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生态学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 3971-3978.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202012.019

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

模拟氮沉降对恶性入侵植物刺苍耳幼苗生长特征的影响

陶媛媛1,赵玉1,胡云霞2,尚天翠1,张宗艳3,郎青1,刘影1*   

  1. (1伊犁师范大学生物与地理科学学院, 新疆伊宁 835000; 2伊犁师范大学化学与环境科学学院, 新疆伊宁 835000; 3兰州大学生命科学学院, 兰州 730020)
  • 出版日期:2020-12-10 发布日期:2021-06-10

Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the growth of Xanthium spinosum.

TAO Yuan-yuan1, ZHAO Yu1, HU Yun-xia2, SHANG Tian-cui1, ZHANG Zong-yan3, LANG Qing1, LIU Ying1*   

  1. (1Biology and Geography Science School, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China; 2Chemistry and Environment Science School of Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, Xinjiang; 3School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China).
  • Online:2020-12-10 Published:2021-06-10

摘要: 刺苍耳(Xanthium spinosum)为伊犁河谷地区常见的恶性入侵植物,研究其幼苗在氮沉降下的生长、分配特征,将有助于了解该物种对氮沉降的响应规律。实验设置4个氮沉降水平(0、0.18、0.72、2.88 g N·m-2·week-1),探索刺苍耳幼苗的形态特征、构件的生物量及生物量分配的响应特征。结果表明:(1)相对于对照组和低沉降组,中等水平的氮沉降(0.72 g N·m-2·week-1)下幼苗的主根伸长、株高增高、叶片数增多、基径加粗、刺增多;高氮沉降(2.88 g N·m-2·week-1)下,除主根长显著伸长外,幼苗的株高、叶片数、基径和刺数均显著降低;(2)在高氮环境中,根、茎和叶的生物量均显著下降,但根生物量比和根冠比则显著增高;(3)幼苗的生长对不同氮沉降水平具有时间响应特征,中氮条件下的幼苗在取样中期表现为生长缓慢,在末期则迅速生长,而高氮条件下则恰好相反。这些结果表明,中等水平的氮沉降能在一定程度上促进刺苍耳幼苗的生长,提高其潜在的入侵危害性,但高氮沉降下则不利于入侵。

关键词: 刺苍耳, 氮沉降, 构件, 生长, 生物量分配

Abstract: Xanthium spinosum is a malignant invasive plant in Ili Valley. Studying the effects of nitrogen deposition on seedling growth and biomass allocation will help to understand the response of this species to nitrogen deposition. We examined the effects of nitrogen deposition on morphological characteristics, module’s biomass and biomass allocation of X. spinosum seedlings, with four nitrogen deposition levels (0, 0.18, 0.72, 2.88 g N·m-2·week-1). The results showed that: (1) Moderate nitrogen deposition (0.72 g N·m-2·week-1) increased taproot length, plant height, number of leaves, basal diameter, and number of thorns, which enhanced the invasive ability. Compared with the control group and low nitrogen deposition, taproot length increased under high nitrogen deposition (2.88 g N·m-2·week-1), but plant height, number of leaves, basal diameter and number of thorns significantly decreased, which was not conducive to seedling growth. (2) Under high nitrogen deposition, the biomass of roots, stems and leaves significantly decreased, while the biomass ratio of roots and the ratio of root to shoot increased significantly, indicating that high nitrogen deposition was not conducive to the allocation of biomass to aboveground and seedling growth was inhibited. (3) The response of seedling growth to different nitrogen deposition levels varied over time. The seedlings under medium nitrogen treatment grew slowly in the middle stage of sampling, and grew rapidly at the end of the sampling period, while under the high nitrogen treatment, the growth was rapid in the middle stage and slow in the end stage. These results indicated that moderate level of nitrogen deposition promoted the growth of X. spinosum seedlings and improved their invasive ability, but high level of nitrogen deposition was not conducive to invasion.

Key words: Xanthium spinosum, nitrogen deposition, module, growth, biomass allocation.