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Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (8): 0-.   Abstract （174）      PDF（pc） （448KB）（554）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on net carbon sequestration capacity of plants under the background of carbon neutra-lization. YANG Qianmin, YUAN Danping, DENG Cunbao, WANG Yansheng, QIAO Ling Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1484-1496.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202306.015 Abstract （124）      PDF（pc） （1296KB）（326）       Knowledge map    Save Plants play a key role in regulating the balance of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, improving carbon sequestration capacity and ecosystem carbon stocks, and contributing to the mitigation of global warming. It is therefore of great significance to further understand the factors affecting the net carbon sequestration capacity of plants in order to achieve the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutralization in China. We summarized the recent progresses in carbon fixation pathways in photosynthesis, carbon release processes through litter decomposition, and factors (CO2 concentration, temperature, water content, litter addition and removal) affecting carbon sequestration and carbon release through CO2 and CH4 emissions. The results showed that there was a threshold for the promotion of water, temperature, and CO2 concentration on plant carbon sequestration and the promotion of water and temperature on the CO2 emission from litter decomposition. When the threshold exceeds a certain range, an inhibitory effect exists on the aforementioned process. Litter removal is beneficial to reducing CO2 emission, but the response of CH4 emission through litter decomposition to the above environmental factors has been inconclusive. We propose to strengthen studies on the carbon sequestration ability of plants in different stages of life cycles by the combined action of multiple environmental factors; and on carbon emission mechanisms of tree residues, belowground litter, root exudates, and their responses to environmental factors, which will provide a reference for improving plant carbon sequestration and carbon neutrality. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon components under different environmental conditions in Poyang Lake wetland. YUAN Jihong, REN Qiong, ZHOU Liyin, MIAO Lujun, CHI Yunyang, WAN Fang, WANG Jinping, WAN Songxian Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1323-1329.   Abstract （119）      PDF（pc） （3098KB）（214）       Knowledge map    Save Changes of environmental conditions can affect carbon sink function of wetlands. Understanding the effects of environmental conditions on soil organic carbon and its components in wetlands can provide scientific guidance for soil carbon regulation in wetlands. Here, we investigated the effects of water levels (high and low water level) and vegetation types (Triarrhena lutarioriparia and Polygonum hydropiper) on soil organic carbon and its components in Poyang Lake wetland. We analyzed the relationships between soil physicochemical properties and soil organic carbon components. Results showed that heavy fraction organic carbon was the main component of soil organic carbon, accounting for more than 70% of the total. Water level had significantly stronger effects on soil organic carbon components than the vegetation type. Soil organic carbon, heavy fraction organic carbon, particulate organic, soluble organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon of P. hydropiper community in high water level were 109.2%, 115.5%, 175.8%, 239.4%, and 61.7% higher than those in low water level, respectively. Soil pH was significantly negatively correlated with soil total carbon, heavy fraction organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon. Soil water content and total nitrogen content were significantly positively correlated with organic carbon components. Therefore, increasing water level is beneficial to soil carbon accumulation in wetlands. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil bulk density at different soil layers in typical small watershed in loess region of western Shanxi Province. WANG Simin, ZHANG Hongli, ZHANG Hengshuo, ZUO Qilin, ZHA Tonggang Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 609-615.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.039 Abstract （116）      PDF（pc） （1240KB）（132）       Knowledge map    Save To understand the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil bulk density across different soil layers in the loess region, we measured soil bulk density at 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and 80-100 cm layers in 98 locations in Caijiachuan watershed in the loess region of western Shanxi. We analyzed the distribution characteristics, the main influencing factors of each soil layer and their contribution rates to soil bulk density by using classical statistics and geostatistics methods. The results showed that: (1) Soil bulk density ranged from 0.79-1.78 g·cm-3, and increased with increasing soil depth in the 0-100 cm depth. The variation of soil bulk density decreased with increasing soil depth. (2) Gaussian model was the best fitting model for soil bulk density at 0-40 cm layer, while exponential model was the best fitting model at 40-100 cm layer. The spatial dependence of soil bulk density decreased with increasing soil depth, showing strong, moderate and weak spatial dependence at 0-20, 20-60 and 60-100 cm layers, respectively. (3) Soil bulk density at 0-40 cm layer was mainly affected by vegetation and soil factors, while that at 40-100 cm soil layer was mainly affected by elevation and soil factors, suggesting that the effects of vegetation restoration on soil bulk density were mainly concentrated in the surface layer. Our results provide important reference for in-depth understanding of regional soil bulk density distribution under the vegetation restoration and scientific assessment of regional ecological benefits and ecological services of vegetation restoration. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on the pathways of soil nitrous oxide production and its research methods. HE Meixia, DUAN Pengpeng, LI Dejun Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1497-1508.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202306.001 Abstract （102）      PDF（pc） （1548KB）（258）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas in the troposphere and contributes to ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Soil N2O production involves biotic (autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, nitrifier denitrification, nitrification-coupled denitrification, heterotrophic denitrification, codenitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) and abiotic pathways. A couple of N2O production pathways may occur simultaneously, it is thus difficult to quantify the contribution of a single pathway to N2O production. However, quantifying the contribution of individual pathways to total N2O production is necessary to mitigate soil N2O emission, or to simulate soil N2O production and its responses to global change using Earth system models. Some methods have been developed to decipher N2O production pathways, including molecular methods, inhibition techniques, and stable isotope methods. Here, we review current status of soil N2O production pathways and their research methods. We pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the knowledge gaps. The information is useful for researchers to carry out relevant researches, or can help understand the major sources of soil N2O emission and thus make effective measures to mitigate soil N2O emission. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Photosynthetic physiological response of rice seedlings to water stress and high CO2 concentration. CUI Jinghui, WANG Yidan, QI Xiufen, WANG Xuhao, TIAN Lu, WANG Lanlan Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1381-1388.   Abstract （66）      PDF（pc） （1288KB）（162）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar “Liao Star 1” was used as the material to examine the effects of high CO2 concentration and drought stress on photosynthetic physiology of rice seedlings under CO2 concentrations of 380±10 and 760±20 μmol·mol-1, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for explaining how plants cope with complex environmental changes. PEG-6000 (0, 5%, 10%, and 15%) was used to simulate rhizosphere drought stress. Single drought stress inhibited the growth of rice seedlings, decreased plant height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight, with stronger inhibitory effect on aboveground part than that on underground part, and on fresh weight than on dry weight. Under drought stress, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) were significantly decreased compared with the control. Under light (5%) and moderate (10%) drought stress, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) decreased, and the decrease of Pn was largely due to stomatal factors. Under severe (15%) drought stress, Ci increased, and the decrease of Pn was largely due to non-stomatal factors. The chloroplast pigment contents, initial fluorescence yield (Fo), largest PSII photo-chemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm), and potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo) did not change significantly under mild drought stress. Fo did not change significantly under moderate drought stress, but significantly increased under severe drought stress. Under moderate and severe drought stress, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and Chla, Chlb, Car contents were significantly decreased. Compared with the control, high CO2 concentration alone promoted the growth of rice seedlings, plant height and root length, with stronger promotion effect on root than plant height. The dry weight of underground part increased significantly due to its promoting effect on dry weight than fresh weight. High CO2 concentration significantly increased Pn, and decreased Gs, Tr and Ci. Photosynthesis was also increased by the increases of Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and Chla, Chlb, Car contents. Under high CO2 and water stress, high CO2 promoted the growth of rice seedlings compared with water stress alone, Pn, Gs and Tr were also significantly increased. Photosynthesis was promoted by the increases of Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and contents of chlorophyll and decrease of Fo, and thus reduced damage induced by water stress. The decrease of Pn under severe water stress transformed from non-stomatal factors to stomatal factors. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of urban green space ecological network in Chengdu based on morphological spatial pattern analysis and graph theory. ZHOU Yuan, TANG Mi, CHEN Juan, LI Bei Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1527-1536.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202306.014 Abstract （52）      PDF（pc） （6790KB）（125）       Knowledge map    Save The construction of green space ecological network is a key point for urban and rural green space to play its compound ecological efficiency, which is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of urban and rural ecological environment. In this study, we extracted the spatial distribution information of green space in the central urban area of Chengdu to quantify the spatial connectivity characteristics of green space ecological network, and examined the optimal structure of urban green space ecological network by using morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and graph theory. The results showed that MSPA method could effectively identify the systemically important core areas and connecting-bridge areas. The green space ecological network constructed by graph theory presented the following characteristics: (1) The south and north parts of Chengdu were dominated by river corridors, with complex network structure. (2) The west part of Chengdu was dominated by isolated island green patches, with relatively less corridors. (3) The connectivity of green space network had obvious spatial differences, with a decreasing trend from west to east and from periphery to center. Finally, based on the graph metrics, important ecological sources, stepping-stone patches and important connected ecological corridors were selected in the central Chengdu to optimize the structure of green space ecological network. The optimization of green space ecological network based on MSPA and graph theory has crucial theoretical reference and method support for urban green space system planning. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Soil nutrients and enzyme activities in different types of forest plantations in karst degraded mountainous sites. Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 616-622.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.035 Abstract （52）      PDF（pc） （977KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save Artificial vegetation restoration is one of the significant ways of ecological restoration in degraded karst mountainous areas. We investigated soil nutrient contents and soil enzyme activities and their correlations across three types of forest plantations, including Cupressus duclouxina forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and C. duclouxina-R. pseudoacacia mixed forest, with unplanted land (control). We aimed to provide a reference basis for selecting suitable planting species and methods to improve soil quality in this region. The results showed that: (1) soils of all four vegetation types were alkaline, and soil pH of plantations was significantly lower than that of the unplanted land. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the soil of plantations were significantly higher than that of the unplanted land, while the contents of total potassium and available potassium were significantly lower than that of unplanted land. (2) Except for alkaline phosphatase, the activities of other four enzymes were the highest in C. duclouxina-R. pseudoacacia mixed forest. The activities of urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase in plantations were higher than those in the unplanted land. (3) The main factors influenced by soil nutrients were different for urease, polyphenol oxidase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase, while the correlation between peroxidase activity and nutrient indicators was not significant. (4) Results of redundancy analysis showed that soil total nitrogen and phosphorus contents had significant effects on soil enzyme activities in different types of plantations, which could explain 60.7% of the variation of enzyme activities. The cumulative contribution rate of variance of enzyme activity and nutrient characteristic relationship was 78.8%. Artificial vegetation restoration in degraded karst mountainous sites could improve soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities, thereby improving soil quality, and then lay the foundation for further improving the service functions and stability of plantation ecosystems and promoting the quality of regional ecological environment.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Oxidative stress and metabolic adaptations of liver to hibernating and non-hibernating states in Eremias multiocellata. ZHANG Xiujing, ZHONG Qiumei, ZHENG Yanghui, WANG Jianli Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1417-1425.   Abstract （48）      PDF（pc） （2010KB）（67）       Knowledge map    Save Studies of oxidative stress contribute to understanding relationships between animal life history and habitat. Oxidative stress in animals is closely related to their metabolism. To explore the effects of habitat and hibernation on oxidative and metabolic responses in lizards, we compared the basal activities of key antioxidant enzymes and metabolic enzymes and liver glycogen content in Eremias multiocellata from a low-altitude desert with those in Scincella tsinlingensis from a high-altitude mountainous region. We assessed these parameters and the expression of the genes encoding glycogen synthase-2 (GYS2), phosphorylase (PYGL) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) in E. multiocellata during summer active period (July), hibernating period (December), and spring arousal period (April). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and citrate synthase (CS) were significantly lower in E. multiocellata than in S. tsinlingensis, while malondialdehyde (MDA) displayed an opposite trend. There were no significant differences in liver glycogen content between the two species. Liver SOD, GPX, and CAT activities in E. multiocellata were significantly higher during arousal period than those during active and hibernating periods, while MDA content was significantly lower in hibernating and arousal periods than that in the active period. CS activity was significantly higher during hibernation than that during the other periods. Liver glycogen was significantly reduced during arousal period relative to active and hibernating periods. Expression of GYS2, PYGL, and XDH genes in the liver was lower during hibernation than that during the other periods. These results indicate that E. multiocellata living in low-altitude desert areas displays a reduced dependence upon oxidative metabolism relative to S. tsinlingensis living in high-altitude mountain areas. The oxidative stress resistance and metabolic levels of E. multiocellata showed an adaptive response to seasons. Antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver were broadly up-regulated during the arousal period but not during the hibernating period, which may be associated with restored metabolism during the arousal period. These results enrich our understanding of lizards’ adaptabilities to oxidative stress. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 0-.   Abstract （47）      PDF（pc） （12747KB）（215）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of bioorganic fertilizer on soil quality and yield of continuous cropping sugar beet under reduced chemical fertilizer application. TIAN Lu, SU Wenbin, GUO Xiaoxia, HUANG Chunyan, JIAN Caiyuan, ZHANG Peng, LI Zhi, HAN Kang Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 665-674.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.044 Abstract （42）      PDF（pc） （3889KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save We explored the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil structure, nutrient characteristics, biological characteristics and yield of continuous cropping sugar beet, with the aim to screen out the best application amount of bioorganic fertilizer. With the conventional fertilization (900 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer) as the control (CK), we set up bioorganic fertilizer treatments (BOF1: 1500 kg·hm-2; BOF2: 3000 kg·hm-2; BOF3: 4500 kg·hm-2; BOF4: 6000 kg·hm-2; BOF5: 7500 kg·hm-2) on the basis of reducing 300 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer. The results showed that the effects of BOF1 on soil quality indices were not significant. The BOF2 significantly increased the content of soil organic matter and available potassium. The BOF3 significantly reduced soil bulk density by 5.11%, significantly increased soil total porosity by 5.92%, soil organic matter by 14.07%, soil alkaline nitrogen by 18.35%, soil available phosphorus by 3.59%, and soil available potassium by 14.61%. Treatments BOF4 and BOF5 had similar effects on soil quality and beet yield. BOF4 and BOF5 significantly reduced soil bulk density by 9.33% and 9.65%, significantly increased soil porosity by 10.82% and 11.19%, soil organic matter by 27.22% and 27.78%, soil alkaline nitrogen by 31.62% and 35.42%, soil available phosphorus by 44.10% and 54.87%, soil available potassium by 22.93% and 30.03%, respectively. Both treatments significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon by 22.78%-44.19% and 23.81%-60.17%, microbial biomass nitrogen by 2.45%-37.64% and 16.74%-43.56%, invertase activity by 26.03%-38.61% and 29.27%-44.71%, urease activity by 42.72%-63.20% and 51.59%-69.89%, alkaline phosphatase activity by 3.59%-33.44% and 29.60%-38.62%. There were no significant differences in each soil quality index between these two treatments. Compared with CK, the yield of BOF2, BOF3, BOF4 and BOF5 increased by 5.69%, 11.82%, 22.29%, and 11.95%, respectively. The beet yield of treatment BOF4 was significantly higher than that of BOF2, BOF3, and BOF5. Treatment BOF4 increased the economic benefits of continuous cropping sugar beet by 12.79%. In all, the application of 6000 kg·hm-2 bioorganic fertilizer can achieve the synergetic improvement of soil quality, yield and economic benefits of continuous cropping sugar beet. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of tidal creek connectivity on fish communities in the Yangtze River estuary wetlands. MA Qiaozhen, ZHANG Tingting, ZHAO Feng, ZHANG Tao, YANG Gang, WANG Sikai Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (4): 913-921.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202404.002 Abstract （41）      PDF（pc） （1806KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save Tidal creeks are the main transporting and exchanging channels of nutrient between estuarine wetlands and adjacent waters, and also serve as the key habitats and migration channels for fish and other aquatic animals. It is of great importance to maintain good connectivity of tidal creeks for the sustainable development of fisheries resources in estuarine wetlands and adjacent waters. Compared with the higher-order ones, the lower-order tidal creeks are more ecologically vulnerable. The highly connected areas of the lower-order creeks are preferred habitats for fish. To quantify the connectivity of lower-order tidal creeks in the Dongtang tidal flat, located in the Chongming Island of the Yangtze River estuary, six indicators from two categories (hydrological group and fish migrating behavior group) were chosen, including cross-sectional area (m), β index, diameter (m), total number of connections between nodes, total length of connections between nodes (m), and measures of local centrality. These indicators were used to analyze the effects of creek connectivity on the distribution of fish communities. The habitat preference mechanism of fish communities could be verified in the lower-order tidal creeks of estuarine wetland. The node path set, which was derived from the fish migrating group and represented by three indicators (total number of connections between nodes, total length of connections between nodes, measures of local centrality) had significant differences (P<0.05) in fish abundance and biomass among the tidal creeks, with high, middle, and low connectivity. This result could effectively verify the effects of connectivity on fish community distribution in the lower-order tidal creeks. Since the node path set was mainly composed of indicators quantifying the lateral connectivity of tidal creeks with adjacent patches, the result also suggested that the habitat preference of fish may be mainly correlated with the lateral connectivity of lower-order tidal creeks, but not with the hydrological connectivity of the higher-order tidal creeks. The characteristics of the lower-order tidal creeks with high connectivity were also clarified, which showed higher measures of local centrality (the average measures of local centrality of the network was 11), more total number of connections between nodes (the average number of paths was 6), and wider swimming range (total length of connections between nodes was about 800 m). The larger the range of suitable habitat for foraging and sheltering, the more this kind of tidal creek could attract small fish or juvenile fish, especially the detritivory and strong swimmer species to habitat. Our results can provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration of wetland tidal creeks. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characteristics of topsoil phosphorus fractions along a chronosequence of Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis plantations in the rainy area of western China. Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 623-632.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.031 Abstract （40）      PDF（pc） （2475KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrients limiting plant productivity. However, how stand age affects soil P fractions remains poorly understood. Here, topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from Cryptomeria japonica plantations with seven stand ages (6, 12, 23, 27, 32, 46, 52 years old) in the Hongya Forest Farm in the rainy area of western China in Sichuan basin. Soil P fractions were measured by Hedley P classification method. The results showed that soil total P concents ranged from 231.93 to 370.27 mg·kg-1, and were the lowest at young age (6 years old) and the highest at middle-aged forest (12 years old). The contents of soil total inorganic P and total organic P first increased and then decreased and increased respectively with increasing stand age. The proportion of total inorganic P to total P decreased with increasing stand age, while the pattern for total organic P was opposite. The contents of labile inorganic P, labile organic P and moderately labile organic P generally increased with increasing stand age, which may be correlated with the decrease of pH and the increase of organic carbon content. Moderately labile inorganic P fractions of middle-aged (12 years old) and mature (32 years old) plantations were significantly higher than those of other stand ages. Soil non-labile P fraction first increased and then decreased with increasing stand age, with the increase in soil bulk density and the decrease in soil water content as main reasons. Results of multiple linear regression model and Pearson correlation analysis showed that labile inorganic P did not correlate with stand ages. Moderately labile organic P, which affects labile inorganic P, could increase with increasing stand age. The increase of moderately labile organic P with increasing stand age could positively affect the production of labile inorganic P. Our results indicated that topsoil P fractions varied with stand ages. These findings can help propose solutions to the problems of soil P at corresponding stand ages and provide  theoretical basis for improving the quality and efficiency and maintaining soil fertility of Cryptomeria japonica plantations. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on the effects of climate change on plant phenology of natural grasslands. SUN Jianping, LYU Wangwang, LI Bowen, LIU Shizhang, WU Jing, WANG Shiping Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 888-894.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.048 Abstract （40）      PDF（pc） （454KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Save Plant phenology has always been a hotspot and frontier research in plant evolutionary biology, plant ecology, and climate change ecology, as it is closely associated with plant adaption and evolution, interspecies relationship, and ecosystem structure and functions, and it is greatly sensitive to climate change. Here, we review the main progresses and problems about the responses of the staring date and duration of phenological sequences to climate change based on three levels (i.e., individual, population, and community) with seven phenological sequences (i.e., onset of green-up, first budding-set, first flowering, first fruiting-set, nutrition after fruiting-set, first coloring, and complete coloring). We further proposed some scientific questions and prospects to promote the development of plant phenological studies in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Planting Cinnamomum camphora can effectively mitigate soil acidity and improve soil nutrients in acid rain area of Chongqing. FENG Yongxia, CHEN Ruisi, NI Xiuya, SHANG He, CHEN Zhan Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 633-643.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.020 Abstract （38）      PDF（pc） （1514KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save Pinus massoniana is one of the main afforestation species in southwest China, which is sensitive to acid deposition. To cope with acid deposition, stand transformation is often carried out in coniferous forests that have been seriously affected. In this study, we explored the effects of transformation of P. massoniana pure plantation on soil acidification and nutrients by comparing P. massoniana-C. camphora mixed plantation, C. camphora pure plantation, and P. massoniana pure plantation in Tieshanping of Chongqing. Soil samples of humus (Ah) and leachate (E) horizons were collected in different seasons. The results showed that: (1) Forest type had significant effects on soil properties in Ah horizon (P<0.05). Soil nutrient concentrations in Ah horizon were significantly higher than those in E horizon. Soil properties in both horizons varied greatly across seasons (P<0.05). (2) After the transformation of P. massoniana pure plantation, soil pH in Ah horizon was in order of P. massoniana pure plantation < P. massoniana-C. camphora mixed plantation < C. camphora pure plantation. Soil NH4+∶NO3- ratio was significantly reduced after the transformation of P. massoniana pure plantation, which could alleviate soil acidification. (3) Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations were significantly reduced after the transformation of P. massoniana pure plantation, while soil total phosphorus and total potassium concentrations were significantly increased (P<0.05), which could provide more phosphorus and potassium and thus alleviate the phosphorus and potassium limitation on plant growth in the acidic soils. (4) The comprehensive soil fertility index evaluated by the fuzzy comprehensive method was 0.585-0.664. Our results suggested that the transformation of the P. massoniana pure plantation into P. massoniana-C. camphora mixed plantation and C. camphora pure plantation could improve soil fertility. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of organic fertilizer and intercropping on soil microbial characteristics and yield and quality of red pitaya in dry-hot region. LI Yilin, LI Kun, LI Jiancha, PAN Zhixian, SHI Liangtao, LIU Xiaogang, FANG Haidong, YUE Xuewen Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 656-664.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.013 Abstract （38）      PDF（pc） （1184KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save The objective of this study was to investigate the advantages of applying organic fertilizer and intercropping on the planting of red pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis cv. ‘Tainong No. 2’). A field experiment was carried out to examine the effects of organic fertilizer application rate (F0: 0 t·hm-2 and F20: 20 t·hm-2) and intercropping method \[MP: monoculture pitaya, IP: pitaya intercropping peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and IS: pitaya intercropping soybean (Glycine max)\] on soil microbial abundance, soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity, as well as the yield and quality in red pitaya orchard in a dry-hot region. The relationship between the yield and quality of red pitaya and soil microbial characteristics were also analyzed. The results showed that compared with F0 treatment, F20 treatment significantly increased the abundance of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, enhanced the activities of soil invertase, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase, and improved the yield and quality of red pitaya. Compared with MP treatment, IP and IS treatment significantly increased soil microbial abundance, microbial biomass nitrogen and the activities of invertase and urease under F0 and F20 conditions; while IP and IS treatments significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon, phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity only under F20 condition. Intercropping significantly increased the fruit yield of red pitaya. IP and IS treatment increased yield by 48.48% and 42.20% under F0 condition, and increased by 25.37% and 29.82% under F20 condition, respectively, when compared with MP treatment. IP and IS treatments significantly increased soluble sugar and vitamin C content with F0 conditions, but significantly increased vitamin C, soluble solids and protein content with F20 conditions. Yield and quality of red pitaya were significantly positively correlated with soil microbial abundance, soil microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activity. The correlation between soluble sugar content and soil catalase activity was not significant. Therefore, the application of organic fertilizer and intercropping peanut or soybean can enhance soil microbial activity, thus improving the yield and quality of red pitaya in dry-hot region. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of AMF and phosphorus application on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in oat soil under drought stress. ZHANG Bin, LYU Yufeng, LI Li, FENG Meichen, WANG Chao, SONG Xiaoyan, YANG Wude, ZHANG Meijun Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 644-655.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.034 Abstract （37）      PDF（pc） （2529KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save The objectives were to investigate the effects of applying AMF and phosphorus on AMF infection of oat roots, soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activity, as well as oat yield under drought stress, so as to develop AMF and phosphorus application guidelines for growing oat under drought. The experiment was conducted in pots for a total of 12 treatments, consisted of two levels of water supply, normal water supply (75% soil relative water content, W1) and drought stress (55% soil relative water content, W2), three levels of phosphorus supplement, 0, 20, and 40 mg·kg-1 (P0, P1, P2), and two levels of AMF, inoculated (AMF) and not inoculated (NAMF). Root and soil samples were collected at the jointing, filling, and maturity stages to determine the AMF infection rate of oat roots, the soil MBC, MBN, and MBP, the soil sucrase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Oat yield was determined at maturity stage. The results showed that significant effects of soil water content, phosphorus, and AMF treatment were found on these indicators. Significant interactions among three factors were found on soil MBN  and soil sucrose activities. Under drought stress, compared with non-inoculated AMF, inoculated AMF significantly increased these indicators. Compared to P0, the AMF infection rate, the soil MBC, MBN, and MBP, the soil sucrase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase activities and yield significantly increased by 13.21%, 52.26%, 47.07%, 88.94%, 23.15%, 15.44%, 11.15% and 17.16% (the maximum value) with P1 application in oat growth period, respectively. However, these indicators tended to be reduced with further increasing of phosphorus application (P2). Therefore, AMF inoculation and a moderate application of phosphorus were effective ways to increase the  soil MBC, MBN and MBP, improve the activities of soil sucrase, urease and alkaline phosphatase, and increase oat yield under drought stress; however, the oat yield did not reach the level in normal water supply without AMF inoculation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of photovoltaic panels on plant community characteristics and species diversity in meadow steppe. REN Naipeng, LI Yikun, ZHU Boquan, WANG Yifan, LIANG Wenchao, LIU Xiangping Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 766-772.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.045 Abstract （37）      PDF（pc） （1125KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the plant community characteristics and species diversity of meadow steppe of the national photovoltaic and energy storage empirical experimental platform in Datong District, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, and to examine the influence of different habitats of photovoltaic electric field (between photovoltaic panels and under photovoltaic panels) on plant communities, we conducted a quadrat survey to investigate plant community characteristics. The differences of species composition and importance values, quantitative characteristics of community and species diversity were compared under and between photovoltaic panels. The results showed that species with the highest importance value in the photovoltaic field was Leymus chinensis, followed by Puccinellia tenuiflora. The plant community quantitative characteristic values of L. chinensis, P. tenuiflora, Phragmites australis, Suaeda salsa, and Eleocharis intersita in the habitat between photovoltaic panels were higher than those of under photovoltaic panels, and that of Potentilla anserina under photovoltaic panels was higher than that between photovoltaic panels. Shannon index, Margalef index and Simpson index of the community between photovoltaic panels were higher than those under photovoltaic panels. There was a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) among Shannon index, Margalef index, and Simpson index. Pielou index was non-significantly negatively correlated with the other three indices. The correlation coefficient between Simpson index and Margalef index was the highest. The values of most plant community quantitative characteristic were higher in the habitats between the photovoltaic panels than that under the photovoltaic panels, with higher species richness and more stable community structure in the habitats between the photovoltaic panels. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multi-objective optimization of land use based on ecosystem service bundle zoning: A case study of Bayannur City. LI Yunxia, WANG Chenxu, LIU Yanxu Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (5): 1205-1213.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202305.020 Abstract （36）      PDF（pc） （3539KB）（82）       Knowledge map    Save Optimization in spatial structure of land use is an important way to effectively manage ecosystem services and coordinate the conflicts between human and land. Current available optimization programs are mostly from the perspective of whole region, ignoring the regional differentiation of ecosystem services, which would underestimate optimization benefits or be low in feasibility. Taking Bayannur City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as an example, we used ecosystem service cluster and genetic algorithm to implement zoning land use optimization based on SAORES platform. The results showed that compared with current land use pattern, the overall optimization of land use layout functionally improved ecological benefits by 16.8% and reduced the service of food production by 6.4%. The zoning optimization of land use layout was more cost-effective, with 27.3% improvement in ecological benefits and only 5.6% reduction in food production service. The landscape disturbance in the pattern showed a general decrease after optimization. The edge effect was significantly reduced, with no significant difference between the overall and zoning optimization schemes. We proposed an optimized scheme for the spatial configuration of ecological reserves conforming to the long-term development of Bayannur City. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Suitable distribution pattern and early warning of invasive species Mirabilis japala under climate change scenarios in China. SU Qitao, ZOU Zhengrong, DU Zhixuan, ZHOU Bing Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 833-841.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.046 Abstract （35）      PDF（pc） （3637KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save It is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the distribution patterns of invasive plants under global climate change for the control and prevention of invasive plants. Based on 228 distribution points nationwide and 13 major environmental and climatic factors (from 19 environmental and climatic data of WorldClim), we simulated and analyzed the major environmental factors affecting the distribution of invasive species Mirabilis japala using MaxEnt model. Combined with ArcMap software, we analyzed the distribution pattern and change pattern of the suitable area of M. japala under three climate scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) in the current and future (2050s and 2070s). The results showed that the prediction accuracy of MaxEnt model was extremely high, with the AUC value of training data and test data being 0.983 and 0.980, respectively. Precipitation of the warmest quarter was the main environmental factor affecting the distribution of M. japala. In current climate condition, the total suitable area was 429.06×104 km2, accounting for 44.52% of the total land area, located in all provinces except Xinjiang in China. Under the three climate scenarios in the future, the potential distribution area of M. japala will be shrinking in the south, expanding in the north, and the total area of suitable area will increase. The southern part of Jilin, the southern part of Heilongjiang and the southeastern part of Inner Mongolia are the main expansion areas, and the center of mass migrates to the high latitude areas in the northeast direction. In conclusion, under the scenario of global climate change, the suitable area of M. japala in China will increase and expand  northward. Some regions in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, southern Jilin, southern Tibet, northern Sichuan and southern Gansu should take precautions to prevent the expansion of M. japala. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）