鱼池生态系统中影响浮游细菌生长制约因素的研究

应用生态学报 ›› 2002, Vol. ›› Issue (1): 95-100.

鱼池生态系统中影响浮游细菌生长制约因素的研究

谭洪新, 胡煜昂, 梅志平

上海水产大学渔业学院, 上海 200090

收稿日期:1999-01-04 修回日期:2000-04-21 出版日期:2002-01-15
通讯作者: 谭洪新,男,1968年生,硕士,讲师,主要从事环境生态学及设施渔业的教学与研究,发表论文7篇E-mail:hxtan@shfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
农业部青年科学基金项目(渔青9603)

Main factors influencing the growth of planktonic bacteria in fish pond ecosystem

TAN Hongxin, HU Yuang, MEI Zhiping

Aquaculture College, Shanghai Fisheries University, Shanghai 200090

Received:1999-01-04 Revised:2000-04-21 Online:2002-01-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 从溶解有机质及营养盐对细菌生长、细菌利用和矿化营养物质的影响,细菌捕食者和水温对细菌生长的影响等方面就鱼池生态系内影响细菌生长的主要制约因素进行研究.结果表明,向池水中添加P明显促进了细菌的生长和对C、N素的吸收,而添加C和N对细菌数量增长和营养物质吸收的作用不明显,但添加N明显增强了细菌对有机N的矿化能力,表明原池水中C、N供应充足,而无机磷限制了细菌的生长和对营养物质的利用;捕食组的细菌生长速率最低,比对照组减少6.26%～15.4%,且增长结束后细菌数量下降较其它组显著;池塘水体的原有细菌丰度、试验培养中细菌增长数量和生长速率在温度较高的季节也较高,温度升高促进了细菌生长,减弱捕食对细菌生长的负作用.

Abstract: Focused on the main factors influencing the growth of bacteria in fish pond ecosystem, the variation of abundance in bacterial culture, the effects of substrate on bacterial growth, nutrient uptake and mineralization, the effects of bacterivorous predator and water temperature on bacterial growth were investigated in this paper. The results showed that the growth of bacteria and its uptake of Cand Nwere enhanced by application of inorganic phosphorus into the water, but not by application of organic carbon and nitrogen, and that the Nmineralization was increased by adding organic nitrogen, indicating that the bacterial growth was limited by inorganic Pin the substrate, not by organic Cand N. Among the five test groups,predator bacteria had the slowest growth rate,being lower than the control by 626～154%. The abundance of bacteria,its number increment and growth rate in the fish pond were found to be positively correlated with water temperature in different seasons.In addition,at higher temperature,the positive effects of nutrient application on bacterial growth were enhanced,while the negative effects of predator bacteria on bacterial growth were weakened.

中图分类号:

S963.21⁺1

谭洪新, 胡煜昂, 梅志平. 鱼池生态系统中影响浮游细菌生长制约因素的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, (1): 95-100.

TAN Hongxin, HU Yuang, MEI Zhiping . Main factors influencing the growth of planktonic bacteria in fish pond ecosystem[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, (1): 95-100.

参考文献

[1] Azam F. 1983. The ecological role of water column microbes in the sea. Mar EcolProg Ser, 10:257～263
[2] Coveney MF, Wetzel RG. 1992. Effects of nutrients on specific growth rate of bacterioplankton in oligotrophic lake water cultures.App Environ Microbiol, 1:150～156
[3] Currie DJ, Kalff J. 1984. The relative importance of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in phosphorus uptake in freshwater. Limnol Oceanogr, 29:311～321
[4] Goldman JC and Caron DA. 1987. Regulation of gross growth efficiency and ammonium regenration in bacteria by substate C: N ratio. Limnol Oceanogr, 32:1239～ 1252
[5] Gude H. 1989. The role of grazing on bacteria in plankton successicn. In: Sommer U ed. Plankton Ecology: Succession in Plankton Communities. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 337～ 364
[6] Herbert D. 1976. Stoichiometric aspects of microbial growth. In:Dean ACR eds. Continuous Culture: Applications and New Fields.Ellis Horwood. 1 ～30
[7] Jorgensen NOG, Jensen RE. 1994. Microbial fluxes of free monosaccharides and total carbohydrates in freshwater determined by PADUPLC FEMS. Microbiol Ecol, 14:79～94
[8] Kirchman DL. 1990. Limitation of bacterial growth by dissolved organic matter in the subarktic Pacific. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 62:47～54
[9] Mei Z-P(梅志平),Shi Z-F(施正峰).1994. Effects of substrate Cl N ratio on growth of planktonic bacterial assemblage and their N mineralization in fish pond ecosystem. J Shanghai Fish Univ, 3 (1～2):40～46
[10] Morris DP, Lewis WN. 1992. Nutrient limitation of bacterioplankton growth in lake Dillon, Colorado. Limnol Oceanogr, 37:1179-1192
[11] Nagata T, David LL. 1992. Release of dissoved organic matter by heterotrophic protozoa: implications for microbial food webs. Arch HydrobiollBeih, 35:99～109
[12] Nakano SI. 1995. The role of bacterivorous flagellates in the phos phorus cycling in lake Biwa, Japan. Rep Suua Hydrobiol, 9: 53～60
[13] Parssons TR. 1984. A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analyses. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 60～ 65
[14] Psenner R, Ruben S. 1992. Are rapid changes in bacterial biomass caused by shifts from top-down to bottom-up control? Limnol Oceanogr, 37(5): 1092～1100
[15] Sanders RW, DA Caron . 1992. Relationships between bacteria and heterotrophic nanoplankton in marine and fresh waters: An inter-ecosystem comparison. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 86: 1～14
[16] Schweitzer B, Simon M. 1995. Growth limitation of planktonic bacteria in a large mesotrophic lake. Mocrob Ecol, 30:89～ 104
[17] Simon M, Rosenstock B. 1992. Carbon and nitrogen sources of planktonic bacteria in lake constance studied by the composition and isotope dilution of intacelluar amino acids. Lirmnol Oceanogr, 37(7): 1496～1511
[18] Tupas L, Koike I. 1990. Amino acid and ammonium utilization by heterotrophic marine bacteria grown in enriched seawater. Limnol Oceanogr, 35(5): 1145～1155
[19] Vadstein O, Jensen A. 1988. Growth and phosphorus status of limnetic phytoplankton and bacteria. Limnol Oceanogr, 33: 489～503
[20] Vadstein O, Olsen Y. 1989. Chemical comositis and phosphate uptake kinetics of limnentic bacterial communtities cultured in chemostats undphosphorus limitation. Limonl Oceanogr, 34:939 ～946