Table of Content

10 September 2005, Volume 24 Issue 09

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Dynamic changes of Korean pine forest resources in Heilongjiang Province

YAN Haibing, HAO Zhanqing, YANG Xiuqing, YANG Qingpei

2005, (9):  985-988. 

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Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) forest is a typical climate vegetation in northeastern China.However,it was suffered from serious destruction in the last century.The changes in resource and landscape of Korean pine forest in Heilongjiang Province were studied,based on investigation data(1949～1998) and the map of forest resource distribution(1:2 500 000,1949,1986).The results showed that the area and volume of wood decreased severely and the relative proportion of total forest resource in Heilongjiang Province also decreased.The area of forest had skewed heavily towards young and middle-aged stands.The total area of Korean pine forest landscape and mean patch size decreased,while the quantity,density,and edge density of patches increased.The Korean pine forest landscape was severely fragmented and turned into broad-leaved mixed forest and non-forest land from 1949 to 1986.

Intensity and patterns of leaf area eaten of Lithocarpus glaber by insects,at Tiantong Forest Park,Zhejiang

JIANG Hong, CAI Yongli, LI Ka, WANG Hong, WANG Liang

2005, (9):  989-993. 

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Intensity and patterns of leaf area eaten of Lithocarpus glaber by insects were studied in the evergreen broad-leaved forest at Tiantong Forest Park of Zhejiang Province,China.The results showed that the patterns of leaf area eaten were diverse with their frequencies greatly varied.Totally 15 patterns of leaf area eaten by insects were identified,among which the frequencies of the top and edge defoliations were more than 30%,the cutting leaf,successive pinhole and big perforation 10%～30%,the small perforation,lower epidermis defoliation,middle vein defoliation and bloth-shaped mine 1.5%～6.4%,and the upper epidermis defoliation,rugate defoliation,excavating defoliation,spiral mine slender defoliation and striped defoliation less than 1%.The intensity of leaf damage depended on the pattern of leaf area eaten and its frequency.Because of the high frequencies and serous damage of leaves,the top defoliation,edge defoliation and cutting leaf were the most important types to damaged leaves of L.galber.There was significant positive correlation between successive pinhole and cutting leaf,while significant negative correlation between successive pinhole and lower epidermis defoliation,cutting leaf and small perforation,which indicated the difference of eating pattern of different insects in space and time. There was 64% of leaves eaten and the rate of leaf damage was 13.6%.

Composition and biodiversity of forest communities on the northern slope of Dahei Mountain in western Liaoning Province

SHANG Wenyan, FU Xiao, LIU Yang, WU Gang

2005, (9):  994-998. 

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From altitude of 400 to 1000 m on the northern slope of Dahei Mountain,western Liaoning three sample belts were set with 100 m horizontal intervals and in every belt seven plots were investigated with an interval of 100 m to study the composition and biodiversity of forest communities and their variations along altitude.The results showed that the canopy density and average DBH obviously increased with the increasing elevation,as well as the basal area.The area over 800 m was covered by original mountainous vegetation as core area,while the area under 700 m was mainly covered by sparse woods and plantation.The composition of dominant tree species displayed a transitional tendency from complexity to simplicity with the increasing elevation.The Shannon diversity index of arbors and shrubs nearly linearly decreased with the increasing elevation,while their extents of dominance increased obviously with altitude.Compared with the layers of arbors and shrubs,the herbs have higher extent of dominance and lower diversity index variation with altitude.Horizontal β diversity decreased quickly with the increasing elevation,showing that low-elevation forests were not only locally more diverse,but also spatially more patchy.

Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from different agricultural fields during freezing and thawing periods in the lower reaches of Liaohe Plain

ZHENG Jing, WANG Chongyang, WANG Yinghong, LU Caiyan, SHI Yi, CHEN Xin

2005, (9):  999-1003. 

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Flux of nitrous oxide and methane were measured in the lower reaches of Liaohe Plain by using static chamber-gas chromatographic techniques in thawing period.The plots included maize,soybean and paddy fields.The results showed that the flux of nitrous oxide in the three plots were high in the period indicating important N₂O-releasing sources.The flux of methane in these plots was quite low in the period which inducated that the fields are important CH₄-absorbing sinks.In thawing periods,temperature has no significant relationship with flux of nitrous oxide in the three plots.It is maybe a special phenomenon in contrast to that in the growing period.

Characteristics of weed infestation and competitive ability of rice varieties under intensified rice system

ZHANG Yuping, ZHU Defeng, CHEN Huizhe, LIN Xianqing, LI Hua, ZHANG Weiwei

2005, (9):  1004-1006. 

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Main weeds species under intensified rice system were Rotala indica,Lindernia procumbens,Cyperus difformis and Leptochloa chinensis,of which Cyperus difformis and Leptochloa chinensis had stronger competition with rice plant.Compared with Japanic hybrid rice E52,Liangyoupeijiu can control weed growth greatly due to their stronger competitive ability.With the increase of row spacing,the control ability of rice over weeds decreased under the same planting density.When E52 was sparsely planted,there was no difference of control over weeds among different row spacing.Weed control method was discussed under intensified rice system.

Climatic dynamics of broadleaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain during the last 22 Years

ZHANG Mi, GUAN Dexin, HAN Shijie, WU Jiabing, ZHANG Junhui, JIN Mingshu, XU Hao, HE Xiu, DAI Guanhua

2005, (9):  1007-1012. 

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Broad-leaved Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) forest in Changbai Mountain is one of the typical temperate forest ecosystems.Its long term climatic dynamics is important for global change research.Some climatic factors,such as radiation factor,thermal factor,moisture factors,wind velocity and wind direction,were analyzed with the meteorological data recorded by the Opened Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The paper reported the mean value and the dynamic characteristics of these climatic factors in the lest 22 years.

Relation ship between plant community and insect community in Korean pine broad-leaved mixed forest of Changbai Mountain

DONG Baili, JI Lanzhu, WEI Chunyan, WANG Miao, XIAO Dongmei

2005, (9):  1013-1016. 

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The plant,insect community and their correlation were studied systematically through seasonal research in this paper.The results showed that the index of species richness of forest plant community was negatively correlated with community of defoliator and parasitic insects,positively correlated with predatory insect community.The evenness of insect was related to that of plants closely.Annual species diversity index of forest plant community showed a closely positive correlation with that of predatory and parasitical insect community,and a negative correlation with defoliator insect community.Distinct correlation was found between forest plant and forest insect community suggesting that complexity of forest plant community had significant influence on diversification of insect species composition.

Effects of abiotic factors to the accumulation of heavy metals by Corbicula fluminea

LI Lina, CHEN Zhenlou, XU Shiyuan, BI Chunjuan

2005, (9):  1017-1020. 

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Four main abiotic factors which affect the accumulation of heavy metals by Corbicula fluminea along the coastal zone of Yangtze Estuary were analyzed.The results showed that higher temperature did help to accumulate copper,zinc,chromium and nickel by Corbicula fluminica.The effect of salinity to the accumulation of heavy metals was relatively complicated,only showing definite correlation in autumn.The concentration of copper in C.fluminea showed dramatically positive correlation with the particle size of sediment.The concentration of zinc showed definite positive correlation with organic content of sediment,while lead was relative to zinc.The pairwise correlation between heavy metals in C.fluminea was significant.The mechanism of interaction among different heavy metals deserved further investigation.

Characteristics of soil temperature dynamics in vegetable field and its forecasting model in Guangzhou

DU Yaodong, LIU Jinluan, HE Jian

2005, (9):  1021-1024. 

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According to the observing data of soil temperature in vegetable field and nearby air temperature,dynamic of soil temperature in vegetable field and its forecasting model were studied in Guangzhou.The results showed that the amplitude of soil temperature in vegetable field were small and the phase lagged behind air temperature.The phase lag of daily change was more obvious than that of annual change.Daily amplitude of soil temperature gradually decreased and the phase lagged more obviously with the increase of soil depth.Daily change of soil temperature under clear weather was greater than that under overcast weather.Soil temperature had distinct linear correlations with air temperature.Forecasting formulae of soil in different depths established by air temperature had higher precisions,with their average absolute and relative errors mostly lower than 0.5 ℃ and 10% respectively.

Effects of waterlogging on growth and physiology of Spartina alterniflora

XIAO Qiang, ZHENG Hailei, YE Wenjing, CHEN Yao, ZHU Zhu

2005, (9):  1025-1028. 

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In this paper,the variations of plant height,leaf area,leaf photosynthetic rate,photosynthetic pigment,praline,soluble sugar and protein content for Spartina alterniflora seedlings related to various waterlogging time length were investigated.The results showed that the height and leaf area tended to decrease with the increaseing waterlogging duration.Leaf photosynthetic rate decreased significantly with increaseing waterlogging.There were significant differences between various waterlogging time and the ratio of free water to bound water,photosynthetic pigment,and soluble sugar content.Content of protein and proline tended to remain stable.

Effects of land use change on values of NPP ecosystem services of Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi

LI Jing, REN Zhiyuan

2005, (9):  1029-1032. 

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The soil is the carriers of land ecosystem,which supports all kinds of human activities.It is inevitable that human being activities will influence the ecosystem when they exploiting what they need,which in turn affect the state of the ecosystem and its function to serve humankind.It is one of the main functions of an ecosystem to produce primary products.Based on GIS and employing the data of the third land use in Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi,the paper estimated the service function change of the system resulting from the change of land use.The results showed that the ecosystem service function value of regional NPP in 1996 increased by 1.17?10⁸ yuan than that in 1986,which that in 2001 increase by 3.37?10⁸ yuan than that in 1986.It suggested that measures of reforesting and restoring grass,preventing the landscape broken and the expansion of urbanization were effective to enhance the service function of local ecosystem.

A quantitative analysis of the landscape pattern of the juncture of Shaanxi,Shanxi and Inner Mongolia based on remotely sensed data──A case study of Dongsheng sheet TM image

LI Tuansheng

2005, (9):  1033-1037. 

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The juncture of Shaanxi,Shanxi and Inner Mongolia is a typical ecotone which has always been the hot area of desertification research.We classified the landscape into 9 types,including farmland,grassland,forestland,sandy land,saline alkali land,rock,city and town,water,and flood land.Applying the spatial pattern analysis software FRAGSTATS of the vector version,we calculated a set of landscape indices,corresponding to the three scale levels of patch,class and landscape.At patch level,the forestland(patch id 320) showed the smallest shape index (1.05) indicating a simple shape in this case,whereas the grassland (patch id 14) had the largest shape index(35.62) showing the most noncircular( i.e.,most complex) shape.The fractal dimension (FD=1.21) also revealed the simple shape of the former patch type.At class level,we found that the LPI,AWMPFD,PSSD,ED,TE-WGT,CEWD,TE,MPS,and AWMSI of the grassland,which make up 73.796% of the total area,were larger than those of other landscape types,indicating that this landscape type dominated the total landscape,with the complex shape indicating strongly interrupted.The number of farmlan[JP2]d was the largest,with the second area,the largest PD and LSI,and larger PSCV, showing that the farmland had a gathering characteristic of large patch,with complex shape indicating influenced strongly by human.In could be concluded that landscape pattern indices could be used in characterizing the spatial pattern of the studied area.

Pasture resources evaluation and stocking density in Hunshandake Sandy Land:Case study of Zhenglan Banner,Inner Mongolia

DING Guodong, LI Suyan, CAI Jingyan, ZHAO Tingning, WANG Xian, LING Xia

2005, (9):  1038-1042. 

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Hunshandake Sand Land is one of the four main sandy area of China.It is also one of the districts that are sensitive to climatic changes and human activities.Since 1960s,due to the irrational human activities,especially over-grazing,this sand pasture has been deteriorated and desertified severely.Consequently,not only the pasture productivity has been reduced,but also the development of livestock industry has been restricted seriously.Now Hunshandake Sand has become one of the main sand source for Beijing and Tianjin Region.Thus,daily life of local people and ecological safety are under more and more serious threat.The paper took Zhenglan Banner,Inner Mongolia,as an example.We analyzed the vegetation types and its distribution characteristics,measured and calculated the production capacity and evaluated the pasture resources.The theoretical stocking density of the sandy pasture in Hunshandke Sandy Land was also discussed which provided a theoretical basis for scientifically and rationally use of pasture resources.

Relationships between enzyme activities and chemical property and microbial quantity in landfill soil

LI Jun, SHU Weiqun, CHEN Ji'an, WU Yazhou

2005, (9):  1043-1047. 

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With GC/MS analysis method,50 kinds of organic compounds from landfill soil were detected.The results showed that the chemical property,microbial quantity and enzyme activities changed with the filling depth.Employing canonical corelation method,relationships between soil enzyme activities and chemical property and microbial quantity in landfill soil were studied.The results indicated that soil enzyme activity significantly correlated with soil chemical property and soil microbial quantity,except for the catalase enzyme.

Responses of maize seed and seedlings to chromium stress and their relation to chromium accumulation

ZHOU Xiqin, JI Qianhua

2005, (9):  1048-1052. 

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The effects of CrCl₃ stress with different concentrations on some earlier physiological and ecological responses of seed germination,and correlation between physiological index and the contents of Cr³⁺ absorption of Zea mays were studied.The results showed that seed germination rate,plant height,root length,fresh weight and dry biomass of seedlings gradually decreased with increasing CrCl₃ concentrations.While not only the contents of proline,soluble protein,chromium and malonaldehydic acid (MDA) increased,but the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),peroxidese (POD) and catalase (CAT)increased gradually.But the diffrence of root vigor and activity of nitrate reductase (NR) evidently varied among different variety.The positive correlation between Cr³⁺ content and MDA contents,SOD and CAT activity was significant at the 0.01 level or 0.05 level.In a word,different Zea mays variety tend to have different responses to Cr³⁺ toxicity,there are differences among variety.

Long-term effects of organic manure on the fertility properties of calcareous soil

HUA Dangling, JIE Xiaolei, ZHANG Yiping, LIU Shiliang

2005, (9):  1053-1057. 

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The complexes with differently combined humic substance and organo-mineral complexes were investigated using two ways of analysis,which was general analysis on common chemical properties and thermo analysis on thermodynamic properties.The results showed that using organic matter in a long-term obviously raised the contents of organic carbon,with the amount of water-scattered complex ( G0 fraction) descended,while water-stable complex (Gl,G2 fraction) raised.With the application of organic manure,the content of organic carbon in three kinds of colloid-combined complexes and loose-combined carbon in its heavy fraction were increased.The organic manure could not only improve the total energy level (higher level of enthalpy) of soil organo-mineral complexes,but also improve the energy level of loose,stable and tightly-combined humic.Organic manure also had influence on common soil fertility parameters,i.e.the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,content of exchangeable cation(CEC) and C/N specific ratio were all improved.

Effect of soil nutrient pool on nutrient resorption in senescent leaves of Fargesia denudata

LU Yejiang, WU Fuzhong, YANG Wanqin, WANG Kaiyun, ZHANG Chunna

2005, (9):  1058-1062. 

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The stocks of soil nutrient and nutrient resorption in senescent leaves and the relationships between them under Fargesia denudata with three densities were investigated in Wanglang National Nature Reserve,Western Sichuan.The results showed that bamboo density influenced significantly on the stocks of N,P,K,Ca and Mg in the soil.The P stock decreased significantly with the increase of density (P<0.01),and the stock for D1,D2 and D3 was 0.274,0.222 and 0.158 kg·m^-2 ,respectively.However,the stocks of both Ca and Mg increased with the increase of arrow bamboo density,and the stocks of Ca and Mg for D1,D2 and D3 were 2.64 and 1.70 kg·m^-2 ,4.42 and 1.80 kg·m^-2 ,as well as 4.85 and 2.12 kg·m^-2 ,respectively.The differences of N and K stocks between different densities of bamboo community were not significant,and the stocks of N and K for D1,D2 and D3 were 1.10 and 3.19 kg·m^-2 ,1.04 and 3.30 kg·m^-2 ,as well as 1.06 and 3.19 kg·m^-2 , respectively.The capacity of nutrient resorptions in senescent leaves varied greatly with the density of the bamboo community.The resorption ability of P in senescent leaves increased with the increase of arrow bamboo density,and the percentage of P resorption was 45.3%,50.9% and 65.8% respectively.On the contrary,the resorption ability of Ca and Mg in senescent leaves decreased significantly with the increase of density,and the resorption percentages of Ca and Mg were -44.1% and 29.1%,-83.3% and 2.4%,as well as -120.8% and -215% respectively.The resorption ability of N and K in senescent leaves did not vary with the bamboo density,and the resorption percentages of N and K were 71.2% and 78.2%,70.8% and 80.0%,as well as 70.8% and 80.9% respectively.It is suggested that the soil nutrient pool related to arrow bamboo density was associated with the nutrient resorption in senescent leaves.Possible mechanism was that arrow bamboo growth would change soil nutrient pools,and in turn,the ability of nutrient resorption in senescent leaves also feed back to the soil nutrient pool.This reflected the interaction between soil and plant.P might be a main factor limiting the growth of arrow bamboo (Fargesia denudata).

Degradation of Bt protein in soil released from Bt corn stalks and comparison of its simulation models

WANG Jianwu, FENG Yuanjiao

2005, (9):  1063-1067. 

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The soil degradation of Bt protein from stalks of 4 Bt corn hybrids(34B24,NK58-D1,R?601 RR/YG and Nongda61)were compared and the first-order kinetic model,biexponential model and shift-log model were used to fit the degradation data set in this study.The results showed that the degradation of Bt protein of all 4 hybrids in soil demonstrated a two-stages pattern,a rapid decline in 14 days and then stable at low concentration for a long time.Both the biexponential model and shift-log model fitted the decay pattern of Bt protein much better than the first-order kinetic model.However,model selection should not only be based on the statistic significant index of the model fitting,but also on the deviation between each simulated value and observed value.It was necessary to increase sampling frequently in the rapid degradation stage so as to make a scientific judgment about the accuracy of DT₅₀ and DT₉₀ calculated from models.

Process of nitrogen uptake by rice paddy ecosystem and its economic value

XIAO Yu, XIE Gaodi, LU Chunxia

2005, (9):  1068-1073. 

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Rice plants in paddy ecosystems take up nitrogen from the soil,store it in straw or transform it into protein and amino acid in seed.This is one of the most important processes of nitrogen cycling in rice field ecosystems.Based on the data from field experiment in Wusi Farm of Shanghai in 2003,we examined the process of nitrogen uptake by rice plants,estimated its economic value with the method of replacement price and compared the quantities of the nitrogen uptake and their economic values among different regions,fertilizer dose and crops.The results indicated that the nitrogen uptake by rice plants accumulated rapidly between tillering and heading stage and decreased a short time before harvest stage.The economic values of nitrogen uptake increased with growth stages.Fertilization promoted the accumulation of nitrogen uptakes and their economic values.The nitrogen uptakes by rice plants and their economic values were higher than those by wheat and rape.The quantities of the nitrogen transformed into seed and their economic values were more than that into straw.

A review on forest ecosystem biophysical parameter retrieval from remotely sensed data

CHEN Xinfang, AN Shuqing, CHEN Jingming, LIU Yuhong, XU Chi, YANG Haibo

2005, (9):  1074-1079. 

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This paper provided a review of major techniques and models for retrieving forest ecosystem biophysical parameters,such as leaf area index (LAI),absorbed photosynthesis active radiation (APAR),net primary productivity (NPP) and biomass,from remotely sensed data.The review also considerd the characteristics,advantages and limitations,as well as the relationship between these parameters,with an emphasis on photosynthesis models of forest canopies and techniques of estimating forest biomass with microwave remote sensing data.The review showed a great potential of remote sensing technology for forest ecological applications. In the meantime,it also suggested that there were still many remaining issues in establishing quantitative relationships for forest biophysical information retrieval using remotely sensed data.

Advances in researches on glomalin produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

LI Tao, ZHAO Zhiwei

2005, (9):  1080-1084. 

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Glomalin is a soil glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF).As AMF have a ubiquitous distribution in both natural and artificial terrestrial ecosystems,the ecological functions of AMF has been a fascinating field in mycorrhizal studies.Much attention have been paid to the ecological functions and roles of glomalin in soil ecosystems since it was discovered in 1996.In this brief review,the super glue and main organic contributors to soil were discussed and the recent research advances were summarized.

Research progress on diatom-copepod interaction

LI Jie, LI Chaolun, ZHANG Zhan, TAO Zhencheng

2005, (9):  1085-1089. 

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One of the focal spot of marine ecology is the effects of diatom on copepod reproduction,which decreases copepod egg fecundity and hatching success.Two hypotheses had been suggested to explain the deleterious effects,nutritionally deficient and/or possible toxic agents.It still can not find agreements between the laboratory and in situ works.The results from laboratory indicated that the inhibitory effect caused by diatom could be due to deficiency of some polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs).However,the results from in situ works suggested that the inhibition on copepod hatching may be ascribed to some secondary products (low molecular weight aldehydes) produced by diatom.Up to now,it was still unclear that its work mechanism and the influence under natural environmental conditions.However,if such phenomenon occurs widely in the marine ecosystems,the current understanding of the classic marine food chain,diatom-copepod-fish,may be seriously limited.This article introduced the recent researches on diatom-copepod interaction,with some aspects requiring more study in the future put forward.

Protection and sustainable utilization for the biodiversity of Yancheng Seashore

WANG Jialian, LIU Zhongquan

2005, (9):  1090-1094. 

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This paper discussed the general natural conditions of Yancheng seashore and its biological resources,and analyzed the achievements and the deficiency during the protection for biodiversity and utilization.Considering the existing problem,we should protect the biodiversity of Yancheng seashore with sustainable utilization,including carrying out the investigation and research into the biodiversity resource,rebuilding the marshy ecological environment,strengthening the reconstruction and supervision of natural resources,promoting the protection and utilization for biodiversity and enforcing the exploitation of seashore on the premise of resources protection.

Progress on grassland underground biomass researches in China

HU Zhongmin, FAN Jiangwen, ZHONG Huaping, HAN Bin

2005, (9):  1095-1101. 

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Grassland underground biomass is an essential object in grassland ecology studies.It plays an important role in both physiological function and carbon storage.In this thesis,the research methods and main content of underground biomass in grasslands in China were summarized,such as the underground biomass spatial distribution,seasonal dynamics,the ratio of underground and aboveground biomass,and the influencing factors.The current problems and future trend in this field were also discussed.

Relationship between vegetation structure and the temperature and moisture in urban green spaces of Shanghai

ZHOU Lichen, SHI Wenyu, XUE Wenjie, WANG Tianhou, GE Zhenming, ZHOU Hui, ZHONG Yangkang

2005, (9):  1102-1105. 

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By analyzing the vegetation structure and temperature and moisture for soil and microclimate of 29 urban green spaces in Shanghai,we found that the green spaces can sufficiently reduce the air temperature and increase the moisture,mainly due to the arbor coverage of green spaces.The correlation was found between soil moisture and herbage coverage was significant.Significant correlation was found between soil temperature and moisture within a certain range.The vegetation with multiple structures had better effect on preventing soil evaporation.

Study on water pollution of Sanhai in Beijing with micronucleus test method

LI Yaxuan, HU Yingkao, CAI Minhua, QIAO Liguang, LI Jie

2005, (9):  1106-1109. 

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The micronucleus test with Vicia faba root tip cell was used to study the water pollution of Sanhai in Beijing with 21 and 22 samples respectively in 2003 and 2004.The results showed that the whole aquatic area was polluted and appeared genetic toxicity.The sample frequencies with micronucleus rates lower than 1.5 were 476% and 18.18%,respectively,which distributed in the center of Qianhai and Houhai.The samples of micronucleus rates between 15～20 were 28.57% and 13.64%.However,the samples of micronucleus rates between 2.0～3.5 were 28.57% and 45.45%.The samples which micronucleus rates were higher than 3.5 were 38.0% and 22.7%.Among these sample sites,the densely populated Xihai was heavily polluted.

EIA method and experience for ecological tourism project──Case study of Wuyishan Great Canyon forest ecological tourism district

LI Xiaomei, ZHANG Jiangshan, WANG Feifeng

2005, (9):  1110-1114. 

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Ecological tourism was a kind of tourist activity under the concept of sustainable development,which advocated that the natural region and local culture should be the tourist object,and aimed to understand and appreciate the nature for tourists and to develop the environmental conscience of tourists.The paper compared the characteristics between ecological tourism,traditional tourism and industrial construction projects,and gave some suggests on the key technology and methods to assess the environmental influence caused by the ecological tourism activity.Finally,the paper demonstrated an example EIA report of Wuyishan Great Canyon forest ecological tourism district.