Table of Content

10 November 2005, Volume 24 Issue 11

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Higher plants species diversity in different types of artificial broad-leaved Korean pine forests

YU Lizhong, YU Shuiqiang, SHI Jianwei, KONG Xiangwen, DING Guoquan, LU Zhengmao

2005, (11):  1253-1257. 

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Employing Shannon-Wiener index,evenness,and dominant index,this paper studied the species diversity of 20-yr artificial pure and mixed broad-leaved Korean pine forest stands in eastern Liaoning Mountains.The results showed that mixed forest had a higher biodiversity than pure forest.The species and their total amount in pure Korean pine forest was 42%～52% and 11%～37% of mixed forest,respectively,and the species diversity of artificial broad-leaved Korean pine forest was higher than that of pure forest but lower than that of natural broad-leaved Korean pine forest.Artificial broad-leaved Korean pine forest had more layers with complicated structure and diversity in vertical layer,while pure Korean pine forest only had one main layer with lower shrub and herb layers,which made the vertical structure simple.

Quality performance and climatic indexes of main lawn grass species in Beijing

DU Yaodong, HU Lin

2005, (11):  1258-1262. 

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With field experiment and based on corresponding meteorological data,this paper studied the quality performance and climatic indexes of warm and cool season grass species in Beijing.The results showed that warm season species had a one-peak curve quality performance,only with good quality in summer,while cool season species had two-peak curve,with good quality from May to June and from September to October.The returning green of cool season species not only had a close correlation with effective accumulated temperature,but also related to critical temperature.The effective accumulated temperature of ≥10 ℃ was regarded as the beginning date index of the first good quality performance for all species,while the effective accumulated stress temperature of ≤10 ℃ was regarded as the index of green color fading and the end date of the second good quality performance for cool season species.The effective accumulated stress temperature of ≤23 ℃ was regarded as the index of green color fading and the end date of good quality performance for warm season species.The accumulation of temperature-humidity index was regarded as the standards of evaluating disease occurring,disease symptom recovery,and the end date of the first good quality performance and the beginning date of the second good quality performance for cool season species.The values of these indexes were determined for each species.

Dynamic characteristics of hillsides-closed afforested Pinus tabulaeformis population in Huanglongshan forest zone

HOU Lin, LEI Ruide, LIU Jianjun, WANG Dexiang, KANG Bowen

2005, (11):  1263-1266. 

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This paper analyzed the height,diameter of breast height(DBH),and age structure of hillsides-closed afforested Pinus tabulaeformis population,with its density characteristics forecasted by Markov matrixes.The results indicated that the population growth at different hillsides-closed afforested stages presented visible difference.The dominant height ranges and DBH classes of P.tabulaeformis individuals were 2～4 m and 6～8 m,and 0～2 cm and >20 cm,respectively,and the population with medium and larger DBH classes had a larger density probability than that with smaller DBH class.There was a larger proportion of old trees if the hillsides-closed afforestation was less than 45 years,while young trees and seedlings were more but died with high proportion if the afforestation was more than 45 years.It could be concluded that natural forest in this area should be protected for at least 45 years.

Mechanism of directive restoration artificially induced by creatin gaps in Pinus tabulaeformis of protection forest for water resources

FAN Zhiping, ZENG Dehui, LIU Dayong, ZHU Jiaojun, YU Xinxiao, NIU Jianzhi

2005, (11):  1267-1272. 

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Mechanism of directive restoration artificially induced by creating gaps in Pinus tabulaeformis plantations of protection forest for water resources was studied.The seedling density regenerated in closed stands is 5 375 ind.·m~(-2),which age was 1～2 yr-old.In artificial gaps,the seedling density was 17 062.5 ind.·m^-2,in which 1～2-yr-old seedling,3～4-yr-old seedling and 5～6-yr-old seedling were 73.44%,13.97% and 12.59%,respectively.Daily light intensity in growth season at the height of 0 m,1.5 m,2.0 m was 289.0×100 lux,542.0×100 lux and 589.0×100 lux respectively in the gap,and 139.0×100 lux,146.0×100 lux and 246.0×100lux in closed stand,respectively.In daylight,average air temperature in gaps was higher than that in closed stands in summer at the same time,and the difference was about 2～3 ℃.At night,average air temperature in gaps was less than that in closed stands in summer,and temperature difference was about 0.5～1 ℃;Average air humidity in gaps was higher than that in closed stands at 6:00～11:00 AM in daylight and almost similar in other times a day.Soil temperature in the gaps was higher and change more acutely than that in closed stands in the same depth.The maximum extent of soil temperature difference between gaps and closed stands in 0cm,10cm,20cm depth was 10 ℃,5 ℃ and 2 ℃,respectively.Average soil water content in the layers of 0～10 cm,10～20 cm,20～30 cm was 16.9%,15.1% and 12.3% respectively in the gaps,and 14.6%,12.5% and 9.9% in closed stands.The result showed that the artificial gaps,created as disturbance patch through cutting the trees in the closed stands,induced the changes of the value of ecological factors such as light intensity,air temperature,soil temperature,soil water content,and then caused to accelerate the regeneration of Pinus tabulaeformis in the gaps.

Intra-and inter-annual variation patterns of NDVI in Tibet based on AVHRR remote sensing data

HOU Yingyu, ZHANG Jiahua, HE Yanbo

2005, (11):  1273-1276. 

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Based on the NOAA-AVHRR and related meteorological data from 1982 to 2000,this paper studied the temporal variation of three main vegetation types(spare grass,dense grass and Tibet forest) NDVI(normal difference vegetation index) in Tibet.The intra-annual variation of NDVI and its connection with meteorological data were discussed,based on the average monthly composite NDVI estimated from AVHRR data,and the inter-annual variation of NDVI was analyzed by using the standard deviation of multi-years monthly composite NDVI.The results showed that dense grass and Tibet forest had an obvious seasonable variation of NDVI in a year,and spare grass had not.For the inter-annual dynamics of monthly composite NDVI,dense grass had the largest variation,followed by Tibet forest and spare grass.The months with relatively large inter-annual variation were mainly from June to October,the local main growth seasons with higher NDVI values.

Application of 3S technique on oasis land cover change research—Taking Yutian oasis as an example

DING Jianl, Tashpolat稵iyip

2005, (11):  1277-1282. 

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Land use/land cover change(LUCC) is one of the core issues in global change research,which plays an important role in the study of arid region ecology and environmental dynamics.Taking the typical oasis of Yutian County in southern Xinjiang as study area,and using 2 temporal TM images combined with field survey,the proper land use/land cover indices were chosen,according to the actual conditions.With the application of 3S techniques(remote sensing,GPS and GIS),2 temporally different images were processed accurately,and rather high precision classification statistics and LUCC transform matrix were acquired.The spatial-temporal dynamic change pattern of Yutian oasis with a span of 10 years was analyzed,and some corresponding countermeasures to the ecological and environmental problems were put forward.The methodology and the conclusions of this study could afford some references to the improvement of ecological environment and the sustainable development at the southern fringe of Tarim basin.

Runoff generation characters of mini-size water collection by ridges and furrows in semiarid area of Loess Plateau and related potato-planting techniques

WANG Qi, ZHANG Enhe, LI Fengmin, LI Fengrui, XU Changlin

2005, (11):  1283-1286. 

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Ridges and furrows rainfall harvesting(RFRH)system with plastic film and compacted soil is being promoted to increase the water availability for improving and sustaining agricultural production in northwest China.This system was built by shaping soil surface with alternated ridges and furrows along contours.Employing straight-line regression analysis method,this paper studied the runoff generation characters of mini-size water collection by ridges and furrows in the semiarid area of Loess Plateau and related potato-planting techniques.The results showed that the minimal rainfall necessary to produce runoff was 2.83 mm for the ridges with compacted soil(SM),and 0.23 mm for those covered with plastic film(MR),with an average runoff efficiency of 24.6% after runoff occurred for SM,and of 91.1% for MR.The tuber yield of MR30,MR45,MR60,SR30,SR45 and SR60 was increased by 173%,168%,119%,28%,24% and 18%,respectively,and water use efficiency was increased by 3.98,3.74,2.25,1.10,0.93 and 0.72 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2,respectively,compared to the control(no ridges).Ridges covered with plastic film could increase the tuber yield by 119%～173%,while those with compacted soil could increase the yield by 18%～28%,compared to the control.

A Jarvis stomatal conductance model under considering soil moisture condition

NIU Haishan, XU Ri, ZHANG Zhicheng, CHEN Zuozhong

2005, (11):  1287-1290. 

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In arid and semi-arid area,soil moisture is a vital factor affecting plant stomatal conductance,but was ignored to some extent by most stomatal conductance models which were generally classified into two types,i.e.,Jarvis-type and photosynthesis-conductance type.This paper presented a new model,which adopted the main structure of Jarvis-type and fully considered the importance of soil moisture condition.The stomatal conductance of Leymus chinensis,a dominant species of the typical steppe in Inner-Mongolian grassland,was predicted by the model during two growth seasons(1998～1999),with a precision of R²=0.603,obviously higher than R²=0.361 obtained by regression equations.

Photosynthetic performance of Cladophora fascicularis during its dehydration and rehydration

HAN Zhiguo, HE Lijing, GU Jiguang, XU Zhongneng, HAN Boping

2005, (11):  1291-1294. 

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By the method of chlorophyll fluorescence measurement,this paper studied the photosynthetic performance of Cladophora fascicularis(Chlorophyta)during its sustained dehydration and rehydration.The results showed that after taken out from water and exposed to air,the water content in C.fascicularis cells decreased quickly,with about 90% water loss after 2.5 h.After 1.5 h dehydration,the maximal quantum yield of photosynthesis(F_v/F_m) and the maximal relative electron transport rate(P_m) only decreased by 10% and 11%,respectively,and after 2.5 h dehydration,both of them decreased by about half of their initial values.During dehydration,the light intensity responding to half maximal photosynthetic rate(I_k) decreased,while the initial rate α had a slight increase at the beginning,followed by a decrease.After 0.5 h rehydration,both F_v/F_m and P_m recovered quickly.Dehydration could reduce photosynthetic quantum yield significantly,with photosynthetic apparatus not damaged irreversibly,which made the photosynthetic activity quickly recover after rehydration.This character should be helpful to C.fascicularis to adapt the water stress in intertidal zone.

Effects of benzo(a)pyrene exposure on 7-ethoxyre sorufin O-deethylase activity in Carassius auratus liver

SUN Zhuyun, ZHOU Zhongliang, LI Kang, YIN Haowen, GU Jianhua

2005, (11):  1295-1298. 

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This paper studied the effects of a typical organic pollutant benzo(a)pyrene(BaP) on the activity of 7-ethoxyre sorufin O-deethylase(EROD)in Carassius auratus liver.The results showed that BaP could induce EROD activity significantly.After injected with 10 and 100 mg穔g^-1 BaP for 96 h,the EROD activity was as 2.3(P<0.05) and 3.1(P<0.01) times as that of the control,and at the 14th day after injected with 1 and 100 mg穔g^-1 BaP,the activity was up to 3.0(P<0.001) and 5.8(P<0.001) times of the control,respectively.The EROD activity in C.auratus liver could reflect the level of BaP exposure,and might be a promising biomarker of the organic pollutant.The minimum effect concentration of BaP on C.auratus was 1 mg穔g^-1(BW).

Spatial heterogeneity of Todarodes pacificus in East China Sea in winter

ZHANG Hanye, HU Fen

2005, (11):  1299-1302. 

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Based on the resources monitoring survey data of December 2002 at 121 sites of East China Sea,and by using the theory of geostatistics,this paper simulated the models of semivariograms for the density distribution of Todarodes pacificus,with semivariogram parameters and fractal dimension calculated,and the relationships between spatial pattern and environment studied.The results showed that under isotropic condition,the spatial heterogeneity of T.pacificus in northern and southern East China Sea was quite similar,and its semivariogram could be described by spherical model.The spatial pattern was aggregative,there was a strongly spatial dependence on higher proportion of spatially structured variance(70%)and a smaller random variance(30%)to total variance,and the range of autocorrelation extended to about 440 km.The anisotropic fractal dimension results indicated that the highest value in the direction of 135?(1.954)and 90?(1.893)of northern East China Sea was coincident with that of west-northward Yellow Sea warm current and eastward Changjiang River diluted water,respectively.The fractal dimension in the direction of 45皁f southern East China Sea was close to 2,indicating that T.pacificus distributed evenly in the direction corresponding with east-northward Kuroshio and Taiwan warm current.It was suggested that current was the main environmental factor affecting the distribution of T.pacificus.

Relationships between species diversity and community variability in alpine meadow plant communities and their underlying mechanisms

QIN Guanglian, DU Guozhen

2005, (11):  1303-1307. 

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By analyzing the plant community data from a natural alpine meadow,effects of the similarity in species composition,statistical averaging,net covariance,and population variability on the relationships of species diversity with the variability of aboveground biomass in alpine meadow plant community were investigated.The results showed that the variability of aboveground biomass per plot decreased with increasing species richness and composition similarity,while there was no significant correlation between species diversity and composition similarity.It was statistical averaging but not net covariance the dominant factor determining the negative correlation between species diversity and variability in aboveground biomass.Population variability also devoted,but only a few,to the negative correlation.

Effects of anthropogenic factors on dissolved organic matter in terrestrial ecosystem:A review

LU Ping, YANG Linzhang

2005, (11):  1308-1313. 

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Dissolved organic matter(DOM) and water-extractable organic matter(WEOM) are the main components of soil solution and involve in many soil processes,though they only account for a small part of soil organic matter.This review introduced the definitions of DOM and WEOM,their research methodology,and their dynamics under effects of land use and management practices,especially in forest-and agro-ecosystem.Many researches were focused on DOC,while the studies on DON and DOP were quite few.Forest land had a larger DOM/WEOM concentration than grassland and farmland,and the effects of land use changes on DOM/WEOM mainly depended on the changed land use pattern.The effects of management practices on DOM/WEOM were usually of short-term and inconsistent.

An approach on ecosystem services classification and valuation

WANG Wei, LU Jianjian

2005, (11):  1314-1316. 

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The study of ecosystem services and their valuation is a hot-pot issue in ecology,which plays an important role in boosting sustainable ecosystem management.At present,there are no systemic theories in ecosystem services classification and valuation,and most domestic studies are focused on the repeated estimation of some prevalent services by using established methods,without any pertinence and exploration.Based on our previous studies and related literatures,this paper put forward a new classification system of ecosystem services,and named three new concepts,i.e.,top-drawer ecosystem services,theoretical value,and actual value.A case study on the Sangyang wetland of Wenzhou further illustrated these classification system and new concepts.It is suggested that if the main purpose of ecosystem services study is to serve decision-making,it is no need to evaluate all the ecosystem services of a region accurately and roundly,while the valuation of several top-drawer ecosystem services is sufficient.The comparison of theoretical and actual values could help to analyze the degree of ecosystem degeneration and evaluate the process of ecological restoration.

Negative ecological effects caused by anthropogenic disturbance:A research review

LIU Jie, YANG Zhifeng, CUI Baoshan, DONG Shikui, Yao Weike

2005, (11):  1317-1322. 

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Based on the summing up of the concepts of"ecological effect"at home and abroad,this paper pointed out that in researching ecological effects,both the extrinsic process and the intrinsic mechanism should be regarded.The extrinsic process includes the changes of the structure and function of ecosystems caused by anthropogenic disturbance,while the intrinsic mechanism contains the relationships of ecological disturbance with its driving forces,and with the dynamics of ecological changes(environmental pollution and ecological deconstruction).The negative ecological effects caused by environmental pollution(water,soil and air pollutions)and ecological deconstruction(road building,hydroelectricity dam construction,and land use/cover change)were reviewed,and the present problems and further research topics(comprehensive research of extrinsic process and intrinsic mechanism,systematic multi-scale research,etc.)were put forward in light of available information.

Research advance in ecotoxicological effects of chlorates

LI Huashou, ZHANG Xiuyu, JING Chunxiao

2005, (11):  1323-1328. 

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Chlorates are a group of toxic substances with significant ecological risk.Last century,sodium chlorate was used to be as non-selective contact herbicides,defoliant and even soil sterilant in agricultural history.And accidentally,it was found that potassium chlorate could induce the flowering of longan(Dimocxarpous longanna),which has made it being used pervasively to increase out-of-season longan production in recent years,especially in north Thailand and south China.Some research demonstrated that the strong oxidation of chlorate was obviously toxic to animals,plants and bacteria,and decomposition of chlorate in soil was completely a faster biochemical process,which affected greatly by soil microbes depending on climate and soil conditions.As a result,in view of the environmental problems that chlorate imposed,based on limited available data,this paper introduced physical and chemical characters of chlorate,summarized research advancement of chlorate ecotoxicity on several living organisms and human beings at home and abroad,approached the negative action of chlorate in soil and water,put forward some effective suggestions on protective measures when using chlorate in daily life.Moreover,further researches on monitoring methods and decomposition by bacteria were also prospected in order to minimize ecotoxicity of chlorate on ecosystem and human health.

Canopy seed bank and its ecological significance:A review

MA Junling, LIU Zhimin

2005, (11):  1329-1333. 

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Canopy seed bank refers to the seed retention in plant canopy.About 1 200 species of 40 woody genera can retain seeds in their canopy for 1～30 years or more,and most of these species are distributed in fire-prone floras and arid regions.Canopy seed bank functions the protection of seeds from predator,and the adjustment of seed germination time.This paper presented the concept of canopy seed bank,its classification,and the geographical distribution of species with canopy seed bank,aimed to provide valuable information for concerned studies,and suggested that the studies on the release mechanisms of canopy-stored seeds and the ecological significance of canopy seed bank on sand dune should be strengthened.

Application of carbon isotope technique in forest ecosystem carbon cycling research

ZHENG Xingbo, ZHANG Yan, GU Guanghong

2005, (11):  1334-1338. 

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Carbon isotope technique is one of the credible and effective techniques in ecological research,which can efficiently trace the dynamics of carbon transfer in ecological systems,and has been extensively applied in many fields of ecology.Soil,atmosphere and plant are the important carbon pools in forest ecosystem,among which,plant is the main medium linking the carbon exchange between soil and atmosphere.In this paper,the patterns and ecological processes of carbon transfer among soil,atmosphere and plant were summarized,with the application prospects of carbon isotope technique in forest interfaces research discussed.

Ecological function zoning in Liaoning Province

WANG Zhijiang, LI Peijun, WANG Yansong, HU Tao, GONG Zongqiang, SUN Tieheng, WAN Zhongcheng, CHEN Daguang

2005, (11):  1339-1342. 

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Based on the analysis of the basic eco-environmental characteristics of Liaoning Province,and by means of remote sensing,Geological Information System(GIS) software,and comprehensive analysis methods,this paper made an ecological zoning of this province on three levels,namely,ecological zone,ecological subzone,and ecological function zone.There were 4 ecological zones,21 ecological subzones,and 52 ecological function zones in Liaoning Province,named by three-structure method and mapped out,which provided theoretical bases for reasonable natural resources utilization,industrial and agricultural layouts,and sustainable development in this province.

Current research status and prospects of vegetation succession on sandy land during its desertification process in semiarid regions of China

ZHAO Cunyu, WANG Tao

2005, (11):  1343-1346. 

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In this paper,the main problems existed in the studies of sandy land vegetation succession in the process of desertification and their future work were brought forward,based on the present researches in China semiarid regions.Firstly,sand-blown landform character should be considered,because the most evident character of sandy land vegetation succession was the sandy material shifting and sand-blown motion accompanying with each stage of vegetation succession.Secondly,the study of the nonlinearity of sandy land vegetation succession sequence and the diversity of succession climax should be intensified,because more and more heavy disturbance on ecosystem today made the sandy land vegetation succession sequence present some randomicity and irregularity.Lastly,the specific substitution mechanisms of plants in the process of succession should be lucubrated continually on the levels of physiological ecology,population ecology,synecology,and ecosystem ecology,and the study of the linking between the seed bank of sandy land soil and the dynamics of overground vegetation,as well as the prediction of the succession trend of sandy land vegetation should be further strengthened.

A discussion on water resources security in Guizhou Province

YANG Quanming, WANG Hao, ZHAO Xianjin

2005, (11):  1347-1350. 

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With the development of economy,water resources security becomes an important issue in the sustainable utilization of water resources,and further,the sustainable development of national economy.Taking Guizhou Province as an example and based on the analysis of regional water resources situation and exploitation,this paper discussed the water shortage in projects,waste of water resources,and drawbacks in related policy-making,from the viewpoints of water quantity security,water quality security,and water ecological security.

Application of DNA fingerprint in eco-toxicological diagnosis of contaminated soil

QI Xuemei, LI Peijun, LIU Wan, ZHANG Hairong, XU Huaxia, HAN Chunmei

2005, (11):  1351-1356. 

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Biomarker can show the exposure-effect relationships at molecular and cellular levels,and is one of the most effective techniques in eco-toxicological diagnosis of contaminated soil.With the progress of molecular biology,a number of selective and sensitive PCR-based DNA fingerprint assays were developed to detect the DNA lesions caused by pollutants.The DNA fingerprint techniques mainly include random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD),polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism,amplified fragment length polymorphism,arbitrary primed-polymerase chain reaction,differential display reverse transcription,short-sequence DNA repeat,and restriction fragment length polymorphism.These techniques possess the characters of simplicity,reproducibility and sensitivity,compared with classical methods such as comet assay and micronucleus test.In this paper,the application of three main DNA fingerprints in eco-toxicological diagnosis of contaminated soil was discussed emphatically.

Screening of cadmium-resistant strains and their effects on cadmium activation

XIA Juanjuan, SHENG Xiafang, JIANG Chunyu

2005, (11):  1357-1360. 

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In this paper,cadmium-resistant bacteria were isolated from heavy metals-contaminated soils through agar plate containing Cd²⁺ as 3CdSO₄·8H₂O.The strains JL-4 and JC-9 were identified as Bacillus sp.and Xanthomonas sp.,respectively,based on their morphological,physical,and biochemical characteristics.In the liquid medium containing Cd²⁺(100 mg·L^-1) and inoculated with JL-4 or JC-9,the available Cd²⁺ content in supernatant was increased by 1 392.3%(JL-4) or 1 410.8%(JC-9),compared with the control,and the pH was decreased to 2.87(JL-4) or 3.18(JC-9).Soil cadmium(100,200 mg·kg^-1) activation experiments showed that the available Cd²⁺ content in soil inoculated with JL-4 or JC-9 was increased by 17.02%～100%(JL-4) or 36.17%～61.80%(JC-9),compared with the control.The optimum temperature for JL-4 and JC-9 was 28 ℃,and the optimum pH for them was 7 and 8,respectively.The two strains could also be resistant to Pb²⁺(800 mg·L^-1),Cu2+(50 mg·L^-1),Ni²⁺(50 mg·L^-1),and Zn²⁺(200 mg·L^-1).

Effects of morphine on Lucilia sericata growth accumulated degree hour and deduction of decedent postmortem interval

ZHAO Wenai, HU Shengai, ZHANG Mengyu, FENG Xiaoyong, WANG Boxia

2005, (11):  1361-1364. 

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To investigate the effects of morphine on the growth of Lucilia sericata larvae or pupae,and the deduction of decedent postmortem interval(PMI) based on it,rabbits were injected with different doses morphine hydrochloride and killed,and their muscles were used to feed the newly-hatched L.sericata larvae.The results showed that after fed with the muscles,the larvae length and pupae weight under natural conditions were larger than those of the control to different extents,and their growth accumulated degree hour(ADH) was decreased.Within the range of test doses(4.7～18.8 mg·kg^-1),morphine could promote the growth of Lucilia sericata larvae and pupae.This promotion effect of morphine could result in a maximum deduction deviation for about 80 h when the growth ADH of L.sericata larvae or pupae was used to deduce the decedent PMI.

Practical and theoretical issues on the sustainable development of Chinese ecological agriculture

ZHANG Jia'en, LUO Shiming

2005, (11):  1365-1370. 

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With the development of world economy globalization and the needs of actualizing sustainable development and all-around construction of a well-to-do society in China,Chinese ecological agriculture is facing new opportunities and challenges.In past two decades,great achievements were made in the development of our ecological agriculture,and so far,there are more than two thousand counties,towns and villages in actualizing ecological agriculture.However,many practical problems are still existed,e.g.,less attention to ecological agriculture,lack of ecological technologies and construction funds,and poor construction of infrastructure and ecological management in agriculture.Moreover,there are many scientific and technological issues which should be studied,e.g.,the concept and classification of ecological agriculture,the ecological processes,mechanisms and functions of ecosystems,the scale transformation and spatial and temporal change patterns,and the security of ecological agriculture.To promote the ecological agriculture in China,it is necessary to conduct eco-agricultural planning in whole China,to increase construction fund and put forward a series of new favorable policies for the construction of agricultural infrastructure and social service systems,to restructure and optimize agriculture and develop ecological industries,and to promote the industrialization,standardization and information development of ecological agriculture.

Ecological ditch system with interception function and its effects on controlling farmland non-point pollution

YANG Linzhang, ZHOU Xiaoping, WANG Jianguo, WANG Dejian, SHI Weiming, SHI Longxin

2005, (11):  1371-1374. 

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Aiming at the severity of farmland non-point pollution and the fact of more population with less arable land in Taihu Lake basin,this paper set forward a new ecological engineering solution,ecological ditch system with interception function,which consisted of project part and plant part.This system could decrease flow rate,promote the sedimentation of particulate materials carried by paddy runoff,enhance the plant absorption and removal of the nutrients from ditch wall,water body and sediments,and thus,effectively prevent the runoff nutrients from paddy fields entering into adjacent water bodies.The plants in the ditch system could bring back definite economic returns and gave good aesthetic sights,and the removal rate of runoff total-N and total-P by the ditch system was 48.36% and 40.53%,respectively.Another distinct character of the solution was no additional land costs,which accorded with the reality of the farmland ditches in plain region with water nets,possessing a good practical prospect.