Table of Content

10 September 2006, Volume 25 Issue 09

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Articles

Calamogrostis angustifolia population density at different water levels

BU Dongfang^1，2; HU Jinming¹; ZHOU Demin^1，2; ZHAO Kuiyi¹

2006, 25(09):  1009-1013 . 

Asbtract ( 1978 )  

Calamogrostis angustifolia is one of the representative plants in Sanjiang Plain. Under controlled water levels, the population densities in C. angustifolia and C. angustifolia-Carex communities were investigated, and the relationships between population density and water level were analyzed. The results showed that the seasonal dynamics of C. angustifolia population density in C. angustifolia communities possossed a bimodal curve at water levels from 0 to 20 cm, while that C. angustifolia-Carex communities displayed abimodal curve at -10, 0 and 30 cm water levels. In C. angustifolia communities, except at 10 and 20 cm water levels, the higher the water level, the lower the population density was. While in C. angustifolia-Carex communities, the population density was the highest at 0cm water level, with no linear relationship observed between the population density and water level. The C. angustifolia population densities of the two communities had a distinct change at 10 cm water level,i.e., with an initial rapidly increase, then slowed down, and then increased again. There was a significant negative correlation between the population density and water level, and thus, the C. angustifolia population density at different water levels could be estimated through fitted polynomial equations.

Effects of salt and water stress on seed germination of halophytes Kalidium foliatum and Halostachys caspica

ZENG Youling; CAI Zhongzhen; MA Ji; ZHANG Fuchun; WANG Bo

2006, 25(09):  1014-1018 . 

Asbtract ( 2248 )  

The study showed that after, the seed germination of two halophytes kalidium foliatum and Halostachys caspica treated with different concentration NaCl solutions and iso-osmotic PEG was inhibited, and iso-osmotic PEG had a greater inhibitory effect than iso-osmotic NaCl, suggesting that osmotic stress was the main factor affecting halophytes seed germination. The inhibitory effects of NaCl and water stress mainly reflected in lowering seed germination rate, delaying initial germination time, and extending germination duration. Both of the halophytes had strong salt tolerance. When NaCl concentration was from 0 to 300 mmol·L^-1, the relative germination rate of H. caspica was over 95%, and that of K. foliatum was over 80%, indicating that H. caspica was more salt-tolerant than K. foliatum. For H. caspica, its fit value of salt-tolerance was 332.5 mmol·L^-1, critical value was 540 mmol·L^-1, and the maximum value was 749 mmol·L^-1, while for K. foliatum, the corresponding values were 246.5 mmol·L^-1, 391.8 mmol·L^-1 and 537 mmol·L^-1 respectively. Low concentration NaCl solution promoted shoot growth. The two halophytes treated by 100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl had the maximum length of root and shoot, and the shoot grew well.

Temporal and spatial changes of plant biomass and its N content during vegetation succession at Chongming Dongtan wetland

YAN Qian; HE Wenshan; LU Jianjian

2006, 25(09):  1019-1023 . 

Asbtract ( 4990 )  

This paper studied the temporal and spatial changes of the biomass and N content of dominant plant species at their different succession stages in Chongming Dongtan wetland. The results showed that the biomass increased gradually during growth season and reached its peak in summer, while its N content was the maximum at early growth stage and the minimum at late growth stage. During succession, the largest biomass was found at midsuccession stage. The N content in the underground part of the plants decreased with succession, while that in the aboveground part increased from mid-succession stage. The vegetation N sink in 1 hm² wetland decreased in the sequence of late succession stage>mid-succession stage>early succession stage. Among the test species, Phraqmites australis accumulated about 227.5 t N in its aboveground part, and Spartina alterniflora and Scirpus mariqueter accumulated 45.9t and 68.2t N, espectively.

Effects of inhibitors-amended urea on celery growth and its quality

LIU Yonggang^1,2; WU Zhijie¹; CHEN Lijun¹; ZHANG Lili¹; SUN Zhimei^1,2;SHI Yunfeng^1,2; JUAN Yinghua^1,2

2006, 25(09):  1024-1027 . 

Asbtract ( 1933 )  

With pot experiment, this paper studied the effects of urea amended with dicyandiamide (D-U), 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP-U), and dicyandiamide plus hydroquinone (H-D-U) on the growth of celery and its quality. The results showed that applying test urea fertilizers could enhance the aboveground biomass and its proportion to total biomass, decrease the nitrate content of leaf and stem, while increase their vitamin C, amino acid, and crude protein contents. H-D-U had the best effect in decreasing the nitrate accumulation in celery tissues.

Changes of rubber plantation aboveground biomass along elevation gradient in Xishuangbanna

JIA Kaixin;ZHENG Zheng;ZHANG Yipin

2006, 25(09):  1028-1032 . 

Asbtract ( 2529 )  

The investigation on the aboveground biomass of rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna at low (550～600 m), medium (750～800 m), and high (950～1 050 m) elevations showed that the aboveground biomass and its dry weight were decreased with increasing elevation, and there was a significant difference at different elevations. The dry weight of the biomass was higher than 70%. The biomass of branch and leaf, which occupied 20% and 5% of the aboveground biomass, respectively, was the highest at medium elevation, and the lowest at high elevation. Temperature was possibly one of main factors affecting the biomass. The biomass of aboveground organs at the three elevations ranked in the order of stem > branch > leaf. Using the regression model of rubber plantation biomass at low elevation to calculate the biomass at medium and high elevations, and the mixed model to calculate the biomass at the three elevations would bring errors to a certain extent.

Characteristics of fluorescence emission spectrum at 77 K of diatom and chrysophyta in Chromaphytae

SANG Min; LI Aifen; XU Ning; LIU Taisheng; DUAN Shunshan

2006, 25(09):  1033-1037 . 

Asbtract ( 1793 )  

This paper determined the fluorescence emission spectrum at 77 K of four diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum,Cheatoceros mulleri,Skeletonema costatum and Pseudo-nitzschia pungens and three chrysophytas Isochrysis zhanjiangensis, Pavlova viridis and Phaeocystis globosa, with that of other algae in Chromaphytae and of higher plant Spinacia oleracea compared. The results showed that these four diatoms and three chrysophytas had a similar fluorescence emission spectrum at 77 K,i.e., a significant major fluorescence emission at 684～686 nm and a not significant shoulder peak near 700 nm from thylakoid membrane, and had no fluorescence emission at 730 nm, the characteristic of PS I in higher plants, which were consistent with the spectral properties of brown algae in Chromaphytae. It was suggested that the lack of longwavelength fluorescence emission at 730 nm from PS I in Chromaphytae might be of common, predicting the great differences of PS I structure and energy transfer between Chromaphytae algae and higher plants.

Microclimatic effects along environmental gradient in karst rocky desertified area:A case study of a small catchment in Huajiang Gorge of Guizhou Province

RONG Li^1,2; WANG Shijie¹; DU Xuelian^1,2

2006, 25(09):  1038-1043 . 

Asbtract ( 2237 )  

Based on the measurement of light intensity, air temperature, soil temperature, soil humidity, and relative humidity (RH) in a typical karst rocky desertified catchment of Huajiang Gorge of Guizhou Province, this paper compared and analyzed the distribution characteristics and daily changes of these microclimatic parameters on latent (L), slight (SL), medium (M), and strong (ST) rocky desertified lands. The results showed that light intensity, air temperature, and their changing amplitude followed the order of SE>M>SL>L, soil temperature and soil humility followed the order of M>SE>SL>L, and RH and its changing amplitude followed the order of SE>M>SL>L. Compared with those on latent rocky desertified land, the daily average RH on strong rocky desertified land was 13% less in rainy season and 35% less in dry season, light intensity was 4 times more, air temperature was 3 ℃ higher in rainy season, surface soil (0～5 cm) temperature had a 16.5 ℃ difference, and daily average soil water content was 4.97% less. All of these demonstrated that the modulation ability of karst ecosystem decreased seriously with increasing degree of karst rocky desertification.

Plant community succession of degradation and desertification in sandy grassland

DING Yong; NIU Jianming; YANG Chi

2006, 25(09):  1044-1051 . 

Asbtract ( 1968 )  

The observed data of plant communities in 1984 and 2001 at 28 plots, and those of soils in 2001 at corresponding 24 plost of sandy grassland in Duolun County were analyzed by TWINSPAN (Two-way Indicator Species Analysis), DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) and CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis). The results showed that according to the succession series in degradation, desertification or restoration, five vegetation types in the study area were classified. The succession series of plant communities was spatially similar both in 1984 and in 2001, furthermore, was also distinguished when the temporal dynamics was analyzed among 17 years. The grassland was degraded obviously at present days than in 1984. The succession of degradation, desertification or restoration of grassland plant communities showed some relationships with the changes of soil properties, while the changes of plant community were not coincident with those of soil properties when the temporal dynamics was taken into account. Soil texture, nutrients and organic matter changed slowly, compared with the changes of plant community.

Correlations between vegetation distribution and topographical factors in the northwest of Longmen Mountain, Sichuan Province

CHEN Yao¹; XU Xiao²; ZHANG Deran¹; WEI Yong¹

2006, 25(09):  1052-1055 . 

Asbtract ( 2040 )  

Employing the statistical topographical data obtained from remote sensing images and by GIS technique, and with the methods of Crosstabs analysis and factor analysis, this paper studied the correlations between vegetation distribution and topographical factors in the northwest of Longmen Mountain, Sichuan Province. The results showed that in this area, vegetation distribution had a significant correlation with topographical factors, among which, altitude was the most important, with its loading value in the first main component being 0.929. Slope and aspect were also important affecting factors, with their loading values in the second and third main components being 0.989 and 0.998, respectively.

Affecting factors of runoff in typical river basin of hilly area in Shandong Pen insula

CUI Buli¹; CHANG Xueli¹; CHEN Yalin¹; TAN Dingshan²; LI Xiguo²

2006, 25(09):  1056-1060 . 

Asbtract ( 1870 )  

In this paper, a digital elevation model (DEM) for the Dagujia River basin in Shandong Peninsula was created by 3S techniques, and the precipitation in this basin was calculated by interpolation method. Nine factors, including population, GDP and land use type that reflected human activities, and precipitation and air temperature that reflected climate changes, were adopted to analyze their effects on the runoff in the basin by using association analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The results of association analysis showed that precipitation, woodland and orchard had significant correlation with runoff. The PCA results indicated that population, cropland, orchard, woodland and water land that reflected human activities were the major affecting factors of runoff, and their cumulative proportion reached to 73.96%. Precipitation was the second major factor of runoff, and its cumulative proportion reached to 11.38%.

Current status of nature reserves management in parts of China

YU Hong^1,3;XIAO Shuguang²;YANG Xiaohui¹;CUI Guofa³;LUO Juchun³;ZHANG Xuesun²

2006, 25(09):  1061-1067 . 

Asbtract ( 2057 )  

An investigation on the current status of 15 nature reserves in six provinces of China showed that there was a significant difference in the management quality of nature reserves established at different time, and the main limiting factor was investment and its concerned sectors. The 15 nature reserves were clustered into 3 categories, representing different development stages of nature reserves in China. The nature reserves established under different backgrounds had different management characteristics, and the management was not really based on ecological construction and resources conservation. According to the current status of nature reserves management, the six provinces could also be clustered into 3 categories, among which, the provinces such as Liaoning and Jiangxi had some similarities in the management, in spite of the greater differences in their resources and social economy qualities, suggesting that the management quality of nature reserves had a significant correlation with the input of fund and manpower. To develop the nature reserves in China, investment is the key of all relevant issues.

Risk regionalization of yield loss caused by drought for winter wheat in North China Plain

LIU Ronghua;ZHU Zixi;FANG Wensong;WANG Youhe;XU Pengpeng;SHI Likui

2006, 25(09):  1068-1072 . 

Asbtract ( 2100 )  

Drought is one of the most serious agricultural meteorological disasters, and the main limiting factor for raising winter wheat yield in North China. Through analyzing the decrease rate and variation coefficient of winter wheat yield and the occurrence probability of drought, this paper established a risk assessment model of winter wheat drought loss, and completed the risk regionalization of this loss in North China. The results indicated that the high risk area located in the west, northwest and southwest of Shandong Province, northeast of Hebei Province, and east of Henan Province, the medium risk area located in the middle and south of Hebei Province, north, middle and west of Henan Province, and middle hilly areas of Shandong Province, and the low risk area located in the middle and south of Shandong Province, and south and south-west of Henan Province, accounting for 19.8%， 34%, and 46.2% of the whole North China, respectively.

Calcareous soil’s faunal diversity in different habitats of Yongzhou, Hunan Province

YUAN Jinrong; ZHU Xun; ZHU Yaan; LIN Zhonggui

2006, 25(09):  1073-1076 . 

Asbtract ( 2150 )  

The investigation on the calcareous soil’s faunal diversity in 5 different habitats of Yongzhou, Hunan Province showed that a total of 2 024 soil animals were observed, which belonged to 4 phylums, 10 classes, and 30 orders. The dominant groups were nematoda, acarina, and collembola, accounted for 66.10% of the total, and the common groups were of 9 sorts, occupying 27.17% of the total. The test habitats had higher similarity in soil faunal horizontal distribution, and the similarity level was more significant between nursery garden and Chinese fir forest,nursery garden and cypress forest, and nursery garden and wasteland. As for the vertical distribution, only nursery garden had clear layers, and all habitats had an obvious surface aggregation of soil animals. The diversity and evenness of soil faunese in nursery garden, Chinese fir forest, and cypress forest were consistent with each other.

Daytime budget of quasi-wild Grus japonensis in its wintering

TIAN Xiuhua¹; SHI Quanhua¹; LV Shicheng²; LI Jinbang¹

2006, 25(09):  1077-1081 . 

Asbtract ( 2181 )  

By the method of instantaneous and scan sampling, this paper investigated the daily activity and time budget of quasi-wild (Grus japonensis) in its wintering at Yancheng and Zhalong Nature Reserves in January 2005. At Yancheng Nature Reserve, a natural wintering habitat of G.japonensis, the time budget of male and female adults had no significant difference, but was significantly different to that of the immatureness. At Zhalong Nature Reserve, a natural breeding habitat of G.japonensis, there was a significant difference in the behaviors of feeding, locomotion, body care and resting between male and female adults and immatureness, and the wintering adults and immatureness adopted different strategies to adapt to low temperature environment.

Degradation and its affecting factors of NBPT in soil

LI Tao^1,2; SHI Yuanliang¹; LI Xuewen³; LIN Guolin³

2006, 25(09):  1082-1086 . 

Asbtract ( 2634 )  

The incubation test showed that the half-life of NBPT was 7.2～7.6 d in non-sterilized soil, and 22.4 d in sterilized soil. When the temperature was raised from 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, the degradation rate enhanced slightly, and the half-life was shorted from 7.6 d to 6.5 d. Light intensity also had some influence on the degradation of NBPT, with the half-life of 4.5 d and 5.9 d in dark and light, respectively. Microorganism was the critical factor of NBPT depletion in soil. Environmental factors favorable for microbial growth, such as acid soil, could also enhance the degradation of NBPT in soil. Glucose could inhibit the degradation of NBPT, because it could increase soil aggregation, and thus, increase the adsorption of NBPT by soil.

Effects of landscape composition, structure and gradient pattern on plant diversity

GAO Junfeng^1,2; MA Keming²; FENG Zongwei²

2006, 25(09):  1087-1094 . 

Asbtract ( 2221 )  

Plant diversity is an important research content of biodiversity. With the development of landscape ecology and GIS, the theories of landscape ecology, meta-population, and island biogeography were applied jointly in the protection and utilization of plant diversity in past 20 years. Based on these theories, this paper discussed the effects of landscape composition (patch, corridor, and matrix), its structure (patch area, edge, and isolation), and its patterns along environmental gradient (altitude, succession, soil nutrients, and disturbance) on plant diversity, with the focus on the significance of GIS application and the necessity of plant diversity research in landscape scale. To study the combined effects of multi-factors on plant diversity in multi-scale could be helpful to the research of plant diversity change and its related mechanisms, and to the protection and utilization of plant diversity.

Plant caloric value and its bio-ecological attributes

BAO Yajing^1,2; LI Zhenghai1; HAN Xingguo²; SONG Guobao1;YANG Xiaohui¹; LV Haiyan¹

2006, 25(09):  1095-1103 . 

Asbtract ( 1668 )  

This paper introduced the definition of caloric value, its representation and significance, and the research advances in plant caloric value, with the spatio-temporal variation of caloric value among and within plant species and groups as well as the factors affecting this variation, including climate, site condition, stress environment, human disturbance, and the intrinsic factors such as carbon concentration, ash content, and chemical composition of organic matter analyzed. The perspectives and limitations on the study of plant caloric value were also discussed.

Cumulative effects of wetland environment

YUAN Zhaohua^1,2,3; LV Xianguo¹

2006, 25(09):  1104-1108 . 

Asbtract ( 1916 )  

In recent years, there are many ecological environment problems happened in developing wetland environment. Because the combination of many development patterns and factors has cumulative effects on wetland environment, the environment assessment of simple element cannot meet the need of wetland protection and utilization. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the study on the cumulative effects of wetland environment. In this paper, the definition and content of wetland cumulative effects were developed, the spatial and temporal scope of these effects was identified, and the related study methods were reviewed. The deficiency of the current study was illustrated, and the directions for further study were put forward, including the path of environment cumulative effects, the long monitoring of the cumulative effects of wetland environment, and the construction of the prediction model of environment cumulative effects.

Ecological safety assessment and countermeasures of resourcesbased cities in West China: A case study of Tongchuan City

YANG Yong; REN Zhiyuan; ZHAO Xin; ZHANG Yanfang

2006, 25(09):  1109-1113 . 

Asbtract ( 1905 )  

With rapid development of society and economy, more and more problems on ecological safety stand out, especially for the mineral resourcesbased cities in arid and semiarid regions of West China. By using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and establishing an assessment system based on natural environment system, human society pressure, and environment pollution pressure, this paper quantitatively assessed the ecological safety in Tongchuan City of Shannxi Province. The results showed that the ecological safety in Tongchuan was improvied, with the safety value increasing from 0.5397in 1997 to 0.5541 in 2002, but remained in a poor state. The pressure on environment put by natural and human factors was decreased, while environment pollution was increased. Some advices on the ecological safety in Tongchuan City were put forward,i.e., transforming production modes and develop circular economy, decreasing environment pollution and use advanced experiences for reference, utilizing water resource rationally and implement ecological project, strengthening governments supervision and establish early-warning mechanism, and to changing people’s mind in ecological safety.

Interactive effects of ecological cultural tradition and eco-environmental construction of village tourism site: A case study on Azhedi Yi People Village of Shilin County in Yunnan Province

ZHOU Hong; LU Huihui

2006, 25(09):  1114-1118 . 

Asbtract ( 1852 )  

Rural eco-tourism is a form of tourism fitted to the situation of our country, and a new industry in compliance with the requirement of sustainable development. There is a kind of interactive mechanism between ecological cultural tradition and eco-environmental construction in village tourism site. Taking the Azhedi Yi People Village of Shilin County in Yunnan Province as an example, this paper studied the effects of traditional “holy mountain” culture on the protection of forest resources and biodiversity, with emphasis on strengthening villagers ecological awareness, village regulation formulation, and ecological recycling economy, in the sustainable development of the interactive effects between ecological cultural tradition and eco-environmental construction.

Plant biomass and vegetation index of oasis ecosystem

LIU Weiguo¹; GAO Wei^1,2;GAO Zhiqiang³; GUO Kai¹; LU Guanghui¹

2006, 25(09):  1119-1123 . 

Asbtract ( 2157 )  

By using the measured data from 53 sampling sites in Fukang oasis and the related remote sensing data with 250 m resolution from 1-2 band of MODIS Thematic Mapper, this paper analyzed the relationships between plant biomass and vegetation index of oasis ecosystem, and established their monadic linear and non-linear regression models. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the plant biomass and vegetation indices NDVI and MSAVI. Among the established models, cubic equation was the most available in monitoring oasis ecosystem plant biomass and growth.

Atmospheric moisture content index in climatic zoning of grapevine cultivation in China

LI Hua; HUO Xingsan

2006, 25(09):  1124-1128 . 

Asbtract ( 1515 )  

Atmospheric moisture content is an important index affecting the quality and economic efficiency of grapevine in China. With the consideration of our climate characteristics and grapevine growth needs, and based on the comparison and analysis of several atmospheric moisture content indexes, the authors considered that the dryness index (DI=ET_C/P) in grapevine growth season (April 1-September 30) could be a proper atmospheric moisture content index for the climatic zoning of grapevine cultivation in China. It was suggested that the areas with DI<1.0, 1.0≤DI≤1.6, 1.6 as unsuitable economical cultivation, general cultivation, best cultivation, and better cultivation with irrigation, respectively.

Sustainable wastewater treatment process and its prospect

ZHANG Kaisong¹; ZHOU Qixing^1,2

2006, 25(09):  1129-1135 . 

Asbtract ( 1868 )  

In the process of wastewater treatment, the energy resource and nutrient materials contained in wastewater are consumed, while sustainable wastewater treatment can not only make wastewater harmless, but also make the contained energy resource and nutrient materials be re-utilized. In this paper, the concept, theory, methodology, technical innovation, and prospect of sustainable wastewater treatment were reviewed.

Research advances in grassland gap

LIU Guixia, HAN Jianguo

2006, 25(09):  1136-1140 . 

Asbtract ( 2085 )  

Gap is the focus of grassland ecological research over the past few decades, which plays an important role in promoting recruitment and maintaining community structure and species diversity in grassland ecosystem. Many plant species require the gaps of specific dimension, shape, and duration for their successful germination, emergence and establishment. This paper introduced the concept, formation, and functional types of gap, and summarized the research progress on grassland gap. The related researches were mainly focused on the effects of gap size and type on regeneration, and the influences of gap on community structure and species diversity. As for the gap microenvironment, few studies were made on the soil difference between gap and non-gap, and the physiological and ecological mechanisms of gap as well as the responses of plant species to gap were poorly understand. It was suggested that the studies of gap microenvironment, the physiological and ecological characteristics of plant species in gaps, and the response mechanism of species regeneration to gap should be strengthened in the future.

Research progress in environmental carrying capacity of eco-tourism in China

LI Jian^1,2;ZHONG Yongde²; WANG Zuliang³; SUN Xue²

2006, 25(09):  1141-1146 . 

Asbtract ( 2256 )  

It is of significance to study the theories and quantification methods of environmental carrying capacity for the sustainable development of eco-tourism and the harmonization between tourism activities and environment. This paper introduced the definition and theoretical development of environmental carrying capacity of eco-tourism, and its main characteristics of objective and subjective, regional and temporal, and dynamic and adjustable, as well as its research progress. On the basis of these, the quantification methods of environmental carrying capacity of ecotourism at home were analyzed, and the related research perspectives were discussed.

Ecosystem management: Its multi-objective system and methodology

TIAN Huiying^1,2; CHEN Liding¹; LV Yihe¹; FU Bojie¹

2006, 25(09):  1147-1152 . 

Asbtract ( 1812 )  

Ecosystem management is a holistic approach for sustainable resources use and reasonable protection of the environment since the 1990s, and people wish to realize the harmonious development between human and nature through this approach. As an object being managed, ecosystems are complex, dynamic and uncertain, and always guided by sets of goals that may conflict in various ways. The ecosystem management process is thus composed of huge knowledge and mass work that is not so easy to accomplish. System engineering has been prevailing in many domains in recent 20 years, which mainly studies complex large-scale systems and synthetically optimizes them through analysis and design. As the popular methods of system engineering, multi-criteria optimization and decision support system are exactly suitable for the analytical and design process of ecosystem management. Ecosystem management is a goal oriented approach. This paper presented the definitions and primary elements of ecosystem management, and introduced the methodology that described the goal structure and goal compatibility of the system being managed as well as the techniques, such as multi-objective optimization and decision support system, which could be helpful in ecosystem management.

Trapping web model and its parameter estimation

SHEN Aihua; TANG Qiyi

2006, 25(09):  1153-1156 . 

Asbtract ( 1565 )  

This paper introduced the trapping web model of mark-recapture sampling for estimating the density of animal population, and reviewed its research advances Because this model is quite complicated in estimating parameters and no statistic soft is available in China, its application was limited. The authors put forward a method of spread sheeting to estimate the model parameters and embed them in the worksheet of DPS software. An example Peromyscus spp. population density near New Mexico, USA was conducted, and the future research directions of trapping web model were dincussed.