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Table of Content

    10 October 2005, Volume 24 Issue 10
    Population dynamics of Tetranychus truncatus in corn fields
    PANG Baoping, LIU Jiaxiang, LIU Maorong, GAO Shujing
    2005, (10):  1115-1119. 
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    The population dynamics of Tetranychus truncatus in corn fields were investigated in Hangjinghouqi,Bayanzhuoer League,Inner Mongolia from 1999 to 2001.The results showed that the spatial patterns of the mites were aggregated,and the aggregation intensity decreased with increasing population density.With optimal sorting method,the natural population dynamics of T.truncatus were divided into five stages,(i.e,)(1)the population began to colonize with low quantity on a few plants in June and early July,(2)increased slowly with low density and high aggregation intensity in mid-July,(3)rose quickly and distributed in whole corn fields with high density and declining aggregation intensity from the end of July to mid-August,(4)reached the highest with the lowest aggregation intensity in the end of August,and(5) declined quickly in September.
    Leaf litter decomposition of monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest and dynamics and diversity of soil fauna community in Dinghu Mountain
    XIONG Yan, LIU Qiang, CHEN Huan, PENG Shaolin
    2005, (10):  1120-1126. 
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    With litterbag method,this paper studied the leaf litter decomposition of monsoon evergreen broadleaf forests in Dinghu Mountain,and the dynamics and diversity of soil fauna community within and out of bags from Dec.2001 to Dec.2002.The results showed that the decomposition rate of leaf litter in bags with different mesh sizes was decreased in order of coarse size>medium size>fine size.Mixed litters decomposed more rapidly than single species litters.Acarina was the most abundant group of soil fauna in litter bags and soil during the process of litter decomposition,while the individuals of Collembola had a greater change during litter decomposition.The density,diversity index,and the numbers of groups and individuals of soil fauna in litterbags increased with litter decomposition,especially in the 9th month.The diversity index and the numbers of the individuals of important soil fauna in soil were higher in early than in mid-and late stages of decomposition.The decomposition process of leaf litter and the dynamics of soil fauna community diversity were correlated with litter quality,temperature and rainfall in the site.
    Priority area assessment for species diversity conservation of spermatophytic genera endemic to China in Gansu Province
    TANG Cuiwen, SUN Xuegang, XIAO Duning
    2005, (10):  1127-1133. 
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    In this paper,11 main natural forest areas in Gansu Province were selected as the basic geographic units to identify priority areas for species diversity conservation of spermatophytic genera endemic to China in Gansu Province.Based on the factors of species abundance,relative endemism and hierarchy of the plant species,the species diversities of spermatophytic genera endemic to China in these forest areas were evaluated,respectively,and the critical forest areas were identified.The principle of complementary was applied to design the priority ordination of the conservation areas.The results showed that the critical forest areas should include the lower reaches of Bailong River,the mid-upper reaches of Bailong River and Xiaolong Mountain region.The minimum set of forest areas and its ordination were the lower reaches of Bailong River,the mid-upper reaches of Bailong River,the eastern Qilian Mountain region,Xiaolong Mountain region and the middle-upper reaches of Tao River.
    Biomass and nutrient concentrations of three green manure leguminous plants and their effects on soil nutrients at northeastern edge of Ulanbuhe Desert
    YANG Xiaohui, WANG Baofang, JIANG Zeping
    2005, (10):  1134-1138. 
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    Soil fertility is one of the main factors limiting the establishment of cost-effective oasis along the Yellow River irrigated area at northeastern edge of Ulanbuhe Desert.The study on the soil improvement with three leguminous plants in the experimental site of Dengkou County,Inner Mongolia showed that among three test green manure plants,1-and 2-year-old Medicago sativa had the highest total dry biomass,while Astragalus adsurgens,one of typical psammophytes,had the highest above-ground fresh biomass and plant water content due to its high ability against blown-sand damage.The total N and P concentrations of plants were in order of Astragalus adsurgens>Medicago sativa>Melilotus suaveolens,whereas the total K concentration was Medicago sativa>Melilotus suaveolens>Astragalus adsurgens.Astragalus adsurgens was the most suitable used as green manure,followed by Medicago sativa,and Melilotus suaveolens.The soil improvement effect of these three plants was also in the order of Astragalus adsurgens>Medicago sativa>Melilotus suaveolens.Comparing with other two commonly used green manure leguminous plants,Astragalus adsurgens had a better soil improvement feature in arid oasis due to its resistance to blown-sand,and could be the preferred plant for soil improvement in the early stage of desert development.
    Species diversity of undergrowths in Huoshan Mountains of Shanxi Province
    RU Wenming, ZHANG Jintun, BI Runcheng, ZHANG Feng, ZHANG Guiping
    2005, (10):  1139-1142. 
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    Based on the field investigation and by using the indices of diversity,richness and evenness,this paper studied the species diversity of shrub and herb layers under forest communities in Huoshan Mountains of Shanxi Province.The results showed that under most forest communities,the diversity and evenness indices of shrub layer were higher than those of herb layer,while the richness index of shrub layer was lower than that of herb layer.The species richness index was decreased in order of coniferous and broad-leaf mixed forest>coniferous forest>deciduous broad-leaf forest.Coniferous and broad-leaf mixed forest had higher species diversity than the others because it possessed the common features of both coniferous and deciduous broad-leaf forests.The peak values of these three indices of both shrub and herb layers were at the intermediate elevations about 1 500 m above sea level,where the combination of moisture and heat energy were favorable to the plant growth and development and with fewer human intervention.
    Vertical pattern of plant community and biodiversity on the Dinghu Mountain
    SHI Junhui, HUANG Zhongliang, ZHOU Xiaoyong, OUYANG Xuejun, LI Jiong, ZHANG Chi
    2005, (10):  1143-1146. 
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    Based on the investigation along the transect of 10 m?1 200 m in the Dinghu Moutain,which started from 50.2 m to 476.5 m above sea level,the vertical pattern of plant community and their biodiversity were studied.There were 3 forest types and 5 communities along the transect,which consisted of a succession series.But vertical distribution was not in order.In the tree layer,the biodiversity index was in order of broad-leaved forest of mesophytes > pine and broad-leaved mixed forest > broad-leaved forest of heliophytes;In the herb layer,The biodivecsiey index was in order of pine and broad-leaved mixed forest > broad-leaved forest.Most herb groups of heliophytes grew in pine and broad-leaved mixed forest and broad-leaved forest of heliophytes.The distribution of herb groups was complex under tree canopy,and some herb groups of shade-tolerance species grew under heliophytes groups,which indicated that micro-environment under tree-crown could influence the pattern of herb group distribution obviously.
    Decomposition and nutrient release of pure Cupressus forest litter in Sichuan Basin
    TIAN Maojie
    2005, (10):  1147-1150. 
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    The study resucts showed that the mineralization of organic carbon and other nutrients in Cupressus litter in Sichuan Basin was very slow,with a half live of 33 weeks for organic carbon,433 weeks for nitrogen,10 weeks for phosphorus,24 weeks for potassium,86 weeks for calcium,and 12 weeks for magnesium.The nitrogen shortage induced by slow mineralization of the litter could be the main factor restricting the early growth of Cupressus.It is necessary to introduce some fast-growth broadleaf woody species in managing pure artificial Cupressus forest to improve litter property,to speed up nutrient release,turnover and cycling,and to enhance economic benefits.
    Community structure of dendrocola mycoflora in the tea plantations of southern Henan Province
    LU Dongsheng, WU Xiaoqin
    2005, (10):  1151-1154. 
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    Dendrocola mycoflora on leaves and branches of tea plants in southern Henan Province was studied.Totally 17 genera and 32 species of fungi from tea plantations were obtained.Among which 17 genera and 26 species of fungi were from leaves and 11 genus and 19 species were from branches.Components and quantities of fungi were various in different organs of tea and different stages of the organs' growth.Ecological environment is the main factor that affects the community structure of dendrocola mycoflora in tea plantations.
    Seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores
    LI Lingfei, YANG Anna, ZHAO Zhiwei
    2005, (10):  1155-1158. 
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    The study results showed that the spore density,species richness,and diversity index of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a grassland soil had a seasonal variation and reached the maximum in winter,which were not synchronous with the rhythm of plant community.Some climatic factors such as mean temperature,rainfall and sunshine time significantly affected the spore density,species richness and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
    Niche characteristics of dominant populations in Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest in Gutian Mountain
    HU Zhenghua, YU Mingjian
    2005, (10):  1159-1162. 
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    Employing sampling method,this paper studied the niche breadth,similarity and overlap of the dominant populations in Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest in Gutian Mountain Nature Reserve.The results showed that the niche breadths of C.glauca,Rhododendron ovatum,Schima superba,Castanopsis eyrei and R.latoucheae were much greater,with the Levins and Hurlbert's niche breadths 0.7974,0.6435,0.6272,0.5908,0.5783 and 0.7770,0.4012,0.4745,0.4171,0.4303,respectively.While those of Photinia glabra and Caslanopsis fargesii were smaller,with the Levins and Hurlbert's niche breadths 0.3966,0.2716 and 0.1441,0.0825,respectively.The niche similarity between the species with broad niche breadths was greater than that between the species with narrow niche breadths,e.g.,it was 0.6134 and 0.6056 between C.glauca and R.ovatum,and C.glauca and R.latoucheae,respectively,but was 0.1039 between Photinia glabra and Caslanopsis fargesii.Similar trend was observed for the niche overlaps.
    Influence of heavy metal pollution on soil animal community and its diversity in Huainan City
    SUN Xianbin, LI Yucheng, ZHANG Xiaoping, WANG Zongying
    2005, (10):  1163-1166. 
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    The paper analyzed the community and biodiversity of soil animal in heavy metal polluted soil in Huainan city.The results showed that the species and number of soil animals decreased with the increase of pollution degree,sodid their density.The dominant and common species decreased obviously in seriously polluted soil.Some important indexes of community structure such as diversity(H),eveness(E),density group(DG) tended to decrease with the pollution increase,while dominance index(C) increased and then decreased outside the coal ash site.H index was positively correlated with E index,but it was negatively related with C index.There was no close correlation between soil animal number and the content of organic matter in soil.
    Numerical analysis on interspecific relationships in Davidia involucrata community in Sanjiang Wolong Nature Reserve
    ZHU Lijun, SU Zhixian, WANG Weiwei, ZHANG Yashuang
    2005, (10):  1167-1171. 
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    Employing Fisher's precise test for 2?2 contingency table,Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient,this paper studied the 3 403 species-pairs' interspecific relationships of 83 species in D.involucrata community in Sanjiang Wolong Nature Reserve.The results showed that through Fisher's precise test for 2?2 contingency table,the positive association coefficients of 186 species-pairs were either significant(P<0.05) or highly significant(P<0.01),and the negative association coefficients of other 100 species-pairs were significant or highly significant.The positive correlation coefficients of 295 and 448 species-pairs were significant or highly significant by using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient,respectively,while 129 and 244 species-pairs had significant or highly significant negative correlation coefficients by using the same tests.Because Fisher's precise test for 2?2 contingency table could not numerically reflect the contrasting correlation between species,Pearson's correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were applied to test the interspecific relationships.Compared with Pearson's correlation coefficient,Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test was more sensitive.Positive association and correlation between species occurred where the members of species-pairs had similar biological characteristics or traits,which made them ecologically adaptive for similar habitats but with segregated niches,while negative association and correlation between species occurred where species had different biological features,which made them differently adaptive for habitats or with overlapping niches.
    Response of cave system to climate and eco-environment
    LIU Qiming, WANG Shijie
    2005, (10):  1172-1176. 
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    Based on the sequence relation of rain water,soil water and drip water,as well as the gradual analysis on the geochemical characters of drip water,this paper discussed the necessary factors in speleothem formation,and the response of cave system to climate and eco-environment.It was suggested that cave system should be investigated in a large temporal scale to uncover the aggradation process of carbonate in caves,and more attention should be paid to the response of this process to climate and eco-environment,which could be applied in the researches of global change.
    Functioning of poisonous and harmful grasses on grassland and dilemma in ecosystem restoration and economic development
    YANG Miao, LI Xianwei, MA Jinxing
    2005, (10):  1177-1181. 
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    Grassland ecosystem restoration is an urgent problem to be resolved today,but the economic development and local people survival can not be neglected.In considering of this,this paper discussed the ecological and utilization values of poisonous and harmful grasses on grassland.Poisonous and harmful grasses are not so harmful to pasture system as people thought.The competition of light and nutrients and the harm to livestock can not offer us sufficient reasons to get rid of poisonous and harmful plants.Under natural condition,poisonous and harmful grasses can not rival the dominance of pasture grasses,and the emergence of them only indicates the degradation of grassland.This kind of grasses contributes much to ground vegetation coverage and soil erosion prevention,and thus,getting rid of it will be disadvantage to the protection of environment and biodiversity.The flourish of poisonous and harmful plants is the result of the coevolution of grassland ecosystem and pasture system,and also the defense mechanism of grassland ecosystem with high ecological value.The sustainable development of grassland depends on changing local people life mode,developing diversified economy,and implementing trans-regional economic compensation.It is also important to gradually control the increasing population and to actualize urbanization.
    Competitive evolution and coevolution
    WANG Deli, GAO Ying
    2005, (10):  1182-1186. 
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    Competition and synergia are the two kinds of appearance behaviors widely existed in the individuals and populations in nature.A lot of experiments and researches revealed that competition is in favor of the evolution of morphological and physiological adaptation characters and life-historical strategies to a certain extent,and there is a real evolutionary process driven by competition in communities and ecosystems,while synergia can conduce to the existence and reproduction of organisms with the lowest cost of investment.According to the stability and diversity of ecosystems,competition and synergia can supplement and transform each other under certain conditions.Synergia can promote the efficiency of energy transform among all systematic components,strengthen the capability of self-organization,and maintain the order and diversity of ecosystems,which drives the biological evolution more prevalently and significantly.
    Review on spatial interpolation techniques of rainfall
    HE Hongyan, GUO Zhihua, XIAO Wenfa
    2005, (10):  1187-1191. 
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    Rainfall spatial distribution is the important information in many fields,such as water resource management,drought and flood disaster prediction,and regional sustainable development,but its interpolation has been a puzzle because there are many affecting elements,such as latitude,longitude,elevation,distance to water bodies,slope,etc.,especially in mountainous regions.It is difficult to build a general rainfall interpolation model for different geographical regions.Several kinds of rainfall interpolation methods were introduced in this paper,including global interpolation methods(trend surface and multiple regression),local interpolation methods(Thiessen polygons,inverse distance weighting,kriging and splines),and mixed methods(combined global and local methods).Their advantages,disadvantages and applicability were discussed.Recently,with the development of applied mathematics and artificial neural networks(ANN),some new methods were put forward in the rainfall interpolation,especially the ANN technique,such as Back-Propagation neural networks(BP network) and Radial Basis Function networks(RBFN).Because of the uncertainty of rainfall,more detailed geographical and topographical characteristics are needed to improve the precision of predicted rainfall.Detailed topographical characteristics could be provided by a large scale DEM(digital elevation model) or DTM(digital terrain model),which plays an important role in rainfall interpolation.Different interpolation methods are required in different space or time scales.Even the same rainfall interpolation might get different results in different regions.The mixed methods,combining the advantages of global and local interpolation methods,are useful for improving the interpolation precision,which would be one of the important research fields in the future.
    Ecological fragility of Qionghai Lake basin and its asssessment
    WANG Lijing, GUO Huaicheng, LIU Yong, DAI Yongli, WANG Jihua
    2005, (10):  1192-1196. 
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    At present,the problem of ecological fragility is becoming more serious in Qionghai Lake basin,Sichuan Province.In this paper,the fragile characteristics of Qionghai lake basin were analyzed,with four structurally vulnerable factors and three artificially menacing factors which caused the problem put forward.The index system of fragility was set up,and the assessment of fragile degree was further implemented by means of AHP.The results showed that the value of integrated index was 3.035,and the fragility degree reached medium-strong level.The assessment identified the primary and secondary factors,with which,the related restoration and control strategies were approached based on the current conditions of the eco-environment.
    Biogeochemical cycling of selenium,nutrition adjustment and differentiation cause in environment
    ZHAO Shaohua, YU Wantai, ZHANG Lu, SHEN Shanmin, MA Qiang
    2005, (10):  1197-1203. 
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    Selenium(Se) is an important biosis element,and its content in environment directly affects the health and safety of human beings,animals and plants.Based on the latest research advances at home and abroad,this paper set forth the biogeochemical cycling of Se in environment,including the characteristics of Se biogeochemical cycling,the concentration distribution,forms and availability of soil Se,the species distribution of Se in atmosphere and water,and the Se in plant and its absorption.The adjustment of low and high Se in environment and its differentiation cause was discussed,such as parent material type,climate character,weathering and leaching,gaseous volatilization,soil texture,and soil fertility exhaustion.Related hotspot problems and research frontiers of Se in environment were reviewed.
    Research advances in ecological behavior and toxicological effects of chlorohydrocarbon pollutants
    TIAN Xiumei, ZHOU Qixing, WANG Linshan
    2005, (10):  1204-1210. 
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    With the rapid increase in the amount and variety of organic pollutants entering into ecosystems,more and more attention has been paid to the ecological effects of chlorohydrocarbons,and the research on the ecological behavior and toxicological effects of chlorohydrocarbons has become a hot-spot and focusing content of environmental sciences and pollution ecology.In order to have a better understanding of these pollutants,this paper summarized the current situation of the polluting sources of chlorohydrocarbons,including chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon,chlorobenzenes and chlorofluorocarbons,and on the basis of their hydrophobic nature,volatility and stability,discussed the migratory behavior of the toxic organic pollutants in environment and their related biological enrichment,accumulation and magnification behaviors.A research progress on the acute toxicity of chlorohydrocarbons on fishes,and their influenced contents of retinoids and α-tocopherols,possible teratogenicity,mutagenesis and phytotoxicity was reviewed by analyzing QSARs,which could provide a scientific basis for promoting the going deep into a new level in the field of chlorohydrocarbon pollutants.
    Research advance in ecological effects of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in mangrove wetland
    SUN Juan, ZHENG Wenjiao, CHEN Wentian
    2005, (10):  1211-1214. 
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    Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are ubiquitous organic persistent pollutant,which would cause potential risks to the environment and human beings.This paper summarized the origin and distribution of PAHs in mangrove,physiological effects of PAHs on mangrove plants,bioremediation of mangrove plants,and biodegradation of microbes in mangrove.Future research on PAHs in mangrove was reviewed
    Responsive mechanism of species extinction to the habitat destruction at different time scales
    LIU Huiyu, LIN Zhenshan
    2005, (10):  1215-1220. 
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    The greatest threat to the survival of species worldwide is the loss of suitable habitat.By the modified Tilman's analytical model of competitive coexistence in multispecies community,we simulated the species responses to the habitat destruction at million-year,ten-thousand-year and hundred-year time scales.The results showed that habitat destruction at million-year and ten-thousand-year time scales would be led to the competitive abilities changed,and the stronger species would be extinct earlier than the poorer species.While at hundred-year time scale species would be driven to extinction in the order from the originally poorest to the originally strongest.At million-year time scale and ten thousand-year time scale,species would oscillate quasi-periodically and decline to extinction with time,and the amplitudes along with quasi-periods of species evolution would polarize more obviously increased with q(the proportion of occupied habitat of the best species).At hundred-year time scale,the species evolutionary curves would not oscillate.At larger scale,the extinction time would increase with q,while the extinction time of species would become much shorter with q increased in the case of a smaller scale.
    Horizontal transfer of hereditary material and security of transgenic plants
    LI Xuehong, CHENG Guanzhao, GAO Minggang, LI Dongling, SONG Yunpeng
    2005, (10):  1221-1225. 
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    The horizontal transfer of hereditary material is a one-way gene transmitting pattern between different organisms.There are several transfer patterns always recurred to some carriers such as viruses.The horizontal gene transfer not only takes place between microbial cells,but also happens between higher animals or plants,or between plants and animals.The horizontal transfer of hereditary material is ubiquitous,which is an important motivity for biological evolution.Transgenic plants are the results of genetic engineering,the one-way artificial gene transferring in plants.It is obvious that manual horizontal gene transfer has been making great effects on the organisms and the environment.
    Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil and its relationship with soil enzyme activities
    LIN Xin, LI Peijun, SUN Tieheng, TAI Peidong, GONG Zongqiang, ZHANG Hairong
    2005, (10):  1226-1229. 
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    This paper studied the variations of catalase(CAT),polyphenol oxidase(PPO) and lipase in soils contaminated by different concentration oil after bio-remedied for two durations of 125 days.The results showed that the activities of CAT and PPO in the soils were decreased,while that of lipase was increased with increasing oil concentration.After the second duration of remediation,the activities of soil CAT and PPO were higher than those after the first remediation duration,while that of lipase was in inverse.The activities of these three enzymes were not significantly affected by oil concentration,but the bioremediation of soil contaminated by different concentration oil had more significant effect on CAT than on PPO and lipase.
    Content of organic carbon in shallow soil profile under 3 forest types
    LI Hongbo, SHI Kun, SUN Yonghong
    2005, (10):  1230-1233. 
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    The contents of organic carbon and water in shallow soil profile,under the pine,oak and shrubbery forests,were measured and analyzed in Spring and Autumn at the hill in Bangchui Island of Dalian City.The results showed that there were obvious diversities of the contents of organic carbon and water in soil profile of different plant processes,the carbon and water contents of pine soil were higher than those of oak and shrubbery soils in the mass,and the distribution orderliness of the carbon and water contents was identical basically.The carbon and water contents of same plant processes were also different clearly,meanwhile the distribution of carbon and water contents presented a decrease trend with the increase of soil depth as a whole.The carbon and water contents of same plant processes in Autumn were higher than those in Spring as a whole.
    Estimation on optical porosity or canopy closure for a forest stand with hemispherical images
    ZHU Jiaojun, KANG Hongzhang, HU Lile
    2005, (10):  1234-1240. 
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    Forest structure can not only influence the inhabited and biological factors in stands,but also determine the ecological functions of forest ecosystems.With the help of adjusting stand structure,reasonable forest management can come true.As one of the important indexes of forest structure,stand light transmission porosity or canopy closure can reflect the redistribution of light,water and other environmental factors entered the stand through forest canopy.It also plays a vital role on both forest management and many fine studies on forest ecology.Therefore,it is necessary to find a reasonable and accurate method to measure the light transmission porosity or canopy closure of a stand.This paper gave a detailed introduction on how to use hemispherical photograph to estimate canopy closure on the basis of the former related studies,and discussed in detail the selection of effective area of hemispherical photography,and some problems we have to pay attention to.
    A new method for investigating Phrynocephalus vlangalii population density
    WU Pengfei, ZENG Zongyong, WANG Yuezhao, ZHU Bo
    2005, (10):  1241-1244. 
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    By the methods of burrow depth,mark-recapture and burrow account,this paper investigated the Phrynocephalus vlangalii population density on zoige desert in September 2002.The results showed that the population density obtained by these methods was 190.4,76.8 and 250.7 ind·1 000 m-2,respectively.Burrow depth method was proved to be highly reliable after comparing and analyzing the results,because Phrynocephalus is a kind of cold-blood animal not able to live in the environment where temperature is below the lethal temperature(-2.5℃) for a long time but inhabit in the burrows deeper than the maximum depth of frozen earth to live through the long cold winter,which is a behavior mechanism of P.vlangalii to protect itself from low temperature.It's suggested that burrow depth method could be applicable to other species of Phryhnocephalus distributed in China.
    Comparison of Eddy Covariance and BREB methods in determining forest evapotranspiration——Case study on broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain
    WU Jiabing, GUAN Dexing, ZHANG Mi, HAN Shijie, JIN Changjie
    2005, (10):  1245-1249. 
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    In this paper,a comparative study was made to use the methods of Eddy Covariance and Bowen-Ratio Energy Balance(BREB) in continually measuring the evapotranspiration of broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain from Sept.1 to Oct.31,2002.The results showed that in September,the evapotranspiration measured by Eddy Covariance and BREB was 83.1 and 87.9 mm,respectively,the error of BREB relative to Eddy Covariance was less than 6%,and the correlation between their daily total evapotranspiration was significant(0.78),suggesting that BREB was in good agreement with Eddy Covariance in forest evapotranspiration measurement.In October,the evapotranspiration measured by Eddy Covariance and BREB was 42.5 and 49.1 mm,respectively,the error of BREB relative to Eddy Covariance was up to 16%,and the correlation coefficient between their daily total evapotranspiration was 0.53,which suggested that the error of BREB method increased with decreasing vapour pressure gradient.In early and mid-September,evapotranspiration consumed 71% of total forest available energy,while most of the available energy was used for the transformation of sensible heat,and only 40% of total available energy was used by evapotranspiration after the forest was leafless.
    Biochip technology and its application to water environment biological monitoring
    HU Yongjuan, HE Chiquan, XU Gaotian
    2005, (10):  1250-1252. 
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    Water pollution by microorganisms seriously threatens human health.A fast and accurate monitoring of the microorganisms in water environment is one of the key technological foundations to ensure the bio-safety of watersf.While,biochip,the new technology developed in early 1990s,could quickly monitor the microorganisms in water environment.This paper briefly introduced the basic conception of biochip and the technology of gene chip,with the application of biochip technology in water environment biological monitoring reviewed and prospected.