Table of Content

10 February 2008, Volume 27 Issue 02

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Articles

Relationships between species abundance and spatial distribution pattern of broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest in Changbai Mountains of China.

WANG Xugao; HAO Zhan-qing; YE Ji; ZHANG Jian; LI Bu-hang; YAO Xiao-lin

2008, 27(02):  145-150 . 

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By using random and aggregated distribution-abundance models, this paper studied the relationships between species abundance and distribution patterns of broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest in Changbai Mountains of China under different spatial scales. The results showed that both species distribution area and species aggregation degree affected the estimated species abundance. Spatial scale had profound effects on the distribution-abundance-relationships. With the increase of spatial scale, the accuracy of species abundance estimation by the two models all declined. Aggregated distribution-abundance model could better estimate the species abundance than random distribution-abundance model, suggesting that most species were aggregately distributed. However, due to the different species distribution patterns under different spatial scales, the differences between estimated and observed data of species-abundance-varied greatly. Therefore, in order to further improve the estimation accuracy of the models, the life history of different species as well as the spatial scale and species aggregation should be considered.

Spatiotemporal variation of soil moisture and its relations with Artemisia halodendron root water content as affected by rainfall.

ZHAO Wei^1,2; ZHANG Tong-hui¹; LIU Xin-ping^1,2; WANG Shao-kun^1,2; LUO Ya-yong^1,2

2008, 27(02):  151-156 . 

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By the methods of soil coring and trenching, this paper studied the spatiotemporal variation of soil moisture around the roots of Artemisia halodendron, a native shrub mainly growing on the semifixed sand dunes in Horqin sandy land, before and after rainfall during the growth season of 2006, as well as the relationships between the soil moisture content and the water content of A. halodendron roots. The water balance was also calculated. The results showed that A. halodendron played a temporary storage role after rainfall. Under the action of main stem flow, the soil moisture content at the center of the shrub cluster was much higher than that at the places out of the center. 6 hours after rainfall, the correlation coefficient between the soil moisture content at the center of the shrub cluster and the water content of A. halodendron roots was -0.89 (P<0.01); and 126 hours after rainfall, the water content of A. halodendron roots showed a stresspulse batch reaction. The soil evapotranspiration rate under the shrub cluster was lower than that at the place 1 m away from the edge of the shrub cluster, suggesting that A. halodendron cover decreased soil evapotranspiration rate.

RAPD analysis on genetic diversity of endangered shrub Reaumuria trigyna.

ZHANG Ying-juan^1,2, WANG Yu-shan¹

2008, 27(02):  157-161 . 

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The genetic diversity of Reaumuria trigyna populations at different habitats was assessed by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 95 individuals from 5 populations were studied, and 118 loci were detected by 18 random primers, among which, 105 were polymorphic. The mean proportion of polymorphic loci was 88.98%, indicating the high genetic diversity of the R. trigyna populations. The Shannon information index (0.4966), Nei’s gene diversity index (0.3303), and gene differentiation coefficient among populations (G_st=0.1425) suggested that there were more genetic variations within population than among populations, and the genetic differentiation among populations were 14.25%. Cluster analysis showed that there was no direct correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. The genetic diversity was related to species traits and habitats. Endangered plant was not certainly displayed by lower genetic variation.

Effects of high temperature stress at late grainfilling stage and nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on wheat grain yield and quality.

ZHANG Hong-hua, HE Ming-rong, LIU Yong-huan, LI fei, WU Cui-ping, ZHANG bin, WANG Xiao-ying 

2008, 27(02):  162-166 . 

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High temperature stress at grainfilling stage often leads to reduced wheat grain yield and worsened grain quality. In order to find out effective measures to mitigate these adverse effects, a field trial with wheat variety Jimai 20 was conducted. High temperature stress at late grainfilling stage was created by plastic tunnel, and nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers were applied as basal and topdressing. The results showed that under high temperature stress, the grain yield and 1000-grain mass decreased significantly (from 19.7% to 28.3%), protein content increased, insoluble glutenin decreased while soluble glutenin increased, and the time for dough development and stabilization shortened. In the control (without high temperature stress), increasing nitrogen topdressing rate from 50% to 70% led to no significant change in grain yield but higher content of insoluble glutenin, higher polymerization index of glutenin (ratio of insoluble glutenin to soluble glutenin) and longer time for dough development and stabilization; while under high temperature stress, higher nitrogen topdressing rate resulted in a 2.07%-3.58% increase of grain yield and 1000-grain mass, and a shortened dough development and stabilization time. Compared with topdressing S, basal application of S increased the grain yield and glutenin polymerization index, and prolonged the dough development and stabilization time, whether high temperature stress existed or not. It was suggested that to mitigate the adverse effects of high temperature stress at late grain-filling stage on wheat grain yield and its quality, an appropriate fertilization mode could be a basal application of S fertilizer plus half basal applying and half topdressing N fertilizer.

Biomass and its allocation pattern of monsoon rain forest over limestone in Xishuangbanna of Southwest China.

QI Jian-fei^1,2;TANG Jian-wei¹ 

2008, 27(02):  167-177 . 

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The monsoon rain forest over limestone is one of the main tropical forest vegetation types in Xishuangbanna of Southwest China. To study the biomass and its allocation of this vegetation, three permanent plots (50 m × 50 m) were established at different sites. Grid method (10 m × 10 m) was used to record all the individuals with D≥ 2.0 cm in each plot, shrub and herb species were investigated in nine 5 m × 5 m and 2 m × 2 m subquadrates, respectively. The methods of allometric dimension analysis and sampling harvest were used to estimate the biomass of tree, shrub and herbage layers, respectively. Biomass regression equations of 5 dominant tree species, i.e., Cleistanthus sumatranus, Sumbaviopsis albicans, Lasiococca comberi, Cleidion brevipetiolatumand Celtis wightii, and of three Dclasses (2-5, 5-20 and >20 cm) for the forest stands were established. The results showed the total biomass of monsoon rain forest over limestone in Xishuangbanna was （319.158±79.740） t·hm^-2. Living biomass made up 96.32% of the total biomass, and coarse woody debris and litterfall hold the rest. Tree, woody vine, shrub and herbage layers occupied 96.80%, 2.68%, 0.39% and 0.12% of the living biomass, respectively. In the allocation of tree biomass to various organs, stem accounted for 63.72%, and root, branch and leaf made up 18.82%, 15.63% and 1.84%, respectively. Among different Dclasses of tree layer, the biomass allocation concentrated on the medium (20≤D≤40 cm) and the largest classes (D＞40 cm). A few dominant species, in terms of biomass, made up a majority of the total biomass of tree layer, and the mean leaf area index (LAI) of the tree layer was 7.697±1.419. Compared with other tropical forest types, the estimated biomass of the monsoon rain forest lied in the lower range of the published values for tropical moist rain forest, and was lower than that of tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna but higher than that in Puerto Rico and Rio Grande karst forests.

Interspecific association of dominant tree species in rare plant Dipentodon sinicuscommunities of Yushe National Forest Park, Guizhou Province.

LIN Chang-song^1,2; LI Yu-ying³; ZUO Jing-hui¹; LIAO Wen¹ 

2008, 27(02):  178-184 . 

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Based on 2×2 contingency table and with X²-and W-tests, this paper analyzed the inter-specific association of 20 main tree species in the Dipentodon sinicuscommunities in Yushe National Forest Park of Liupanshui, Guizhou Province. The results showed that a significant positive association was observed at the sampling levels of 50 m², 100 m², and 250 m² quadrates, and a sampling size of 100 m² was more suitable than that of 50 and 250 m² for the interspecific association analysis. The degree of interspecies association based on X²- test, together with the association coefficient (AC) and percentage co-occurrence (PC), showed that the indices applied could reflect the approximately same results, and multiple indices could remedy the insufficiency analyzed by a single index. The inter-specific associations betweenD. sinicus and other tree communities were comparatively significant, and mostly were of positive. The more intense the positive association, the more similar the environmental demand required, and the larger the value of niche overlap was.

Fractal characters of spatial patterns of main forest communities in Lianhua Mountain.

HAN Qing-jie¹; SUN Xue-gang¹; LIU Xiu-sheng²; YANG Long¹; LIU Xiao-juan¹; ZHANG Xing-li²; WANG De-jun²

2008, 27(02):  185-191 . 

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By using information dimension, this paper studied the spatial patterns of main forest communities in Lianhua Mountain in Gansu Province of China. The results showed that the scale variation degree of the pattern intensities of the communities was in the order of Abies faxoniana-Betula utilis-Betula platyphyllacommunity (Q₄) 1.84>Picea asperate-Picea purpurea-Betula utilis community (Q₂) 1.53>Abies faxoniana community (Q₃) 1.14>Picea purpurea-Picea aspirate-Abies faxonianacommunity (Q₇) 1.10>Pinus armandi community (Q₅) 0.99>Abies faxoniana plantation (Q₁) 0.82>Quercus liaotungensis community (Q₆) 0.45, which reflected the differences in community regeneration status and revealed the unevenness of individuals istribution in community. By integrating three types of fractal dimension, the growth and regeneration status of the forest communities was Q₄>Q₂>Q₃>Q₇>Q₅>Q₁>Q₆. The overall averaged box-counting dimension of the communities was 1.76, correlation dimension was 1.71, and information dimension was 1.12, suggesting that the growth status of the communities was good, the degree of individuals aggregation was low, and the regeneration was usual. The spectrum of fractal dimension could reflect the differences in the spatial structural characters of forest communities.

Colonization of luxAB gene-marked Bacillus K2116 strain in cotton rhizosphere.

QI Fei-fei; XIA Mi-zhen; TANG Xin-yun; GAN Xu-hua; CHANG Hui-ping; ZHU Ling-yun; CAO Yuan-yuan

2008, 27(02):  192-196 . 

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By the method of triparent conjugation, the marker gene luxAB was successfully transferred intoBacillus K2116 strain, the cotton growth promotion rhizobacteria, and marked strain K2116L was obtained. The plasmid with luxAB did not lose after 15 transfers, and the strain was genetically stable. The rowth character and K-releasing ability of the marked strain were not affected by the plasmid. Strain K2116L could successfully survive in both sterilized and non-sterilized yellow cinnamon soil (YC), yellow fluovo-aquic soil (YF), and red soil (RS). The individuals of bacteria in these three sterilized soils were higher than those in non-sterilized soils, and decreased in the order of YC>YF>RS. Strain K2116L was capable of competition with native bacteria for space and nutrients in the test soils. Rhizoboxes were used to trace the colonization dynamics of the strain around cotton root. In rhizosphere soil, the colonization density reached to 1.0×10⁶ cfu·g^-1 and 4.5×10⁵ cfu·g^-1, respectively, at the depths of 0-2 cm and 2-4 cm after cotton grew for 12 days, and reached the highest at the depth>4 cm on day 18. On the surface of all root segments and also on day 18, the colonization density reached the highest level, with 1.76×10⁶ cfu·g^-1 on the surface of 0-2 cm segment and 1.6×10⁵ cfu·g^-1 on that of >8 cm segments. The supplement of nutrients could obviously increase the colonization density in rhizosphere soil and on root surface, and the marked strain could proliferate continually with the growth of cotton roots.

Application of subsurface flow constructed wetland in tertiary treatment of urban wastewater.

FU Guo-kai¹; ZHOU Qi²; YANG Dian-hai²

2008, 27(02):  197-201 . 

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A pilot scale shale/slag-filled subsurface flow constructed wetland was used in the tertiary treatment of urban wastewater. The results showed that under the condition of average hydraulic loading rate being 0.32 m·d^-1 and when the average concentrations of COD_cr, TN and TP in the influent were 33.9, 15.1 and 1.57 mg·L^-1, respectively, the average concentration of COD_cr in the effluent was 13.6 mg·L^-1, its removal rate was 60%, and the first-order areal rate constant K_A was 0.3 m·d^-1. The removal of COD_cr was less affected by perature. The TN concentration in the effluent fluctuated from 5.4 to 14.3 mg·L^-1, K_A fluctuated from 0.09 to 0.31 m·d^-1, and the N removal was negatively affected by lower temperature while positively affected by higher NO_x-N/TN ratio and longer operation time. At steady stage, the average concentration of TP in the effluent was 0.6 mg·L^-1, its removal rate was 50%, andK_A was 0.26 m·d^-1. Temperature had less effect on TP removal.

Correlations between heavy metals concentration in cattle tissues and rearing environment.

CAI Qiu¹; LONG Mei-li²; LIU Jie³; ZHU Ming¹; ZHOU Qing-zhen²; DENG Yi-de²; LI Ying¹; TAIN Ying-jun²

2008, 27(02):  202-207 . 

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Heavy metals pollution is a major ecological concern because of the potential of their accumulation in food chain. In this study, cattle tissues were sampled from different polluted areas of Guizhou Province to analyze their copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations, and approach the correlations between the test heavy metals concentrations and rearing environment. The results showed that the Cu and Zn concentrations in cattle tissues were within the China National Food Safety Standard, but the Pb concentration in cattle kidney and liver was slightly over the allowable limit. The Cd concentration in cattle kidney and liver from polluted areas was 38-times and 5-times higher than the Standard, respectively, while that in cattle muscle was within the Standard limit. The heavy metals concentration in cattle tissues had a close correlation with that in soil, feed, and drinking water, and especially in cattle kidney, the correlation coefficient was >0.78. The migration coefficient of heavy metals from feed to cattle tissues decreased gradually with increasing concentration of heavy metals in feed, being the highest for Cd and the lowest for Pb. The ratios of essential elements to toxic metals in cattle tissues were decreased with increasing pollution level. Cu/Cd and Zn/Cd ratios were significantly lower in kidney than in other tissues. Cd was mainly accumulated in kidney, Cu in liver, Zn in muscle and liver, and Pb in kidney and liver. It was suggested that Cd pollution was the major concern in rearing environment, and kidney was the major tissue of heavy metals accumulation.

Community characteristics of soil ciliates in Taohuagou Forest Park in Xiaolongshan Mountains of Gansu Province.

MA Zheng-xue; SHEN Hai-xiang; NING Ying-zhi; WANG Juan; MA Shang-sheng

2008, 27(02):  208-212 . 

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By the methods ofin vivo observation and fixation-staining, this paper studied the community characteristics of soil ciliates in Taohuagou Forest Park and Fujiatan in Xiaolongshan Mountains of Gansu Province from August 2004 to March 2007. A total of 75 species belonging to 40 genera of 29 families from 11 orders of 3 classes were identified, among which, 43 species were found in Taohuagou Scenic Area, 51 species in Puduxia Scenic Area, and 28 species in Fujiatan, a site more seriously disturbed by human activities. Hypotrichida, Colpodida and Prostomatida were the dominant orders, and Colpoda steinii, Cyclidium oblongum, Tachysoma pellionella and Urosomoida agiliformiswere the dominant species. The Gleason-Margalef species diversity index in Taohuagou Scenic Area, Puduxia Scenic Area and Fujiatan was 4.61, 5.64 and 3.28, respectively, and the Jaccard similarity index between Taohuagou Scenic Area and Puduxia Scenic Area, Taohuagou Scenic Area and Fujiatan, and Puduxia Scenic Area and Fujiatan was 0.25, 0.22 and 0.18, respectively, suggesting that the species diversity and community structure of soil ciliates in intact environment were different from those in disturbed environment.

Substrate preference of juvenile Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensiscaptured from Yangtze River estuary.

GU Xiao-lian^1,2; ZHUANG Ping^1,2; ZHANG Long-zhen¹; ZHANG tao¹; SHI Xiao-tao³; ZHAO Feng¹; LIU Jian⁴ 

2008, 27(02):  213-217 . 

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With singlefactor test, the substrate preference of juvenile Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis captured from Yangtze River estuary was examined in laboratory. Four kinds of substrates were tested, i.e., sand (diameter < 0.2 cm), small gravel (diameter 1-2 cm), medium gravel (diameter 4-5 cm), and large gravel (diameter 13-15 cm). The results showed that both the individuals and the groups of juvenileA. sinensis preferred sand significantly, compared with other three substrates. In the individual experiments, the percent of time staying on different substrates was 51.50%±21.20% (sand), 20.27%±9.70% (small gravel), 18.03%±6.17% (medium gravel), and 10.20%±11.20% (large gravel) (n=30), and the time of juvenile A. sinensis staying on sand was significantly longer than on other substrates (P<0.01). In the group experiments, the percent of juvenile A. sinensis number on different substrates were 46.25%±8.06% (sand), 19.38%±7.72% (small gravel), 18.75%±7.19% (medium gravel), and 15.63%±8.92% (large gravel) (n=30), and the amount of juvenile A. sinensis was significantly higher on sand than on the other substrates (P<0.01). The number of inactive fish (relatively motionless on a particular substrate) was significantly more on sand than on the other three substrates (P<0.01), while that of active fish (off the bottom and swimming in water column) had no significant differences on the four substrates (P>0.05).

Atmospheric circulation background and long-term prediction of grasshopper occurrence in Xinjiang.

YANG Hong-sheng^1,2; JI Rong²; WANG Ting²

2008, 27(02):  218-222 . 

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The study on the correlations between grasshopper occurrence in Xinjiang from 1952 to 2005 and seventy-four characteristic indices of atmospheric circulation showed that the grasshopper occurrence in Xinjiang had a close relationship with atmospheric circulation. The strength of North African subtropical high, northern extend of North African subtropical high, area of northern hemisphere polar vortex, zonal index over Asia, strength of India-Burma trough, and frequency of cold-air intrusion into China were selected as the key indices related to the grasshopper occurrence in Xinjiang. North African subtropical high mainly affected the rainfall in April-June, which in turn, affected the development of grasshopper eggs and nymphs, and thus, the grasshopper occurrence. With 39 characteristic indices of atmospheric circulation as prediction variables, and through stepwise regression, four prediction models were constructed to forecast the grasshopper occurrence in Xinjiang.

Effects of visitor density on the behaviors ofDama dama in zoo.

L Shen-jin¹; YANG Lin¹; LI Wen-bin²; YANG Yan¹; YIN Baofa¹; LI Shiping¹; LIU Yu-qing¹; WEI Wan-hong¹

2008, 27(02):  223-228 . 

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By using the methods of focal-animal sampling and all-occurrence recording, the behavior time budget of Dama dama and the effects of visitor density on Dama dama behaviors were studied in the Zhuyuwan Zoo of Yanyzhou City, iangsu Province from September 20 to October 10, 2006. The results showed that the eating and observing behaviors of male, observing behavior of female, and eating, observing and decorating behaviors of young deer were significantly different when the visitor density was high or low. When the visitor density was low, significant differences were observed between male and female in their eating, ruminating and resting behaviors, between male and young in their observing and other behaviors, and between female and young in their eating, resting and observing behaviors. When the visitor density was high, there were significant differences between male and female in their eating and resting behaviors, between female and young in their eating, resting and locomotion behaviors, and between male and young in their observing behavior. Visitor’s activities under different visitor densities had significant effects on the eating and observing behaviors of Dama dama. The male’s observing behavior increased significantly when the visitor density reached 6 per minute. The eating behavior of male and the observing behavior of female and young had significant differences when the visitor density reached 16 per minute. It was suggested that to decrease the interference of visitors on the daily activities of Dama dama, the visitor density should be controlled at the level of <16 per minute.

Ecological risk analysis of rural-urban ecotone based on landscape structure.

JING Yu-ping^1,2; ZHANG Shu-wen¹; LI Ying¹

2008, 27(02):  229-234 . 

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Taking the Jingyue Development District of Changchun as a case, an integrated ecological risk index was built based on the landscape structure and the feature of land-use/land-cover obtained from SPOT 5 remote sensing image. Semivariogram analysis and block Kriging interpolation were conducted to get the distribution map of ecological risk. The results showed that the spatial distribution of ecological risk had a significant regional variation, and the ological risk was higher in middle area than in peripheral area. The analysis by verlaying with DEM data suggested that the ecological risk index was negatively orrelated with elevation, and the higher ecological risk covered nearly 96% of all higher ecological risk region when the altitude was lower than 300 m. Higher ecological risk was mainly distributed in the west of Jingyue Development District between Changshuang Highway and Changyi Highway, the key construction region with low elevation and vigorous economy. Ecological protection should be urgently adopted in this area.

Application of CLUE-S model in simulating land use changes in Nanjing tropolitan region.

SHENG Sheng; LIU Mao-song; XU Chi, YU-Wen; CHEN Hong

2008, 27(02):  235-239 . 

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Land use and cover change (LUCC) models are the important tools in researching regional landscape dynamics and its driving mechanisms. With the application of CLUE-S (Conversion of Land Use and Its Effects at Small Regional Extent) model and under the support of Landsat remotely sensed data, this paper simulated the land use changes in Nanjing metropolitan region from 1998 to 2006. The results indicated that the land use changes were mostly affected by topography, and the distribution of urban land and agricultural land were significantly related with GDP per capita. Moreover, the urbanrural trunk roads made a much greater contribution to land use changes than provincial roads. Generally, highaltitude region tended to benefit the odds-ratio of woodland, while flat and low terrain benefited all the odds ratios of farmland and settlement. The accuracy of the simulation approached to 85.7% in 2003 and 84.1% in 2006 at 300 m spatial resolution, while as the parameters were recalculated according to the partial conditions and given divisionally, the accuracy of the model improved remarkably to 89.7% in 2003 and 88.3% in 2006. The results suggested that CLUE-S had a strong capability of predicting the changes of land use types, and even, the spatial structure of landscape, being available in urban planning and in researching the driving mechanisms of land use change.

Spatiotemporal change of water conservation value of Loess Plateau ecosystem in northern Shaanxi Province.

LI Jing;REN Zhi-yuan

2008, 27(02):  240-244 . 

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Under the support of GIS, the water conservation quantity of the Loess Plateau ecosystem in northern Shaanxi Province was estimated by the methods of water balance and volume conversion, and the water conservation value of the ecosystem was computed by cost accounting and marketing price methods. The results showed that in 1978-2000, the water conservation quantity and value of the ecosystem tended to increase first and decrease then. In 1978-1990, the water conservation quantity increased from 15.98 ×10⁹ t·a^-1 to 19.19×10⁹ t·a^-1, and water conservation value increased from 10.71×10⁹ yuan·a^-1 to 12.86 ×10⁹ yuan·a^-1, with an average annual increment of 1.39%; while in 1990-2000, the water conservation quantity decreased from 19.19 ×10⁹ t·a^-1 to 17.96 ×10⁹ t·a^-1, and water conservation value decreased from 12.86 ×10⁹ yuan·a^-1 to 12.03 ×10⁹ yuan·a^-1, with an average annual decrement of 0.68%. The water conservation quantity and value of the Loess Plateau ecosystem in northern Shaanxi Province had different spatial distribution patterns, showing a trend of high in north and south parts and low in central part.

Emergy evaluations on development level of recycle economy in Liaoning Province.

LIU Hao; WANG Qing; LI Guang-jun; SONG Yang; LI Liande

2008, 27(02):  245-249 . 

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By the method of emergy analysis, the development level of recycle economy in Liaoning Province was evaluated from the aspects of emergy flux, emergy nomy, ecological environment, and comprehensive index. The results showed that the development of economy in Liaoning Province was on a relatively high level. With the progress in practicing clean production, constructing ecological industry chain and recycle network, and implementing cascade use of aterial/energy flow, reuse of waste water, and comprehensive utilization of resources,etc., the energy consumption per ten thousand GDP, wastewater discharge per ten housand GDP, and solid waste discharge per ten thousand GDP were all reduced. However, the fast growth of economy was mostly supported by the consumption of a great lot of unrenewable resources, and the ability of system sustainable development was descending. To have an overall improvement in the development sustainability in Liaoning Province, great efforts should be made on increasing the emergy use efficiency, enhancing the capability of conserving and exploiting renewable resources, reasonably utilizing un-renewable resources, and upgrading the recycle use level.

Application of DNA molecular markers in endangered species conservation.

WANG Shao-xian¹; WANG Fei²; LIU Cheng-bai²; YANG Zhi-yong²; CHEN Xia²

2008, 27(02):  250-256 . 

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With the development of techniques in molecular biology, many high-efficient and reliable DNA molecular markers came forth in succession in past twenty years. In this paper, the basic principals and technical characteristics of estricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), microsatellites morphism/simple equence repeat (SSR), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were summarized, and the application of DNA ecular markers in conservation biology,e.g., in the studies of population genetics of endangered species, factors causing danger, and conservation strategies, was also introduced.

Ecology and biology of Gazella subgutturosa: Current situation of studies.

XU Wen-xuan^1,2; QIAO Jian-fang^1，2; LIU Wei^1,2; YANG Wei-kang¹

2008, 27(02):  257-262 . 

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Gazella subgutturosa is an important ungulate species in desert and semidesert areas of Eurasian Continent, and ranked in grade Ⅱ key protected wildlife in China, and in Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List 2006. Because of grazing interference, over-hunting and poaching, the distribution area and population amount of G. subgutturosa have reduced sharply since recent decades. In order to conserve this species, researchers around the world have done a great deal of studies on its ecology and biology. This paper summarized the main results of these studies from the aspects of morphology, taxology, population ecology, habitat selection, seasonal migration, feeding ecology, physiology, reproduction, and endangered causes and conservation strategy, and put forward some suggestions for the further study on G. subgutturosa.

Metabolic transformation and ecotoxicology of tetrabromobisphenol A: A review.

LI Ya-ning¹; ZHOU Qi-xing^1,2

2008, 27(02):  263-268 . 

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Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), the most widely used flame retardant, is covalently bound to plastic and electronic circuit boards, and has additive applications in several types of polymers. Both reactive-and additive-treated products can release TBBPA and its metabolites into the environment, resulting in more and more extensive pollution of air, water, sediment, and soil, as well as their relevant ecosystems. In view of the new environmental problems and based on available data, this paper analyzed the degradability, metabolic transformation, and ecotoxicological effect of tetrabromobisphenol A. Some research directions were suggested to promote the study of TBBPA in China.

Research progress on small district’s domestic sewage treatment models.

LI Xiao-dong¹; SUN Tie-heng^1,2,3; LI Hai-bo²; MA Zheng-zheng¹; HU Xiao-min¹

2008, 27(02):  269-272 . 

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This paper analyzed the present situations about small district’s domestic sewage treatment models, and discussed the advantages and advantages of centralized and decentralized treatment models. Based on the analysis of the technical characters of various land treatment systems, it was pointed out that constructed wetland and subsurface infiltration system had prominent ecological and cleaning functions in the treatment of domestic wastewater, which could be used to construct an ecological land treatment model, and applied to treat small district’s domestic sewage. After considering the characters and application limitations of land treatment system, it was suggested that strengthened reatment should be emphasized, and the operation way with low influent pollutant concentration and high hydraulic load should be adopted.

An approach to the ecological rehabilitation modes of Mentougou District in Beijing.

HUANG Jin-lou; OU Jin-ming; WANG Ru-song; YANG Wen-rui

2008, 27(02):  273-277 . 

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Ecological rehabilitation was previously emphasized on the restoration of natural ecosystem, with the stress on the recovery of damaged ecosystem to primary ecosystem via various techniques and means, but nowadays, it tegrates the restoration of natural ecosystem and the construction of artificial ecosystem. The conjugated ecological rehabilitation based on complex ecosystem theory is to rehabilitate the damaged ecosystem structure, function and process, and to construct and maintain the ecosystem to provide human with ecosystem services. Taking the Mentougou District in Beijing as an example, a comparative study was made on the three modes of ecological rehabilitation, i.e., gradual ecological rehabilitation based on realistic ability, ecological rehabilitation based on government dominancy, and conjugated ecological rehabilitation based on complex ecosystem theory. Scenario analysis indicated that conjugated ecological rehabilitation could achieve maximal ecological and social benefits with least socio-economic costs.

Effects of Pb and Zn stress on Trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings growth and stress-resistance physiological factors.

LI Shan;CHENG Zhou; YANG Xiao-ling; ZHU Yun-guo; WANG Rui-fei

2008, 27(02):  278-281 . 

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The study with pot experiment showed that under Pb and Zn stress, the iomass of Trichosanthes kirilowiiseedlings decreased, their plant dwarfed, and the number of leaves with yellow spots increased. Pb had greater effects on the eedlings growth than Zn. With increasing concentration of Pb, the contents of hotosynthetic pigments increased first and decreased then, but increasing concentration of Zn had lesser effects on them. The contents of UV-B absorbing compounds and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) ncreased while soluble protein and saccharide contents decreased with the increase of Pb and Zn concentrations. T. kirilowii seedlings had definite tolerance to Pb and Zn stress, but their growth and stressresistance physiological ctors were inhibited to a greater extent when the Pb and Zn concentrations were higher.

Insect infestation of Quercus liaotungensis acorns in Dongling Mountain of Beijing.

MA Jie; YAN Wen-jie; LI Qing-fen,;SUN Ru-yong; LIU Ding-zhen

2008, 27(02):  282-285 . 

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From late August to late September of 2000, an investigation was made on the insect infestation of Quercus liaotungensisacorns in two sampling plots in Xiaolongmen Forest Farm of Dongling Mountain. The results showed that in 2000, the acorn yield in the two plots was 119.15 and 91.23 seeds·m^-2, but the insect-infested acorns were as high as 49.23 seeds·m^-2 and 33.38 seeds·m^-2, occupying 36.93% and 25.96% of the total, respectively. Our previous investigation in 1999 indicated that the acorn yield in the two plots was as low as 13.09 and 7.24 seeds·m^-2, and the insect-infested acorns were 10.87 seeds·m^-2(82.22%) and 5.90 seeds·m^-2 (75.43%), respectively. In the two years, most insect-infested acorns fell at the early period of seed rain, and the insect-infestation rate was higher in low-yield year than that in high-yield year. The high insect infestation of the acorns could be the main factor affecting the seedling regeneration of Q. liaotungensis in this area.

Habitat selection ofCynopterus sphinx angulatusin Guangzhou City.

ZHANG Wei^1,2; ZHOU Shan-yi¹; ZHU Guang-jian²; CHEN Qi-min³; HUANG Jian-rong³; ZHANG Li-biao²

2008, 27(02):  286-289 . 

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Shortnosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx angulatusis known to roost under ‘tents’ constructed from the modified fronds of Chinese fan-palmLivistona chinensis. In this study, the distribution and habitat selection of C. sphinx angulatus in Guangzhou City were investigated from September 2006 to March 2007. A total of 45 ‘tents’ were observed, of which, 26 ‘tents’ revealed the presence of roosting. It was revealed that C. sphinx angulatus had a specific preference for roosting under the fronds of L. chinensis. Importantly, the habitat of C. sphinx angulatus overlapped heavily with the areas of human activity. A total of 18 roosting groups were captured, of which, 5 groups were captured in whole, and 13 groups in part. 17 of the groups, accounting for 94% of the total, contained at least one male. Of the 5 groups captured in whole, two were polygynous, one was monogamous, one contained a solitary male, and another contained bachelor males.

Application of climatic factors’ gridding technology in tobacco-planting regionalization in Hunan Province.

LU Kui-dong¹; HUANG Wan-hua¹; XIAO Han-qian²; ZHANG Chao¹; XIE Bai-cheng¹

2008, 27(02):  290-294 . 

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By using 500 m × 500 m gridding insertion value, the regional distribution of climatic factors in Hunan Province during tobacco growth period was calculated, and, in reference with the Third National Tobacco Regionalization indices and the characteristics of climatic resources and meteorological disasters during tobacco growth period, four climatic factors including precipitation during tobacco growth, sunlight hours during tobacco growth, precipitation at tobacco maturing stage, and ≥ 35 ℃ high temperature damage in 5 consecutive days at tobacco maturing stage were chosen as the indices of tobacco-planting regionalization. By using grading method and GIS-gridding technology, the regionalization of the ecological suitability of climate conditions in tobaccoplanting in this Province was conducted. After superposed land resources information on the climatic regionalization, the tobacco-planting areas which could both satisfy climatic demand and satisfy practically suitable farmland were determined. The results showed that Dongting Lake was not suitable for planting tobacco, while most parts of west, central and south Hunan Province would be the suitable regions. The most suitable regions were concentrated in west Hunan, and the central-south Huaihua and southwest Shaoyang had the greatest potential for tobacco-planting.

Ecological risk of DDT accumulation in economic fishes in Taihu Lake.

ZHAO Xiao¹; ZHANG Ya-lan²; LI Shi-yu¹

2008, 27(02):  295-299 . 

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DDT is a representative of persistent organochlorine pollutants. With Protosalanx hyalocranius, Coilia nasus and Salangichthys tangkahkeii as test objects, a food web model of main economic fishes in Taihu Lake was established, with which, the distribution characteristics of DDT in the benthos, zooplankton and fishes of the food web were studied by Monte Carlo simulation method, and onehit model was used to approach the ecological risk of the DDT distribution. The results showed that the accumulation amount of DDT in P. hyalocranius, C. nasus and S. tangkahkeiiwas 0-0.329 (averaging 0.039) mg·kg^-1, 0-0.188 (averaging 0.022) mg·kg^-1 and 0-0.575 (averaging 0.067) mg·kg^-1, respectively, and the accumulation character of liposoluble contaminants was the main factor controlling the DDT distribution in economic fishes in Taihu Lake. The overall status of the ecological risk of DDT accumulation in test fishes was the highest for S. tangkahkeii, followed by P. hyalocranius, and C. nasus.

An approach on the coupling development of regional ecological-economic systems in Hunan Province.

XU Zhen-yu¹;HE Jian-lin¹;LIU Wang-bao²

2008, 27(02):  300-304 . 

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From the perspective of system theory, all the elements and their structural characteristics in the regional ecological-economic systems of Hunan province were analyzed, and an evaluation index system was constructed. Quantitative evaluation model was used to analyze the coupling status of the regional systems. The results showed that in 1996-2006, the integrated supporting ability of Hunan Province raised logarithmically, while the integrated consumption level increased exponentially, indicating the non-synchronous development of them. However, the coupling degree increased rapidly, with an average annual increment of 4.89 degrees. From 2008, Hunan Province shall enter the period of over-exploitation. Though the Province has richer resources, it doesn’t possess a strong material base of over-exploitation. Therefore, it’s needed to modify the economic growth mode and adjust industrial structure, and to overcome the deficiencies in developing export-oriented economy.