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The application of structural equation modeling in ecology based on R. SHI Ya-Fei, SHI Shan-Heng, HUANG Xiao-Min Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 1015-1023.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202203.016 Abstract （718）      PDF（pc） （2621KB）（903）       Knowledge map    Save Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a major approach for analyzing ecological data. Differing from other multivariate statistical methods, SEM is mainly driven by assumptions and could quantify both direct and indirect causal relationships among multi-variables. Since the introduction of SEM into the field of ecology in China is relatively short, scientists encounter many problems when using SEM, with various mistakes. Therefore, we elaborated principles, processes, evaluation and modification of SEM in this review. With a case study, we introduced the usage of two major R packages for SEM, i.e. lavaan and piecewiseSEM. Concretely, lavaancan perform SEM with latent variables, while piecewiseSEM can incorporate nonindependent observations, and handle response variables with residuals not satisfying multivariate normal distribution. This review can help researchers understand and use SEM correctly and accurately, and promote the usage of SEM in ecology. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Views on distinguishing the concepts of rangeland and grassland and proposing proper use of their terminology. DONG Shi-kui Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 992-1000.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202205.001 Abstract （541）      PDF（pc） （834KB）（210）       Knowledge map    Save Rangeland and grassland are two key terms used in multiple disciplines and departments. However, there are confusion, overlap and crisscross in the use of these two terms due to their chaotic connotation and denotation defined by various disciplines and departments. In order to clarify the connotation and denotation of rangeland and grassland in different contexts of disciplines and departments, and to enhance their proper use in practice, I collected diverse and rich references and information in rangeland and grassland terminology, summarized the connotation and denotation of rangeland and grassland defined in various countries and disciplines, clarified the terminology changes of rangeland and grassland across different time and disciplines. Finally, I proposed proper use of those two terms to mitigate the confusion, overlap and crisscross and to provide a scientific basis for rational protection and utilization of grassland resource and ecosystems. The conclusions are based on the comprehensive analysis. There are broad and narrow definitions of rangeland and grassland. The broad definitions are derived from the international subjects of agriculture and vegetation as well as national subjects of agriculture and law, in which rangeland and grassland can be regarded as the synonym referring to the landbiology resources with multiple functions and production base for pratacultural industry, where herbaceous species dominate the vegetation with some shrubs and sparse trees used as the habitats or foods for livestock and wildlife, as well as good living environments and biological products for the human beings. These terms have been generally used as “rangeland” or “grassland” in the official documents of forestry, grassland, and agriculture departments, foreign and domestic literatures, textbooks, courses, etc. The narrow definitions are derived from the national subjects of vegetation science and land types. In the subject of vegetation science, it is defined as the zonal vegetation distributed in semiarid and semihumid areas with the perennial xerophytes as dominant plants (occasionally with some small subshrubs) in the community. The term is normally applied for vegetation classification and should be generally used as “steppe or grassland vegetation” (e.g., temperate grassland vegetation or steppe vegetation). In the subject of land types, it is defined as one of the land use types, dominated by herbaceous species. This term is normally used for land use classification by land resource (natural resources) department and should be generally used as “land type of grassland”. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of temperature in parental reproduction and embryo incubation on hatching performance of zebrafish. ZHENG Xue-Li, FU Shi-jian, XIA Ji-gang Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 979-984.   DOI: v Abstract （230）      PDF（pc） （1790KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save Parental effect refers to the effects of parental phenotype or environmental factors they experienced, instead of the genotype, on the phenotypic difference or adaptability of offsprings, which is ecologically important for the maintenance and improvement of offspring’s fitness. To explore the impacts of parental effects on the plasticity of embryo development of zebrafish (Danio rerio), the effects of parental reproduction and embryo incubation temperature (22 and 28 ℃), and their interactions on the hatching performances (hatching rate, embryo mortality, deformation rate of newly hatched fry, hatching duration, initial hatching time and final hatching time) were determined using a 2×2 twofactor design. The results showed that the interaction between parental reproduction and embryo incubation temperature had significant impacts on embryo mortality, initial hatching time, final hatching time, and hatching duration (P<0.05). Embryos had lower mortality and shorter hatching duration when the parental reproduction temperature was consistent with the embryo incubation temperature. The results suggest that zebrafish hatching performance is affected by both parental effects (intergenerational developmental plasticity) and offspring developmental environment (intra generational developmental plasticity). Parental effects play an important role in shaping the phenotypic characteristics of fish in the early life history stage. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 0-.   Abstract （188）      PDF（pc） （454KB）（196）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Classification of dominant species in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest on Changbai Mountain based on UAV-based hyperspectral image and deep learning algorithm. ZHENG Di, SHEN Guo-chun, WANG Bo-jian, DAI Guan-hua, LIN Fei, HU Jia-rui, YE Ji, FANG Shuai, HAO Zhan-qing, WANG Xu-gao, YUAN Zuo-qiang Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 1024-1032.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202203.004 Abstract （184）      PDF（pc） （2540KB）（165）       Knowledge map    Save Rapid and accurate identification of tree species and their distribution patterns is the basis and premise for forest resource management and biodiversity conservation. Compared with the traditional field investigation methods, the rapid development of the surface of remote sensing technology in recent years can obtain high resolution hyperspectral remote sensing images flexibly, efficiently, and conveniently. However, how to select features with large amount of information and low redundancy from many features containing rich information for automatic tree species identification is an urgent problem. We used spectral sensors carried by unmanned aerial vehicles to take hyperspectral images, which covered an area of 6 hm2 of the 25 hm2 temperate mixed conifer-broadleaf plot in Changbai Mountain. Six canopy tree species, including Pinus koraiensis, Ulmus davidiana, Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica,Populus ussuriensis, and Tilia amurensis, were selected as the field labeled tree species. Realtime Kinematic Phase Difference (RTK) technology was used to accurately capture the position of those target tree species. In addition, visual interpretation of the image of the study area was performed using ArcGIS based on the forest re-inventory results in 2019. Three classification methods, including convolutional neural network, maximum likelihood and Mahalanobis distance, were used to analyze the automatic classification of canopy tree species. Our results showed that: (1) The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of tree species classification of convolutional neural network (99.85%, 0.998) were better than maximum likelihood (89.11%, 0.86) and Maharanobis distance method (79.65%, 0.75); (2) Among the three classification methods, the classification accuracy of single dominant tree species was the highest when using the convolve neural network, and the highest classification accuracy of P. koraiensis, U. davidiana, Q. mongolica, F. mandshurica, P. ussuriensis and T. amurensis were 100%, 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.8% and 99.5%, respectively. (3) Overall, convolutional neural network had the lowest degree of mixing, while Mahalanobis distance method had the most serious degree of mixing problem. This study indicated that the convolutional neural network model based on deep learning approach can obtain the accurate and efficient classification of canopy species in natural temperate forests, which could provide a great step forward into the species diversity monitoring and forestry resource survey. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Remote sensing estimation of forest aboveground biomass in Tibetan Plateau based on random forest model. ZHANG Peng-chao, LIANG Yu, LIU Bo, MA Tian-xiao, WU Miao-miao Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (2): 415-424.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202302.007 Abstract （183）      PDF（pc） （3106KB）（81）       Knowledge map    Save Remote sensing data can be used for quickly obtaining real-time forest attribute information. Forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimated by remote sensing data is usually spatially continuous and highly accurate. Due to the complex terrain and special climate, it is difficult to obtain forest attribute information of alpine regions compared with low-latitude or low-altitude forest ecosystems. Therefore, optical remote sensing has become an important means to estimate forest attributes. Based on MODIS satellite images and plot survey data, we estimated forest AGB in the Tibetan Plateau by a random forest model (RF), and further explored the AGB of major tree species by K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN). Moreover, we evaluated the prediction accuracy of AGB at different scales. We also analyzed the importance of predictive variables. The results showed that: (1) The AGB estimation model we developed had good performance at both pixel (R2=0.82, RMSE=64.93 t·hm-2) and landscape scales (t=0.15, P=0.88). (2) Spatially, forest AGB gradually decreased from southeast to northwest with an average AGB of 181.28±104.54 t·hm-2. The AGB of forests below 1000 m asl was the highest, with a value of 237.66 t·hm-2. The AGB of Abies fabri, Picea asperata, and Pinus yunnanensis were relatively high, with values of 214.86, 216.14, and 172.24 t·hm-2, respectively. (3) Geographical location and climate were the more important variables in estimating AGB. Our results contribute to improving the understanding of forest resources on the Tibetan Plateau and the prediction accuracy of carbon dynamics in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (8): 0-.   Abstract （174）      PDF（pc） （448KB）（554）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (2): 0-.   Abstract （162）      PDF（pc） （13040KB）（19）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Growth characteristics of statolith morphology of Berryteuthis magister shevtsovi. TENG Yu-rong, LU Hua-jie, CHEN Zi-yue, NING Xin, LIU Kai, CHEN Xin-jun Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 985-991.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202203.028 Abstract （160）      PDF（pc） （2225KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save Statolith is one of the most important hard tissues in Cephalopods, which is widely used in the study of Cephalopod fishery biology and ecology. Based on 261 samples of Berryteuthis magister shevtsovi collected in theJapan Sea in December 2018 by the Chinese Jigging fleets, we examined the statolith shape and growth characteristics. The results of principal component analysis showed that the total statolith length (TSL), wing length (WL), rostrum lateral dome length (RLL) and maximum width (MW) could be used as the morphological characteristic parameters to study the morphological growth of statolith. The analysis of covariance showed no significant gender difference in the relationships between the morphological characteristic parameters and mantle length (ML) as well as body weight (BW). Akaike’s information criterion indicated that linear function could be best describing the relationships between ML and TSL or WL, power functions were best for the relationships between ML and RLL, and logarithm functions for ML and MW. The relationships between BW and TSL, BW and MW were best described by linear functions, but power function for BW and WL. The relationship between BW and RLL was best described by logarithm function. The absolute size of statolith gradually increased with increasing ML, but the morphological structure ratio of statolith remained basically unchanged. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of water environmental factors on the biological toxicity of lanthanides. SUN Li-zong, GUO Cheng, TAI Pei-dong Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 955-962.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202205.023 Abstract （159）      PDF（pc） （1016KB）（120）       Knowledge map    Save The expansion of the application of lanthanides (rare earth elements) has aroused wide attention to their biological safety. To explore the effects of environmental factors on the biological toxicity of lanthanides, using zebra fish (Danio rerio) as the test organism, we examined the effects of water environmental factors (pH, HCO3-, Ca2+Mg2+, K+, Cl-, etc.) on biological toxicity and bioaccumulation of lanthanides, and analyzed the toxicity levels and trends of four representative lanthanides (La, Ce, Gd and Ho) under different water environmental conditions. The results showed that in standard water, the 96 h-LC50 of La to adult Danio rerio was 165.6 μmol·L-1. Its toxicity was significantly related to pH, HCO3- and Ca2+Mg2+ in the water, with its slopes being 0.912, 1.135 and 0.222, respectively, and had little relationship with Cl-, Na+, K+ and SO42-. At the beginning of the test, the four lanthanides could be complexed with HCO3- to form precipitated particles. A decrease in pH or HCO3- could promote the conversion of lanthanides from granular state to soluble state, with enhanced biological toxicity and bioaccumulation. Under the conditions of pH 5.0 and HCO3- 0.2 mmol·L-1 (excluding the influence of lanthanide precipitation), four lanthanide elements showed a consistent trend of toxicity (6.11-6.43 μmol·L-1 of 96 h-LC50 for Danio rerio). We speculate that the difference in the toxicity of the four lanthanide elements in standard water may be due to the difference in the effective state of a single element rather than the different toxicity of the elements. Therefore, before the differences in biological toxicity mechanisms are revealed, lanthanides can be considered as a group of elements with a toxicity additive model for biological toxicity assessment. The evaluation process should focus on the effects of pH and carbonates. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of activity rhythm and habitat selection of water deer based on the infraredtriggered camera technology in autumn and winter in urban forest park. HAN Qian, LIANG Tao, ZHANG Man-yu, LIU Meng-meng, WANG Zhen-qi, LU Chang-hu Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 963-972.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202203.011 Abstract （150）      PDF（pc） （2600KB）（126）       Knowledge map    Save Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) is an endemic species in East Asia, whose natural distribution onlyoccurs in China and Korean Peninsula. Because of the excessive human disturbance and habitat fragmentation, the population size of water deer has shown a sharp decreasing trend during the last several decades. To better understand their survival conditions in highly isolated urban forest parks, the activity rhythm and habitat preference of water deer in autumn and winter were monitored by infrared camera in Laoshan Forest Park and the surroundings in Nanjing, China. A total of 35 infrared-triggered camera-traps were installed from October 2020 to March 2021. The effects of temperature and vegetation type on the activity rhythm and habitat selection were analyzed using generalized linear model (GLM). During the monitoring period, 233 effective photos of water deer were taken by infrared cameras, contributing to 245 effective detection times. The relative abundance index (RAI) was 10.7. The daily activity rhythm of water deer displayed a typical bimodal pattern, with the intensive daily activities happening from 4:00 to 6:00 and from 18:00 to 20:00. The peak of monthly activities was in December. Temperature had significant effects on the daily activities of water deer, with the activity intensity being the highest when the environmental temperature was within a range from 4 to 6 ℃. Results of the generalized linear model showed that water deer tended to select habitats with evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest and dominant shrub with height above 120 cm. In addition, the RAI index was positively correlated with the distance to road and negatively correlated with the disturbance index. Compared with its counterparts living in other large-scale nature reserves and water network areas, water deer showed typical morning and evening activity mode, no obvious diurnal or nocturnal activity patterns in Laoshan, with random selection on the distance from the nearest water source. Since the human disturbance in urban forest park is relatively high, reasonable control of human activities in Laoshan Forest Park and surrounding areas could be helpful to better safeguard water deer population in Laoshan. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Distribution characteristics of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsiiin the soil of urban green space in Shanghai. LUO Shu-hong, LUO Yu-zhen, ZHANG Wei-wei, LIU Wen, HE Shan-wen, AN Lei, WANG Yong-jie, HAN Ji-gang Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 941-947.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202205.017 Abstract （146）      PDF（pc） （898KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the distribution characteristics of Rhizoctonia Solani and Sclerotium Rolfsii, which are seriously harmful to landscape plants in the urban green space in Shanghai, we quantitatively measured the abundance of ITS gene of two pathogens in the soil by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR. Soil physical and chemical properties were simutaneously analyzed. The results showed that soil pH of green space is slightly alkaline, with high soil water content. The coefficient of variation of soil physical and chemical indices was high. The detection rates of R. solani and S. rolfsii in the soils were 99.7% and 11.6%. The average abundance of ITS gene was 9.09×105 and 2.42×105 copies·g-1, respectively. There was significant difference in ITS gene abundance of R. solani between the green space soil of park and road (P<0.05), and no difference between that of downtown and suburb sites (P>0.05), indicating that green space types affect ITS gene abundance of R. solani. There was no significant difference in ITS gene abundance of S. rolfsii between the green space soil of park and road, and between that of downtown and suburban sites (P>0.05). ITS gene abundance of S. rolfsii was significantly negatively correlated with soil total chromium, total nickel, and total arsenic contents. These results contribute to better understanding of the prevention and control of R. solani and S. rolfsii in the soil of urban green space in Shanghai. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Responses of leaf functional traits and carbon and nitrogen allocation in hybrid poplar (Populus ×euramericana ‘Zhongjin2’) seedlings under twoyear nitrogen addition. GAO Tian-hui, WANG Wei-feng, SHANG Jia-zhou, LI Tao, WANG Sheng-ji Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 841-848.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202204.011 Abstract （146）      PDF（pc） （1754KB）（451）       Knowledge map    Save Atmospheric nitrogen deposition affects forest ecosystems. The ecophysiological process and mechanism of trees in response to nitrogen deposition need further clarification. To explore the changes of photosynthetic traits, biomass accumulation, and carbon and nitrogen allocation in poplar under nitrogen addition, hybrid poplar (Populus ×euramericana ‘Zhongjin2’) seedlings were grown in pots under a rainout shelter in a semiarid area of China. Seedlings were treated with different nitrogen addition levels (0, 3, 6 and 9 g NH4NO3·a-1·plant-1) for two years. Leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf  functional traits, organ biomass, and carbon and nitrogen allocation were investigated. In the first year, with the increases of nitrogen addition levels, leaf area significantly increased but leaf became thinner, with decreased mesophyll tissue thickness. Leaf area based net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased firstly and then decreased with increasing nitrogen addition level, while transpiration rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency did not change. Whole plant biomass and carbon and nitrogen accumulation significantly increased. The carbon investment in stem increased significantly while that in root decreased significantly. In the second year, photosynthetic carbon fixation rate of functional leaves reached saturation more quickly with increasing nitrogen addition level, with toxicity of high-dose addition. The biomass accumulation of individual plant increased significantly and carbon investment to stem was increased in low nitrogen addition, while root growth was inhibited in high nitrogen addition. The enhanced leaf water consumption in response to nitrogen addition may be one of the driving factors of carbon investment to stem, while the decreasing root shoot ratio may reduce the resistance of poplar seedlings to frequent drought in semiarid area. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Drought resistance of major wheat varieties in Shanxi Province at germination and seedling stages.   WEI Liang-di, LI Ning, YANG Jin-wen, SHI Yu-gang, SUN Dai-zhen, WANG Shu-guang Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 873-879.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202205.020 Abstract （138）      PDF（pc） （1710KB）（160）       Knowledge map    Save Water plays an important role in the growth and development of wheat. Shanxi Province is seriously limited by water resources. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the drought resistance of main wheat varieties in Shanxi Province for breeding excellent drought-resistant varieties. In this study, simulated drought (20% PEG-6000) stress was induced at germination and seedling stages of 40 wheat varieties in Shanxi Province. The effects of drought stress on the morphological characteristics of germination and seedling stages were analyzed. The drought resistance of wheat varieties was evaluated by using membership function and comprehensive drought resistance evaluation value. The results showed that various characteristics of wheat germination and seedling stages were affected by drought stress in various degrees. Bud length, root length, bud fresh weight, root fresh weight at the germination stage, and leaf fresh weight and root fresh weight at the seedling stage were significantly affected by drought stress. A total of 21 drought-resistant varieties (52.5%) were screened out at the germination stage, with Shannong 17 having the highest comprehensive evaluation value (0.783). A total of five drought-resistant varieties (12.5%) were selected at the seedling stage, namely Shannong 24, Jinmai 66, Changmai 6135, Jinmai 62, and Changmai 3897. Changmai 3897 was a drought-resistant variety at both the germination and seedling stages. The relationship between the comprehensive evaluation value of drought resistance at the germination and seedling stages were further fitted, showing no significant correlation between the drought resistance of the tested varieties at both stages. Our results can provide a reference for the selection of dryland wheat production varieties and the improvement of drought resistance in Shanxi Province. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The transgenerational effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on root phosphatase activity of host plant Medicago truncatula. ZHU Jia-ni, HUANG Hong, DU Yong, TANG Jian-jun, CHEN Xin Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 912-918.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202205.004 Abstract （137）      PDF（pc） （1008KB）（172）       Knowledge map    Save Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help host plants adapt to low P environment by enhancing the root secretion of acid phosphatase (APase). Whether such plastic change can be transmitted across generations, however, remains unclear. In this study, we conducted two experiments to investigate the transgenerational effect of AMF on APase activity in a host plant Medicago truncatula. Under low P condition in experiment 1, AMF infection increased APase activity in root, and increased APase activity and available P content in rhizosphere soil. Under high P condition, there was no difference of APase activity between AMF and non-AMF plants. Under low P condition in experiment 2, the offsprings from parental plants with AMF had higher APase activity compared to those from parental plants without AMF. No difference of APase activity was found between the offsprings from both nonAMF and AMF parental plants grown in high P condition. Under high P condition in experiment 2, however, there was no significant difference of the root APase activity among the offsprings of different parental plants. The results suggest that there was an AMF transgenerational effect on root APase activity, which was determined by soil P condition encountered by the parental plants. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Comprehensive evaluation of soil nutrient characteristics and fertility of citrus orchard with different parent materials. WANG Jue, ZHOU Wei-jun, SHANG Gui-duo, TAN Jie, TANG Dou, CAO Sheng Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 933-940.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202203.027 Abstract （131）      PDF（pc） （802KB）（97）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the characteristics of soil nutrients of citrus orchards with different parent materials, clarify the influence of soil parent materials on fertility, and provide theoretical basis for orchard management and precise fertilization, 217 citrus soils with five different parent materials were collected to analyze soil pH, and the contents of organic matter, macro, medium and trace elements. The results showed that the mean soil pH value in citrus orchard was less than 5.5, and the soil was acidic. Except for plate shale and limestone, organic matter of other parent materials was deficient. Quaternary laterite was rich in exchangeable calcium and magnesium, while other parent materials were poor. The contents of soil alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen, available zinc, boron and molybdenum in each parent material were suitable, while available potassium, available phosphorus, sulfur, iron, manganese and copper were excessive. Analysis of variance showed that all soil indices except available copper and zinc were significantly different among different parent materials. The contents of soil organic matter, alkalihydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and available iron, copper and molybdenum in plate shale were higher than those in other parent materials, while the contents of exchangeable calcium and magnesium were lower than those in other parent materials. According to the comprehensive scores of principal components, soil fertility of each parent material was as follows: plate shale > sandstone > quaternary laterite > river-lake alluvial sediments > limestone. With the extension of citrus planting years, soil fertility of plate shale, river-lake alluvial sediments, and limestone soil was extremely significantly improved, and that of quaternary laterite was significantly increased. Comprehensive analysis shows that soil nutrients developed in plate shale were the most abundant. Soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium, available boron, available phosphorus, and available sulfur were important factors affecting fertility. Due to the differences of soil nutrients in different parent materials, orchard soil should be accurately managed in case of local conditions to ensure the sound development of orchards. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of stumping height on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry in different organs of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings. CAI Nian-hui, TANG Jun-rong, CHE Feng-xian, CHEN Shi, WANG Jun-min, XU Yu-lan, LI Gen-qian Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 849-857.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202203.012 Abstract （127）      PDF（pc） （2182KB）（294）       Knowledge map    Save To understand the effects of stumping on the contents and stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in different organs of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings, and the correlations and allometric relationships among C, N and P, the contents of C, N, P and the ratios of C∶N, C∶P and N∶P in seven organs (taproot, lateral root, stem, lateral branch, mother plant needle, sprout branch, sprout needle) of P. yunnanensis seedlings with different stumping heights (CK, 5, 10 and 15 cm) were analyzed. The results showed that N, P, C∶N, C∶P, N∶P had significant differences among stumping heights, organs, stumping heights×organs, except that C content showed no response to stumping height. With the increases of stumping height, N, P, C∶N, C∶P, N∶P showed a trend of first increase and then decrease, while C∶N and C∶P showed an opposite trend. The variation coefficients of contents and ratios of elements in each organ fluctuated slightly under different stumping heights, indicating that stumping had little effect on C, N, P contents and their stoichiometric stability. The correlations between C and N and between C and P changed among different stumping heights, while the correlations between C and N and between C and P were weakened with increasing stumping height. Stumping did not affect the allometric growth relationship between them, with the accumulation rate of C being lower than that of N and P, and the growth of seedlings being mainly regulated by N. In summary, stumping changed nutrient content, and then changed the balance of C, N and P in plants. The performance of P. yunnanensis seedlings was mainly regulated by N. With increasing stumping height, the utilization of N and P in seedlings decreased first and then increased, at the same time the degree of N limitation decreased first and then increased. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on net carbon sequestration capacity of plants under the background of carbon neutra-lization. YANG Qianmin, YUAN Danping, DENG Cunbao, WANG Yansheng, QIAO Ling Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1484-1496.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202306.015 Abstract （126）      PDF（pc） （1296KB）（332）       Knowledge map    Save Plants play a key role in regulating the balance of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, improving carbon sequestration capacity and ecosystem carbon stocks, and contributing to the mitigation of global warming. It is therefore of great significance to further understand the factors affecting the net carbon sequestration capacity of plants in order to achieve the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutralization in China. We summarized the recent progresses in carbon fixation pathways in photosynthesis, carbon release processes through litter decomposition, and factors (CO2 concentration, temperature, water content, litter addition and removal) affecting carbon sequestration and carbon release through CO2 and CH4 emissions. The results showed that there was a threshold for the promotion of water, temperature, and CO2 concentration on plant carbon sequestration and the promotion of water and temperature on the CO2 emission from litter decomposition. When the threshold exceeds a certain range, an inhibitory effect exists on the aforementioned process. Litter removal is beneficial to reducing CO2 emission, but the response of CH4 emission through litter decomposition to the above environmental factors has been inconclusive. We propose to strengthen studies on the carbon sequestration ability of plants in different stages of life cycles by the combined action of multiple environmental factors; and on carbon emission mechanisms of tree residues, belowground litter, root exudates, and their responses to environmental factors, which will provide a reference for improving plant carbon sequestration and carbon neutrality. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of hydrological managements on soil enzyme activities during peatland restoration in the Changbai Mountains. ZHAO Jing, DUAN Lei-lei, WANG Ming, WANG Sheng-zhong, CHEN Cong, LI Hong-kai, LI Xing-li Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (5): 948-954.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202203.005 Abstract （122）      PDF（pc） （1550KB）（86）       Knowledge map    Save We analyzed the effects of hydrological management measures on soil enzyme activities (0-10 cm) and their driving factors during peatland restoration across natural peatland, restored peatland under different hydrological managements (high water level, alternating high-low water level, and low water level) and the degenerated peatland (abandoned land) in Changbai Mountains. The results showed that the activities of β-1,4-glucosidase and β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase decreased from natural peatlands to restored peatlands to degraded peatlands. The activity of acid phosphatase in degraded peatlands was significantly lower than that in natural and restored peatlands, while the activity of polyphenol oxidase was the lowest in natural peatlands. In the restored peatlands, the activities of soil β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase decreased gradually with the decreasing water level. However, the activity of soil polyphenol oxidase was the lowest in the restored peatlands under the hydrological management with alternating high-low water level. The activities of β-1,4-glucosidase andβ-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase were positively correlated with soil organic carbon content, water content, water level and total nitrogen content, and negatively correlated with pH and total phosphorus content. Soil acid phosphatase activity was positively correlated with soil water level, and negatively correlated with pH and total phosphorus content. Soil polyphenol oxidase activity was negatively correlated with soil organic carbon content, water content and total nitrogen content. Results of redundancy analysis showed that environmental factors explained 81.2% of the total variation in soil enzyme activities. Water level and soil organic carbon content were the main factors controlling soil enzyme activities. Our results indicate that appropriate hydrological management can effectively improve the contents of soil organic carbon, nitrogen and other nutrient elements and soil microbial enzyme activities of thedegraded peatlands, enhance soil ecological function, and accelerate the recovery of ecosystem function in peatlands. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil bulk density at different soil layers in typical small watershed in loess region of western Shanxi Province. WANG Simin, ZHANG Hongli, ZHANG Hengshuo, ZUO Qilin, ZHA Tonggang Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 609-615.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.039 Abstract （122）      PDF（pc） （1240KB）（135）       Knowledge map    Save To understand the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil bulk density across different soil layers in the loess region, we measured soil bulk density at 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and 80-100 cm layers in 98 locations in Caijiachuan watershed in the loess region of western Shanxi. We analyzed the distribution characteristics, the main influencing factors of each soil layer and their contribution rates to soil bulk density by using classical statistics and geostatistics methods. The results showed that: (1) Soil bulk density ranged from 0.79-1.78 g·cm-3, and increased with increasing soil depth in the 0-100 cm depth. The variation of soil bulk density decreased with increasing soil depth. (2) Gaussian model was the best fitting model for soil bulk density at 0-40 cm layer, while exponential model was the best fitting model at 40-100 cm layer. The spatial dependence of soil bulk density decreased with increasing soil depth, showing strong, moderate and weak spatial dependence at 0-20, 20-60 and 60-100 cm layers, respectively. (3) Soil bulk density at 0-40 cm layer was mainly affected by vegetation and soil factors, while that at 40-100 cm soil layer was mainly affected by elevation and soil factors, suggesting that the effects of vegetation restoration on soil bulk density were mainly concentrated in the surface layer. Our results provide important reference for in-depth understanding of regional soil bulk density distribution under the vegetation restoration and scientific assessment of regional ecological benefits and ecological services of vegetation restoration. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）