the development of community.The total biomass and the biomass of organs was the highest in the mature community and became stable with the community developing further.The relative growth rate of organs was in order of trunk>branch>root>leaf.The biomass ratio of slow growth trees trended to increase and that of common-fast trees to decrease with the community developing,which turned inverse in the decline development stage.The biomass of conifers was very small throughout the development process.

Toxic effects of lanthanides on Chlorella autotrophica

SU Dan, TAI Peidong, LI Peijun, KE Xin

2005, (4):  382-384. 

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Employing a standard test method for evaluating the toxicity of chemicals to algae,the toxic effects of lanthanides on Chlorella autotrophica were investigated.The results showed that concentration for 50% reduction (EC₅₀ ) of 12 kinds of lanthanide compounds in C.autotrophica growth were all 29.00±0.50 μmol·L^-1 after 96h culture at 25±1 ℃.Chi-square test of each dose-response equations showed that 96h-EC₅₀ calculated were all precise and credible.It could be concluded that the biological toxicity of lanthanides on the growth of C.autotrophica were the same,which was of importance for the clarification of lanthanides ecotoxic effects.

Effects of different crop rotation system on the characteristics of soil weed seedbank

WEI Shouhui, QIANG Sheng, MA Bo, WEI Jiguang

2005, (4):  385-389. 

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Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of three different crop rotation systems,rice-wheat (RW),maize-wheat (MW) and soybean-wheat (SW) rotation,on the characteristics of soil weed seedbank.The results showed that crop rotation significantly affects the density and species composition of weed seedbank.By rotation of wheat with maize (MW) and soybean (SW) for 2 years,seedbank density decreased 27.16% and 44.44% respectively compared with RW.Major weed species in the soil seedbank under rice-wheat cropping were Lindernia procumbens,Cyperus difformis,Beckmannia syzigachne,Ammannia baccifera and L.chinensis .In MW,relative abundance (RA) of Digitaria sanguinalis,C.iria and Fimbristylis dichotoma increased significantly,but the RA of Monochoria vaginalis,A.baccifera,B.syzigachne decreased remarkably.While in SW,RA of Mazus japonicus,D.sanguinalis,Eclipta prostrata,F.dichotoma had shown marked increase.The species diversity of MW was higher than that of SW and RW.Based on the species similarity index of weed seedbank,the index between MW and SW was the highest.The reason why crop rotation affects the density and species composition of the weed seedbank is that the use of crop sequences diversify the selection pressure and prevent the proliferation of some weed species that has adapted well to a single cropping system.

Photosynthesis physiology of sexual reproductive Vetiveria zizanioides under simulated light source

LIU Jinxiang, LI Wensong, LIU Jiaqiong

2005, (4):  390-394. 

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Photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),transpiration rate (Tr),water use efficiency(WUE) and vapor pressure deficit at the leaf surface (Vpdl) of sexual reproductive Vetiver zizanioides were investigated under artificial simulated light source and different treatments (half-drown and normal treatment).The results showed that the plant under the normal treatment grew better than that under the half-drown,which had much higher Pn,Gs,Tr and WUE than the former.It might be caused by the different growth period and drown stress.The sexual reproductive V.zizanioides had a lower light compensation point,but a higher light saturation point,its Pn still did not reach the maximum when simulated photosyntyhetic radiation(SPR)had been 2 600 μmol·m^-2·s^-1.Compared comprehensively with combined growth parameters,the marks of two treatments were the same,which meant that sexual reproductive V.zizanioides maintained the amphibious characteristic of the parents which made it a euryhydric species and suitable to be planted at wetlands along river bank,reservoir and embankment.

Effects of simulated acid rain on seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of X Triticosecale

LI Yanyan, NIE Chuanpeng, DONG Zhaorong

2005, (4):  395-397. 

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Efects of simulated acid rain on seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of X Triticosecale.(Zhongsi 237) were studied.The indexes of germination,seed dehydrogenase,fresh weight and chlorophyll content of seedling,and permeability of plasma membrane were tested.The results indicated that the indexes of germination,seed dehydrogenase,fresh weight and chlorophyll content of seedling decreased with pH decrease,while the permeability of plasma membrane increased with pH decrease.

Tolerance of different eggplant varieties at seedling stage to high temperature stress

JIA Kaizhi, CHEN Guilin

2005, (4):  398-401. 

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The effects of high temperature stress on heat injury index,recovery index,electrolytic leakage,proline and soluble sugar content in eggplant ( Solanum melongena ) seedling of 14 varieties were investigated.The result showed that high temperature stress at eggplant seedling stage led to the increase of electrolytic leakage and proline and soluble sugar content,the aggravation of heat injury index,but the decrease of soluble sugar content.It was proposed that heat injury index,recovery index,electrolytic leakage and proline content might be suitable for selecting heat-tolerant eggplant genotype in breeding programe except soluble sugar content.In this research,It also indicated that N1(Nongyouqie) was the most heat-tolerant to heat stress,K11(Kuaiyuanqie),R12 (Erminqie),C13(Chiqie),G14(Gangguohongqie)were the most sensitive to heat stress,while C2(Cihongqie),F3(Fengyan No.2),F4(Fulongqie),Y5(Yuanza No.2),X6(Xianluqie),B7(Beijignliuyeqie),Y8(Yeqie No.2),N9(Nianmoqie),and B11(Beijingwuyeqie) were the intermediate.

Phytoplankton community structure and eutrophication of reservoirs in Guangdong Province,China

WANG Zhaohui, HAN Boping, HU Ren, LIN Qiuqi

2005, (4):  402-405,409. 

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A phytoplankton survey was conducted in flood and dry seasons in 2000 in 19 reservoirs of Guangdong Province,China.Based on phytoplankton community structure and three diversity indices (Shannon-Weaver diversity index,Pielou evenness index and McNaughton abundance index),this paper assessed the trophic stae of reservors.The results showed that Xinfengjiang and Baipanzhu reservois were oligotrophic,and most of the reservoirs were meso-trophic,while Hedi,Qiyeshi and Shiyan reservoirs,which located in highly developing area,were densely polluted and belonged to eutrophic waters.Results showed that trophic level in reservoirs located in upper stream and mountainous district was significantly lower than that in down stream area and coastal region.Overall,the water quality of reservoirs along Dongjiang River was better than that of other watersheds especially those in the west coastal area and Pearl River Delta.

Behavior time budget of rearing Grus japonensis during breeding season

TIAN Xiuhua, SU Haijun, MA Jianzhang

2005, (4):  406-409. 

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From April to June in 2000 and 2001 in Harbin Zoo,the behavior time budget of two groups of rearing G.japonensis during breeding season were studied and compared with that of the wild.The results showed that there was significant difference on time budget between the rearing and the wild.The time budget percentages of Grus gaponensis were walking 39.8%, resting 21.9%,feeding 21 0%,preening 14.5% and breeding 2 8%,respectively.The rearing had obvious daily behavior rhythm during breeding season with walking behavior getting the peak at noon and others appearing mainly in the morning and afternoon.Among three breeding stages,there was no significant difference at 0.05 level on time budget,but it still could be observed that the breeding behavior at middle stage was higher than those at other stages.There was no significant difference between time budgets of male and female.Sky condition,that is,sunshine or rain,was an important factor affecting the behavior time budget.It could be concluded that the behavior time budget of G.japonensis during breeding season significantly differed from that of the wild,which may be regarded as a comprehensive performance of adaptation to environmental changes.

A review on the influence of afforestation on soil carbon storage

SHI Jun, LIU Jiyuan, GAO Zhiqiang, CUI Linli

2005, (4):  410-416. 

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Global climate change and land use change represent the influence of natural and human activities on terrestrial ecosystem.Afforestation,as a type of land use change,can change soil carbon storage.But the influence of afforestation on soil carbon storage is uncertain because it is controlled by a number of factors.The change of soil carbon storage after afforestation,the factors influencing this change and their impacts,and the methods used to study this change were summarized in this paper,with the shortcomings of current research and the direction for future effort given.With the expansion of afforestation area and the increase of plantation age,strengthening the plantation research of carbon accumulation mechanism and the spatial and temporal dynamic of carbon accumulation,will have important politic,scientific and practical significance in China.

A review on the study of water use efficiency of tree species

XIONG Wei, WANG Yanhui, YU Pengtao

2005, (4):  417-421. 

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How to use limited water resource to construct and restore forest vegetation effectively in arid and semi-arid region of China with the purpose of exerting multiple functions of forest ecosystem has become a new focus on the research of forest ecology,among which water use efficiency (WUE) of tree species is the core and key of related researches.In the paper,the connotation of water use efficiency (WUE) of tree species was discussed in details at leaf,individual and community scales,and the main measurement methods of WUE were reviewed and evaluated.Based on development of the study,trends of the research in the future were put forward,which could provide theory basement for vegetation construction and restoration in the regions.

Ectomycorrhizae and heavy metals resistance of higher plants

HUANG Yi, HUANG Zhiji

2005, (4):  422-427. 

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Ectomycorrhizae have been proved to be able to enhance higher plant to grow in the contaminated area.This paper reviewed achievement of studies on the heavy metal resistance of ectomycorrhizae in the last 20 years,and discussed the positive effect of ectomycorrhizae on the resistance of higher plant to heavy metals attribute to the following mechanisms such as sorption on the external mycelium; exudation of chelating substances and adjustment of fungus slime; filtration and sorption of metals in the hyphal sheath or Hartig net; and hydrophobicity of the hyphal sheath.Some suggestions for future research in this field were put forward based on the mentioned mechanisms.

Landscape pattern and their formation of urban ecosystems

LI Weifeng, OUYANG Zhiyun, WANG Rusong, WANG Xiaoke

2005, (4):  428-432. 

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This paper reviewed the concepts,research method and experience about urban landscape,the basic characteristics of urban landscape,and the main driving factors of urban landscape formation.The results showed that high human-dominance,fragmentation,instability and heterogeneity are the basic important characteristics of urban landscape.Regional physical conditions,development history and particular cultural features,transportation system and cities' functions are the major driving forces to affect urban landscape formation.Urban evolved landscape patterns would determine the various processes of urban ecosystem,such as the material cycling,energy flow and biological process.Sustainable urban landscape patterns might strengthen urban ecosystem's services,such as improving micro-climate,purifying urban air,reducing urban noise,changing urban surface hydrological conditions,degrading urban pollution,and providing various recreational functions for urban citizens.

Ecological effects of roads on terrestrial animals

HU Zhongjun, YU Changqing, XU Hongfa, Wang Yu

2005, (4):  433-437. 

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Roads are widespread and increasing feature of most landscapes.The road networks increase the society wealth and make people's life more convenient,whereas they also result in serious ecological problems.We reviewed the ecological effects of roads on terrestrial animals.There are five general effects: mortality from road construction and collision with vehicles,which has been a primary lethal factor for vertebrates; barrier to movements between conspecies populations and complementary resources for individuals of terrestrial animals; road avoidance of forest-interior and edge-sensitive species; reproduction depression of the avian; and biotic invasion facilitated by dispersal of small wildlives along road edge.Road verge,as a special edge,is an ecological mortality trap for edge species and other animals attracted onto the physically and chemically modified environment of road habitat.The problem of isolated small population can be exacerbated by the combined impacts of those five effects above,which will inevitably reduce the persistence probability for populations of the vulnerable and endangered wildlives.

Behaviors of parasitoids and discussions on some technical problems in research

LOU Yonggen, WANG Xia, DU Menghao, ZHOU Guoxin, WANG Xia

2005, (4):  438-442. 

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Behaviors of parasitoids,as part of important basic information for regulating and utilizing parasitoids to control insect pests,have been studied for more than 70 years.Many progress has been made in this field,including host selection behaviors,patch-leaving behaviors,clutch size,and behavior evolution.In this paper,we summarized the latest achievements in behaviors of parasitoids,mainly focusing on host selection and patch-leaving behaviors.Solution methods for some technical problems often met in behavior research were presented and discussed.

Non-polluted ecological impact of tourist activities in natural scenic area

LIU Qiaoling, GUAN Dongsheng

2005, (4):  443-447. 

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Tourism is one of the main causes of non-polluting ecological impact.With the development of tourist activities,the effects of which on natural ecological environment have became more and more serious.The main effects are as follows: the soil is hardened; the contents of organic matters,water,nutrient elements decrease.At the same time,soil erosion is aggravated.The temporal and spatial distribution of water body change,and the sediment concentration in runoff increase.The covering degree of vegetation decrease,and the populations of plants change and tend to be simple.Some natural habitats in which wildlife exist are reduced and fragmented by land use change and human activities.So the biodiversity of the area is lost.However,because of the economic benefits,tourist activities also promote the protection of natural resources to a certain degree.So it is necessary to take measures to plan and manage natural scenic areas.

Research progress and development trend on numerical analysis of vegetation in China

YU Xiaohong, LI Xianwei, BAI Jiangli

2005, (4):  448-451. 

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Techniques of numerical analysis are dominant ways in modern vegetation research,and means of numerical classification and ordination are not only the foremost but also applied widely in modern vegetation ecology research.This paper discussed the recent progress of numerical analysis techniques on relative monographs,application research and new methods,and mainly expounded both the new methods appeared during the past forty years and the recent progress of these methods.Based on the progress this paper also analyzed the development trend of numerical classification and ordination.

A review on the study of plant caloric value in China

GUAN Lili, ZHOU Xiaoyong, LUO Yan

2005, (4):  452-457. 

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Plant caloric value is termed as heat emitted by plant materials after complete combustion of dry matter.It indicates capability of plants to fix solar radiation and therefore it is one of the characters of plant and an important index of primary production.Some aspects of plant caloric value study were reviewed in the paper,including changes of caloric value at organic,individual and community levels,spatial and temporal dynamics of plant caloric value,effects of components,ash contents and some environmental factors on caloric value of plant materials.

Effects of cadmium stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings

ZHANG lihong, LI Peijun, LI Xuemei, MENG Xuelian, XU Chengbin

2005, (4):  458-460. 

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Effects of Cd on growth and some physiological characteristics of wheat seedling were studied.The results showed that the content of chlorophyll was up to the high point at 0.25 mg稬^-1 of Cd concentration in the solution and decreased afterwards.The activities of SOD and POD,MDA content and permeability of membrane increased with the increasing Cd concentration.The root activity increased first and decreased afterwards.The growth of wheat was inhibited under Cd stress.The higher the concentration of Cd in solution was the more serious the inhibition was.

Factors affecting escape behavior of Sphenomorphus indicus

DU Weiguo, XIE Xiaohong

2005, (4):  461-463. 

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Experiments were carried out both in the field and laboratory to determine the factors affecting escape behavior of Sphenomorphus indicus .In the field,approach distances were positively correlated with refuge distances,but no significant correlation with body temperatures and substrate temperatures.Adult S.indicus had similar approach distance as juveniles in open microhabitats,but larger than juveniles in closed microhabitats.In the laboratory,difference between sexes in approach distance was found,which was larger for females than males during reproductive season.

Influence of different recover measures on species structure and variety in Mu Us sandy land

WANG Zhanjun, WANG Shunxia, PAN Zhanbing, GUO Yongzhong, CHEN Yunyun

2005, (4):  464-466. 

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The study of retrogress grassland species structure and diversity under the wasteland and Caragana forest with different density recover measures in Mu Us sandy land showed that the planting Caragana forest played a positive role in vegetation restoration.Along with the span of Caragana rows increasing,community structure tended to be more stable.Community structure succeeded from the instable annual of species of C.tylocarpum and Salsola collina in the wasteland to stable perennial species dominated by Pennisetum centrasiaticum,Leymus secalinus and Astragalus melilttoides.Vegetation coverage was in order of 10 m>7 m >4 m in terms of span width,while that of the community diversity was 10 m>4 m >7 m.There was positive correlation between the community evenness index and diversity index,while negative correlation between the dominate index and diversity index.