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应用生态学报 ›› 2001, Vol. ›› Issue (2): 205-209.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

半干旱地区地膜覆盖对作物产量和氮效率的影响

李世清, 李凤民, 宋秋华, 王俊   

  1. 兰州大学干旱农业生态国家重点实验室, 兰州730000
  • 收稿日期:2000-02-21 修回日期:2000-06-12 出版日期:2001-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 李凤民
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展规划(G2000018603);国家自然科学基金(39970151和39970459);教育部重点资助

Effect of plastic film mulching on crop yield and nitrogen efficiency in semiarid areas

LI Shiqing, LI Fengmin, SONG Qiuhua, WANG Jun   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Arid Agroecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
  • Received:2000-02-21 Revised:2000-06-12 Online:2001-03-25

摘要: 在年降水量415mm的半干旱地区黄绵土上,以春小麦为供试作物进行大田试验,研究地膜覆盖进程(包括不覆膜、播种后覆膜30d、覆膜60d和全程覆膜)、底墒和施N对作物产量和N效率的影响.结果表明,增加底墒、地膜覆盖和施N均会显著增加作物产量和吸N量(α<0.01),其影响顺序为N肥>底墒>覆膜.覆膜对产量的效应因底墒、施N和覆膜进程而异.从平均看,在低底墒时,各种覆膜处理产量虽有增加,但与不覆膜处理间的差异并不显著,而在高底墒时,以覆膜60d的产量最高,以不覆膜最低.由于覆膜和底墒影响作物产量和吸N量,因而也影响N效率.在低底墒时,以不覆膜和覆膜30d时N效率最高,而在高低墒时,30d、60d和全程覆膜处理间差异不显著.综合作物产量和N效率,全生育期覆膜并没有多少实际意义.

Abstract: The effect of plastic film mulching,water storage in soil profile before sowing,and nitrogen fertilization on crop yield and nitrogen efficiency was examined in this paper.The study site was on the cultivated lossial soil in semiarid areas with 415mm of annual rainfall and the test crop was spring wheat,Triticum aestivum.In order to study the effect of plastic film mulching,4 levels of mulching were designed,including mulching of 0,30 and 60 days after sowing and mulching over the whole growing period.The results showed that increase of soil water storage,plastic film mulching and nitrogen fertilization increased crop yield significantly(α<0.01),and their effect followed in the order of nitrogen fertilization>increase of water storage>plastic film mulching.The effect of mulching on crop yield varied with water storage,nitrogen fertilization and mulching periods.When the water storage was low,there was no significant difference in crop yield between mulching and no mulching,although mulching increased crop yield slightly,and the nitrogen efficiency was higher for no mulching and mulching 30 days.When the water storage was high,the difference between the yield of muching 60 days and no mulching was significant,but no difference in nitrogen efficiency was found for mulching 30 days,60 days and over whole growing period.It was suggested that mulching over whole growing period was of less significance in practice.

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