欢迎访问《生态学杂志》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 1253-1263.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202105.020

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

2005—2015年不同恢复途径下川西亚高山森林乔木层群落动态变化

陈晓霞,包维楷,何其华,补欢欢,廖礼彬,周志琼*,石福孙*   

  1. (中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041)
  • 出版日期:2021-05-10 发布日期:2021-05-07

Community dynamics of arbor layer in subalpine forest of western Sichuan by different restoration approaches from 2005-2015.

CHEN Xiao-xia, BAO Wei-kai, HE Qi-hua, BU Huan-huan, LIAO Li-bin, ZHOU Zhi-qiong*, SHI Fu-sun*   

  1. (Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China)  
  • Online:2021-05-10 Published:2021-05-07

摘要: 自然恢复形成的次生林和人工恢复的人工林是西南山地分布面积最大、最为典型的森林植被类型。本研究以川西茂县大沟流域自然恢复的次生林以及人工恢复形成的华山松和油松人工林为对象,分析2005—2015年不同恢复途径下森林演替过程中乔木层结构特征、物种组成与群落动态变化,探索不同恢复模式下乔木层群落发展趋势,为区域人工林和次生林的经营管理提供科学依据。结果显示:(1)随着演替进程,油松人工林内乔木层密度增加,径阶和高度分布范围也呈增加趋势,乔木层树种幼苗更新较弱,大径级个体增加,群落演替趋于稳定;华山松人工林和自然恢复下的次生林,乔木层密度先降低后增加,径阶和高度变化趋向处于不稳定状态,表现为先增加后降低的态势,幼龄个体增加,处于增长状态。(2)3种森林乔木层物种数都呈增加趋势,其中华山松人工林增加最为明显,从12种增加到23种,人工栽种树种的重要值降低,保留带内残留的乡土阔叶树种重要值增加,成为华山松人工林从针叶林向针阔混交林演替的主要驱动因子;油松人工林内造林密度较高,乡土阔叶物种更新与生长受到抑制,林窗是促使其物种增加的主要原因;自然恢复下的次生林内乡土树种重要值之和从2005年的35.48%增加至2015年的81.12%,锐齿槲栎等乡土阔叶树种成为其优势种,是其演替的主要驱动因子。(3)不同恢复途径下,油松人工林丰富度指数和多样性指数明显低于次生林,华山松人工林多样性随着时间进程显著增加,与次生林多样性指数接近。从长期来看,低密度“等高交错配置造林模式”形成的华山松人工林对多样性恢复和保护效果与自然恢复相似。

关键词: 次生林, 造林模式, 群落演替, 人工林, 自然恢复

Abstract: Secondary forest formed by natural restoration and artificial forest are the most typical forest types with the largest distribution in the mountainous areas of southwest China. This study focuses on the naturally restored secondary forests as well as the Pinus armandii and Pinus tabuliformis plantations in the Dagou Watershed of Maoxian County, western Sichuan. We examined changes in the species composition and structure of tree community under different restoration pathways during 2005-2015, aiming to provide a scientific basis for forest management. The results showed that tree density and the range of tree diameter class and height distribution increased in Pinus tabuliformis forest along with forest succession. The seedling regeneration of tree layer species was weak and the number of largediameter individuals increased, indicating stable community succession. Tree density in Pinus armandii and secondary forests decreased firstly and then increased, while the distribution of tree diameter class and height showed increased firstly and then decreased with an increase in abundance of young trees. The number of tree layer species in all three forest types showed an increasing trend, especially in Pinus armandii forest, which increased from 12 to 23. The importance value decreased in the planted tree species and increased in the remaining native broad-leaved tree species in the retention belt, which drove the shift of Pinus armandii forest from coniferous forest to coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. High planting density in Pinus tabuliformis forest inhibited the regeneration and growth of native broad-leaved species, with forest gap being the main factor driving succession. In secondary forest, the importance value of native tree species increased from 35.48% in 2005 to 81.12% in 2015. Native broad-leaved species including Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata were the dominant species, which was the main factor driving the succession of secondary forest. The richness and diversity in Pinus tabuliformis forest were significantly lower than that of secondary forest. The diversity in Pinus armandii forest significantly increased with time, quite close to the secondary forest. In the long term, the effect of Pinus armandii forest with low density “contour-staggered configuration afforestation model” was similar to that of natural restoration in terms of biodiversity restoration.

Key words: secondary forest, afforestation model, community succession, forest plantation, natural restoration.