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施氮对沙质草地生态系统碳交换特征的影响

孙学凯1,林力涛1,2,3,于占源1*,黄月1,曾德慧1   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所大青沟沙地生态实验站, 沈阳 110016;2中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域国家重点实验室, 北京 100085;3中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2019-01-10 发布日期:2019-01-10

Effects of nitrogen addition on ecosystem carbon exchange in a sandy grassland.

SUN Xue-kai1, LIN Li-tao1,2,3, YU Zhan-yuan1*, HUANG Yue1, ZENG De-hui1   

  1. (1Daqinggou Ecological Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).
  • Online:2019-01-10 Published:2019-01-10

摘要: 生态系统碳交换是陆地生态系统碳循环的关键环节,氮沉降是草地生态系统常见扰动因素之一。本研究应用静态箱法对科尔沁沙质草地碳交换通量进行测定,探讨施氮对生态系统碳交换特征及其与温度、水分响应关系的影响。结果表明:施氮对不同生长时期净生态系统交换(NEE)、生态系统呼吸(ER)和总生态系统生产力(GEP)日动态的影响表现出一致的趋势,但其影响幅度存在差异,仅在植被生长最旺盛时期的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05);NEE与日照时长、温度无显著相关关系(P>0.05),而与生物量和水分存在显著线性正相关关系(P<0.05),施氮提高了NEE对土壤含水量变化响应敏感度,由0.18增至0.37;ER和GEP与日照时长、温度间存在极显著指数相关关系(P<0.01),施氮提高了ER和GEP对日照时长、温度变化的响应敏感度;生长季初期ER和GEP与生物量间呈较好的线性相关关系,施氮导致生物量变化可能是施氮对草地生态系统碳交换特征产生影响的重要因素。

关键词: 氨氧化古菌, 氨氧化细菌, 多样性, 长期施肥

Abstract: Ecosystem carbon exchange is a key component of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. Nitrogen (N) deposition is one of the most common disturbances in grassland ecosystems. In this study, we assessed the effects of N addition on ecosystem carbon exchange and its responses to the variations of temperature and moisture. Results showed that the daily variations of NEE, ER and GEP under N addition showed the same trend, but different magnitudes of variation during different growing periods with a significant level at vegetation vigorous period (P<0.05). NEE had no significant correlation with sunshine duration and temperature (P>0.05), but was positively correlated with biomass and soil moisture (P<0.05). N addition enhanced the sensitivity of NEE to soil moisture, from 0.18 to 0.37. Both ER and GEP showed a significant exponential relationship with sunshine duration and temperature (P<0.01). N addition increased the sensitivity of ER and GEP to sunshine duration and temperature. Aboveground biomass had a good correlation with ER and GEP at the beginning of the growing season. Changes of biomass following Naddition may play an important role in mediating the effects of N addition on grassland ecosystem carbon exchange.

Key words: ammonia-oxidizing archaea, long-term fertilization, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, diversity