Abstract: This study was carried out in the Experimental Station of Nanjing Agricultural University,which is in a subtropical monsoon region characterized by a warm-wet spring and a hot-dry summer. The annual average temperature,precipitation and evaporation are 15.6℃,1010 mm and 1560 mm,respectively. In1999,the experimental plots (2.8 m×1.0 m×0.6 m) were established by concrete frame. Soil in the plots was orthic aquisols collected from Rugao County,Jiangsu Province. Crop rotation was upland rice and winter wheat. At the beginning of the first crop (rice) season,earthworms (Pheretima sp.) were inoculated at a density of 10·m^-2 and 20·m^-2,respectively,in the plots with an application of corn residues at the rate of 1500 g·m^-2 (750 g·m^-2 in the following seasons). The responses of soil carbon and nitrogen and crop yield to earthworm activity were investigated from 1999 to 2001. The results showed that earthworms had no significant influences on total soil carbon and nitrogen content,which implied that there was no depletion of soil carbon and nitrogen pools in the presence of earthworms. The maintenance of soil carbon might be explained by low assimilation efficiency of organic matter by earthworms,and by the compensation of carbon returning from plant production enhancement. Soil mineral nitrogen,soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen were increased,and nitrogen mineralization was strengthened by earthworm activities,which was more obvious at jointing/booting and heading stages. In comparison with no worm treatments,the yield of rice and wheat increased by 9.3% and 5.1%,respectively,in the treatments inoculated with earthworms. It was concluded that earthworm was very important in promoting nitrogen recycling of crop residues and plant productivity,and in keeping the balance of soil carbon pool as well.

Key words: Earthworm, Dynamics of soil C and N, Crop yield, Crop residue application, Upland rice winter wheat rotation