Loading...
Welcome to Chinese Journal of Ecology! Today is Share:

Table of Content

    10 April 2006, Volume 25 Issue 04
    Articles
    Biomass of tropical montane rain forest in Xishuangbanna of Southwest China
    ZHENG Zheng;LIU Hongmao;FENG Zhili
    2006, 25(04):  347-353 . 
    Asbtract ( 2081 )  
    This paper observed the tropical montane climate in Xishuangbanna of Southwest China,investigated the biomass of tropical montane rain forest in 5 plots (0.16~0.25 hm2) at the altitude of 1 100~1 820 m there,built the biomass regression equation and estimated the biomass of montane rain forest,and compared the results derived from the biomass regression equations of the tropical seasonal rain forest distributed at lower area and the montane rain forest.At the two altitudes of 1 105 and 1 610 m,the average annual temperature was 20.1 and 16.6 ℃,annual relative humidity was 81% and 84%,average annual rainfall was 1 659 and 2 011 mm,and the rainfall in dry season (from November to next April) was 295 and 283 mm,respectively.In the 5 plots,the biomass ranged from 256.4 to 368.6 t·hm-2,with a mean of 312.6 t·hm-2.The biomass of tree layer accounted for 97.1% of the total,and that of shrub,woody liana,and herb layers accounted for 1.3%,1.2% and 0.4%,respectively.Using the biomass regression equation of the tropical seasonal rain forest to estimate the biomass of montane rain forest would make the total biomass and the biomass of stem and root overestimated by 38.3%~61.5%,respectively,and make the branch biomass underestimated by 7.6%~30.8%.The results suggested that in the tropical montane rain forest in Xishuangbanna,the rainfall mostly occurred in rain season was increased with increasing altitude.The biomass of tropical montane rain forest was 32.6% lower than that of tropical seasonal rain forest,and the biomass regression equation derived from tropical seasonal rain forest was not suitable to the estimation of the biomass of tropica
    Interspecific association and correlation of dominant species in Oxytropis coerulea community in Wutai Mountains
    YAN Meifang1;SHANGGUAN Tieliang2;ZHANG Jintun3;CAO Yang1
    2006, 25(04):  354-358 . 
    Asbtract ( 2416 )  
    By using χ2 test for 2×2 contingency table and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient,We studied the interspecific relationships of dominant species in Oxytropis coerulea community in Wutai Mountains.A total of 18 plant species and 153 species-pairs interspecific association were investigated.The results indicated that only 6 species-pairs showed significant or highly significant association in χ2 test,while 18 species-pairs had significant or highly significant correlation in Spearman’s rank test.Therefore,Spearman’s rank test was more accurate and reliable.Generally,most species were not closely related with each other.The species with similar biological features tended to be positively associated and correlated,while those with different biological features and different adaptabilities to the habitats or existing inter-competitions tended to be negatively associated and correlated.
    Changes of landscape pattern in red soil hilly region of Central Hunan Province
    LI Zhongwu;ZENG Guangming;ZHU Hua;FANG Yong;YANG Xiaocong;HUANG Yaxian
    2006, 25(04):  359-363 . 
    Asbtract ( 2326 )  
    The red soil hilly region of Central Hunan Province is one of the most ecologically fragile regions in China.In this paper,a case study was made on the changes of landscape pattern in Changsha City,using the techniques of geographic information system (GIS) and remote sense (RS).The analysis of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imageries of 1986 and 2000 showed that in the City,forest was the main landscape type,and farmland was also an important component.Because of human activities,particularly urbanization and farming,the diversity and fragmentation degree of the landscape pattern increased gradually,while its stability was strengthened.Markov model was used to simulate the trend of landscape pattern change,and the comparison between simulated and observed values showed that this model could be used to simulate the landscape pattern change of red soil hilly area.The forecasting on the landscape pattern of Changsha City in 2005~2020 indicated that the area for residence would be increased year by year with the enhancement of urbanization.
    Species diversity of typical wetland plant communities in Sanjiang Plain
    LOU Yanjing;ZHAO Kuiyi;HU Jinming
    2006, 25(04):  364-368 . 
    Asbtract ( 2462 )  
    The investigation on the species and composition characteristics of Carex lasiocarpa and Calamagrostis angustifolia communities distributed mostly in Sanjiang Plain showed that C.lasiocarpa and C.pseudocuraica were the dominant species,with the total important value 56.4%.C.angustifolia was the dominant species of C.angustifolia community,with the important value 50.8%.Species diversity analysis suggested that there were some fluctuations in Simpson (D),ShannonWiener (H) indices,and Pielou evenness (J) of the two communities.In these two communities,significant positive correlation was observed between H and J,significant negative correlation existed between H and D,but no significant correlation was found between H and D.The H,D,J and S of C.lasiocarpa community were higher than those of C.angustifolia community,but the difference was no significant.The similarity index of the two communities was 46.5%,indicating that there was a definite relation between them.
    Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on photosynthesis of maize
    LUO Nanshu1;ZHONG Zhangcheng2
    2006, 25(04):  369-373 . 
    Asbtract ( 2322 )  
    Under natural conditions,we studied the photosynthesis of maize (Zea mays L.) in its whole life treated with different intensities,i.e.,0 (CK),0.01 (R1) and 0.015 J·m-2·s-1 (R2) of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation.The results showed that enhanced UV-B radiation reduced the photosynthetic pigment (including chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid) contents,Hill reaction activity,stamotal conductance,and net photosynthetic rate of maize seedling’s leaf,but had no effects on the photosynthesis of fully grown plant.
    Thermal adaptation of Polyrhachis vicina and thermal dependence of its locomotor performance
    SU Lina;LI Xiaochen;JIN Chuan
    2006, 25(04):  374-378 . 
    Asbtract ( 2094 )  
    In this study,Polyrhachis vicina was acclimated at 15,20,25 and 30 ℃ under a 14 L∶10 D dark-light cycle for 2 weeks,aiming to evaluate its thermal adaptation,and the thermal dependence of its locomotor performance.Preferred temperature (PT),critical high temperature (CHT),and critical low temperature (CLT) were measured by using a thermal gradient apparatus,and pause frequency (PF),sprint speed (SS) and maximum distance covered by continuous locomotion (MDCCL) were selected as the locomotor parameters of P.vicina.The results showed that acclimation temperature had significant effects on the PF,CHT,CLT,SS,PF and MDCCL,and all the indices except PF were positively correlated with acclimation temperature.The final preferendum was about 30.54 ℃,CHT was not higher than 45 ℃,and CLT was not lower than 3 ℃.P.vicina acclimated at higher temperature had an enhanced locomotor performance,relative to that acclimated at lower temperature.
    Nutrient status and enzyme activities of acidified tailings under different plant communities
    REN Guanju;SUN Qingye;AN Shuqing;LI Yuan,LI Xu
    2006, 25(04):  379-382 . 
    Asbtract ( 2011 )  
    Nutrient status and enzyme activities of acidified tailings in the Tongling copper mine area under Phragmites australis,Cynodon dactylon,and Paspalum distichum communities were studied in this paper.The pH value,electric conductivity,and contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the tailings were determined by routine methods,and the activities of catalase,arylsulfatase,urase,acid phosphomonoesterase and dehydrogenase were determined by substratereaction method.Comparing with acidified bare tailings,the tailings under P.australis,C.dactylon,and P.distichum communities had higher pH value and lower electric conductivity,and their acidification process was slowed down.P.australis and C.dactylon communities could increase the total nitrogen,available potassium and organic matter contents of the tailings significantly (P<0.05),but the available phosphorus content of the tailings under the three natural plant communities did not have any change.The establishment of plant communities also increased the catalase,arylsulfatase and urase activities of the tailings significantly (P<0.05),but the activities of acid phosphomonoesterase and dehydrogenase did not increased significantly.Under plant communities,the tailings were meliorated,and P.australis and C.dactylon communities had better effects than P.distichum community.The activities of test enzymes except acid phosphomonoesterase had a significantly positive correlation (P<0.01) with the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen,which provided scientific evidence to use enzyme activities as the indicators of the tailings’ properties.
    Effects of aquacultured economic plants on phosphorus removal from sewage
    XU Xiaofeng1,3;SHI Longxin2;XU Hai1;YANG Linzhang1
    2006, 25(04):  383-388 . 
    Asbtract ( 2210 )  
    In this paper,13 kinds of economic plants were aqua-cultured in a wastewater system to test their capability in phosphorous removal from sewage.The results showed that among the plants tested,Lolium multiflorum,Oenanthe stolonifera,Lactuca sativa var.angustana,Polygonum iapathifolium,Lactuca sativa,Allium ascalonicum and Brassica chinensis could remove the phosphorus from wastewater effectually.During the 4.5 months of aquaculture,the removal amount of total phosphorus by the 7 plant species was 10.27,10.35,6.5~6.89,6.91,5.72,5.46 and 6.19 g·m-2,and the removal rate was 94.5%,95.2%,93.6%~99.3%,99.6%,99.5%,95% and 89.2%,respectively.Phosphorus absorption by plants was the most important way to remove the phosphorus from sewage,and the efficiency of phosphorus removal was correlated with the growth period of plants.It was indicated that 7 kinds of economic plants including L.multiflorum and O.stolonifera were suitable for aquaculture in south Jiangsu Province in winter.
    Characters of soil arthropod community in Haidian District of Beijing
    PENG Tao1,2;OUYANG Zhiyun2;WEN Lizhang1;ZHENG Hua2
    2006, 25(04):  389-394 . 
    Asbtract ( 2488 )  
    To investigate the structure and species composition of urban soil arthropod community is of significance in protecting urban species diversity.In this paper,a total of 4 984 soil arthropod samples belonging to 36 genera,16 orders and 6 classes were collected from Beijing by hand-sort and Tullgren filler,among which,Acarina,Formicidae and Collembola were the dominant groups,accounting for 32.6%,27.83% and 26.91% of the total,respectively.The characteristics of soil arthropod community varied in different functional areas of Beijing.The average density of soil arthropod community was in order of park (P)> backyard of department (D)> campus (C)> industrial (I)> main traffic line (T) > residential (R),while the richness was in order of P>T>C>I>D>R.As for the arthropod in soils with different vegetation covers,its average density,richness,and diversity were in order of woodland>lawn>sidewalk trees>bare land.Soil arthropod community had a distinct vertical distribution.Both its individual numbers and genera numbers decreased with increasing soil depth.The composition of soil arthropod community in Beijing urban ecosystems was similar to that of its woodland ecosystems.
    Effects of light,salinity and sowing depth on seed germination of Cleistogenes songorica and Plantago lessingii
    YU Xiaojun1;WANG Yanrong2;LONG Ruijun1,3
    2006, 25(04):  395-398 . 
    Asbtract ( 1920 )  
    Cleistogenes songorica and Plantago lessingii are the important native plant species in desert grasslands of northwest China,and play a significant role in pasture production and vegetation restoration.The study on the seed germination characteristics of C.songorica and P.lessingii under different light,salinity and sowing depth showed that C.songorica and P.lessingii seeds had a higher germination rate when fostered in light than in dark.The germination rate declined linearly with increasing NaCl concentration ranged from 0 to 0.3 mol·L-1,and decreased faster for C.songorica than P.lessingii.The seeds of these two species could not germinate when the NaCl concentration reached 0.4 mol·L-1.A low NaCl concentration could promote radicle growth,while excessive NaCl would lead to inhibition.Salinity always prohibited the germination of test seeds.Seed germination rate decreased with increasing sowing depth,and no germination was found when the sowing depth was > 2 cm.
    Niche characteristics of dominant populations in Cycas fairylakea community
    WANG Dianpei1;CHEN Feipeng2;LI Bifang2;JI Shuyi2
    2006, 25(04):  399-404 . 
    Asbtract ( 2291 )  
    The analysis on the niche characteristics of dominant populations in Cycas fairylakea community by calculating niche breadth and niche overlap showed that the dominant populations with wide niche breadth had an entire niche overlap with other populations,whereas the populations with small niche breadth did not have a necessarily entire niche overlap with the populations of wide niche breadth.The populations with similar niche breadth had a large niche overlap,and the large niche overlap between dominant populations would cause the changes of community composition and structure,and thus,affect the development of the community because of resource competition.With the growth from understory to stand canopy,the niche overlap between two same populations changed from large to small.The larger niche overlap of C.fairylakea and mesophilous dominant populations indicated that there was a promotion between them,and no competition existed due to the difference of their plant height.Therefore,rebuilding the composition of C.fairylakea community to make the mesophilous populations be dominant ones may be helpful to recover and develop C.fairylakea population.
    Stress of surrounding areas landscape fragmentation on Tongguling National Nature Reserve
    WU Jisheng1;LIU Huiqing1;LIU Xiaoman2
    2006, 25(04):  405-409 . 
    Asbtract ( 2192 )  
    Based on the SPOT-5 RS image data in 2004 and using ERDAS and ArcGIS to pick up landscape classification information,this paper studied the landscape fragmentation of the surrounding areas of Tongguling National Natural Reserve,and the ecological stress of this fragmentation on the Reserve.PD,LPI,AWMSI,AWMPFD and PSCOV landscape indices were selected to analyze the landscape fragmentation,and ArcGIS spatial analysis was used to explore the ecological stress.The results showed that landscape fragmentation was serious in Tongguling area.In the 1 km buffer zone outside the Reserve,coast-protected forests were destroyed,mangrove forests were decreasing,and high position aquaculture ponds were constructed in large areas.These environmental problems threatened the healthy and sustainable development of the Nature Reserve.
    A comparison of several water-saving and drought-resistance practices in rice cultivation
    LI Xuyi;MA Jun;WANG Hezheng;ZHANG Rongping;LI Yan
    2006, 25(04):  410-416 . 
    Asbtract ( 1950 )  
    In this paper,field experiment was conducted to investigate the differences of field ecological condition,growth and development,relevant physiological and biochemical characteristics,yield formation,grain yield,and water use efficiency of three rice varieties under conditions of film mulch,straw mulch,intensified cultivation,and no mulch.Compared to film mulch,straw mulch had great advantages in enhancing root activity,retarding leaf aging,and increasing young leaf’s soluble sugar content,but the final grain yield decreased by 12.7%~17.1% because of the lag of prophase growth.The grain yield under mulch and intensified cultivation was higher than that without mulch.Compared with no mulch,the water use efficiency under intensified cultivation was increased by 12.9%~19.3%,and grain yield was increased by 24.7%~30.2%.Therefore,intensified cultivation should be an effective technique for water utilization.
    Insect species diversity in ecologically restored area of Yuanmou dry and hot valley
    LI Kun1;LUO Changwei1;CHEN You2;SUN Yongyu1;HE Qiuju3
    2006, 25(04):  417-422 . 
    Asbtract ( 2518 )  
    The valleys in Southwest China are hot and dry because of rain shadow effect.On their slopes,the main vegetation is savanna.Due to heavy human disturbance,the vegetation has been devastated or severely degraded,resulting in severe water and soil erosion.Some tree species such as Eucalypt,Acacia,and Leucaena have been introduced for revegetation and shown good growth during the past ten years,but little is known whether the insect community diversity is recovered along with the revegetation.This study investigated the species diversity of insect community collected from six different vegetation formations in Yuanmou dry and hot valley,including two natural (twitch-grass and aalii brushwood) and four artificial vegetations (pure Eucalyptus,Eucalyptus camaldulensis+Leucaena leuacocephala mixed forest,Acacia auriculaeformis+Leucaena leucocephala mixed forest,and Eucalyptus camaldalensis+Acacia auriculaeformis mixed forest).The results showed that vegetation component was the key factor affecting the species diversity of insect community.Mixed forestation was an effective forestation technology,which promoted insect community diversity and helped local insect settle down in degenerated place.By using principal component analysis,the six vegetation formations were divided into tow groups.The first group was eucalyptus pure plantation,with its environment unitary and wilder,and the second group was made up by the other five vegetation formations,with richer species diversity and higher moisture.The characteristics and quantities of the dominant and peculiar insects in different vegetation formations showed that among three mixed forests,Acacia auriculaeformis+Leucaena leucocephala mixed forest was the best afforestation model which could improve environment and increase insect species diversity,although some factors such as human activity slowed down the recovery of insect community diversity.
    Methane emission from freshwater marshes in Sanjiang Plain and its affecting factors in arid year
    YANG Wenyan1,2;SONG Changchun1;LUAN Zhaoqing1;ZHANG Jinbo1,2
    2006, 25(04):  423-427 . 
    Asbtract ( 1991 )  
    To understand the mechanism and affecting factors of CH4 emission from freshwater marshes,we studied in situ the CH4 emission in Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China,and its possible affecting factors.The results showed that from April to October 2003,the average CH4 flux (3.30 mg·m-2·h-1) from Carex lasiocarpa marsh was lower than that (4.91 mg·m-2·h-1) from Deyeucia angustifolia marsh,but the difference was not significant.There were obvious changes in CH4 flux from these marshes at different stages,and the controlling factor was not the same.In April,lower temperature limited CH4 flux,but no significant difference was observed between the two marshes.From May to July,CH4 flux from D.angustfolia marsh was significantly higher than that from C.lasiocarpa marsh (P<0.01),which mainly resulted from thawing-freezing action.In August,stem density and active organic carbon concentration in profiles became controlling factors,and the CH4 flux from C.lasiocarpa marsh was higher than that from D.angustifolia marsh.
    Ecological effects of dam:Concepts,research hotspots and prospects
    YAO Weike;CUI Baoshan;LIU Jie;DONG Shikui
    2006, 25(04):  428-434 . 
    Asbtract ( 4517 )  
    Despite of the significance in energy supply and society- and economy development,dam has been vehemently criticized because of its various ecological and environmental effects,especially the negative ones.The ecological effects of dam involve in wide range and long term,which cause certain influence on the ecology and environment through the changes in aquatic ecosystem and hydrological condition.Based on the characters of dam and watershed ecosystem,the latest researches were focused on the ecological effects of dam in regulating hydrological process and local ecological condition,barrier effects and insularity,intercepting effects,edge effects,and water thermal effects.Deriving from the concepts of food chain and web,this paper defined the ecological effect chain and web of dam,on the basis of analyzing the conception and connotation of ecological effect,and firstly,its history,and put forward the research directions on the ecological effects of dam,i.e.,1) what the ecological positive effects and the ecological effect chains and webs are,and how to explore,build and assess them,2) how to identify and underline the ecological effects on the ecosystem process and condition,3) how to address and distinguish the characteristics of each ecological effect at different temporal and spatial scale,make the relationships between them clear,and to scale down and up.These researches would avail our serious consideration to the planning,building,operating and managing of dams.
    Effects of climate change on soil organic carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystem
    GUO Guangfen1,2;ZHANG Chengyi2;XU Ying2
    2006, 25(04):  435-442 . 
    Asbtract ( 2362 )  
    To understand the impacts of climate change on the soil organic carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems is of significance in predicting the changes of soil organic carbon in the future,and the interactions between terrestrial ecosystems and climate change.We presented the approaches of soil profile measurement,soil organic carbon modeling,and others to estimate the soil organic carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems,and the uncertainty of these estimations.The research progress in understanding the effects of climate change on soil organic carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems and the modeling of corresponding processes were reviewed,and the estimations of soil organic carbon storage changes under future climate changes were pointed out,with some questions in the estimations put forward.
    Soil microbial biomass nitrogen and its role in nitrogen cycling
    QIU Shaojun1,2;PENG Peiqin1,2;LIU Qiang1;RONG Xiangmin1
    2006, 25(04):  443-448 . 
    Asbtract ( 2684 )  
    The content of soil microbial biomass nitrogen (BN) and its affecting factors were reviewed,the important roles of soil microbial biomass nitrogen in soil nitrogen cycling were described,and the relationships of soil microbial biomass nitrogen with soil mineralizable nitrogen,mineral nitrogen,organic nitrogen and fixed ammonium were emphatically discussed in this paper.It was indicated that soil microbial biomass nitrogen had a close relationship with the nitrogen-supplying capability of soil,and played an important role in controlling soil nitrogen supply,decreasing soil nitrogen loss,and increasing the efficiency of applied fertilizer nitrogen.The further research items in soil microbial biomass nitrogen were also put forward in this paper.
    Carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis on plant defense
    DENG Bin1,2;ZENG Dehui1
    2006, 25(04):  449-455 . 
    Asbtract ( 2358 )  
    Carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis (CNBH) consists of the ideas that the concentration of secondary metabolites in plant tissues is determined by the availabilities of carbon and other nutrients in environment,the allocation of defensive compounds in plant tissues is dependent on basic stoichiometric requirements,and the prerequisite of resources allocation to defensive compounds is the excess of resources in satisfying plant growth.Since the introduction of CNBH,its applicability has been more restricted,and its ability in predicting and explaining experimental outcomes has become less powerful.To remedy the shortcomings of CNBH and make it continuously guide the studies of the interactions between plant and herbivore,and of the effects of resources availability in plant defense and growth,some refinements and modifications to the CNBH were made.But,instead of salvage,some natural flaws exposed more apparently.Some researches elucidated that CNBH was no longer a general or internally consistent model.With the progress in relevant researches,there is a considerable dissatisfaction to CNBH.The basic assumptions of CNBH are now known to be incorrect,and there exist alternative approaches,such as growth-differentiation balance hypothesis (GDBH),among which,GDBH is most mature on plant defense.The GDBH not only shares the benefits of CNBH,but also possesses more complete mechanistic basis in plant physiology and evolution,resulting in taking the place of CNBH.
    Effects of bryophytes on plant natural regeneration
    LIN Fei1,2;HAO Zhanqing1;YE Ji1
    2006, 25(04):  456-460 . 
    Asbtract ( 2592 )  
    Seed is the foundation of plant natural regeneration,and the growth of seedlings and young trees is the most sensitive stage of this regeneration process.As the main ground cover of many ecosystems,bryophytes play an important role in the process of vascular plants’ natural regeneration.In many vegetation types,there are bryophyte communities with good development.Many researches proved that the existence of bryophytes could affect the germination,build-up,and growth of vascular plants,and further,affect the symbiosis of plant species.Some bryophyte species could even indicate the regeneration of tree species.We reviewed the effects of bryophytes on the early stage of plant regeneration,including the microclimate changes induced by the physiological characteristics of bryophytes,and the effects of bryophyte communities on seed dispersal,seed germination,and seedlings establishment,and discussed the interspecific relationships between bryophytes and vascular plants in the stage of regeneration,and the allelopathy of bryophytes on vascular plants.
    Research advance in photodegradation and photoactive-biological oxidation of poycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different media
    ZHANG Lihong1,2;LI Peijun1;GONG Zongqiang1;LIU Wan1
    2006, 25(04):  461-466 . 
    Asbtract ( 2187 )  
    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the ubiquitous organic pollutants in the environment,and their degradation has been of public concern.Among the degradation ways of these pollutants in the environment,photodegradation is the important one.We summarized the research advance in the photodegradation of PAHs in gas,liquid,and solid phases,with the focus on the photodegradation rate in liquid media,its affecting factors,intermediates,mechanisms and dynamics,and photoactivebiological oxidation.At present,it is urgent to establish systematic and effective methodologies in studying the photodegradation of PAHs to understand the related mechanisms and affecting factors exactly.
    Time-activity budget of Falco tinnunculus in winter in Shanghai suburb
    XIONG Lihu;LU Jianjian
    2006, 25(04):  467-470 . 
    Asbtract ( 2148 )  
    Employing random individuals and continuous sampling methods,this paper quantified the diurnal timeactivity budgets of Falco tinnunculus from November 2003 to February 2004 in Shanghai suburb.The results showed that the individuals of F.tinnunculus spent most time in perching (44.45%) and hunting (18.83%),with less time spent on sitting (12.17%),flying (9.98%),soaring (8.11%),wind hovering (3.46%),preening (1.70%),and interacting (1.32%) during their active daytime.In early morning,midday and late afternoon,the individuals spent high proportion of time on perching.There were two hunting peaks in a day,respectively in morning and afternoon.Two activity peaks of the individuals were observed in midmorning (8∶00~10∶00) and midafternoon (13∶00~15∶00).Correlation analysis suggested that the two activity peaks were composed of hunting and its related activities,including flying and wind hovering.