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2004—2015年春季小清河口潮间带大型底栖动物群落特征变化

刘一霆1,2,刘欣禹1,2,冷宇1,2,徐兆东1,2,王振钟1,2,温若冰1,2*   

  1. (1山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室, 山东青岛 266033;2国家海洋局北海环境监测中心, 山东青岛 266033)
  • 出版日期:2018-04-10 发布日期:2018-04-10

Variations of macrobenthic community structure in the intertidal zone of Xiaoqing River estuary in spring from 2004 to 2015.

LIU Yi-ting1,2, LIU Xin-yu1,2, LENG Yu1,2, XU Zhao-dong1,2, WANG Zhen-zhong1,2, WEN Ruo-bing1,2*   

  1. (1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment & Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China; 2North China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China).
  • Online:2018-04-10 Published:2018-04-10

摘要: 为了解小清河口潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构变化及潍坊市沿海防护堤和海冰灾害对其的影响,于2004—2015年春季在该区域进行了底栖生物的逐年采样,调查大型底栖动物的种类组成、丰度和生物量,并分析了生物多样性状况。结果表明:12年间共鉴定出大型底栖动物108种,依据种类组成进行聚类分析可将大型底栖动物样品分为5组,防护堤建设之前的2004年和受防护堤建设及海冰灾害影响较小的2013年分别单独为一组,防护堤建设期间的2005—2008年为一组,在此期间动物群落受工程影响较大;防护堤建成之后的2009—2012年为一组,在此期间动物群落主要受海冰灾害的影响;2014年和2015年为一组,动物群落趋于稳定;丰度变化范围为218~1522 ind·m-2,生物量变化范围为31.83~123.41 g·m-2;丰富度指数(d)、均匀度指数(J)和香农指数(H)的平均值分别为3.12、0.51和2.55;丰度/生物量比较曲线表明,防护堤的建设和海冰灾害对大型底栖动物群落造成中等到严重程度的扰动。

关键词: 光合作用, 产量, 肥水利用效率, 有机营养液, 品质, 灌溉频次

Abstract: To reveal the variations of the structure of macrobenthic communities in the intertidal zone of Xiaoqing River estuary and the effects of coastal protection dam and sea ice, annual samplings of macrobenthos were carried out in each spring from 2004 to 2015. Species composition, biomass, abundance, and biodiversity indices of macrobenthos were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 108 species were identified in the past 12 years. The whole collections were divided into five main groups based on cluster analysis. Samples in 2004 before dam construction and samples in 2013 which were less affected by the dam construction and sea ice disaster, were identified as two separate groups. Macrobenthic communities were significantly affected during the dam construction in 2005-2008, the samples from which were identified as a group. Samples in the period of 2009-2012 after the dam construction were identified as a group, during which macrobenthic communities were mainly influenced by sea ice. Samples in 2014 and 2015 were merged into one group, in which the communities tended to be stable. The abundance and biomass ranged from 218 to 1522 ind·m-2 and 31.83 g·m-2 to 123.41 g·m-2, respectively. Species richness index (d), evenness index (J) and Shannon diversity index (H) were 3.12, 0.51 and 2.55, respectively. Abundance/biomass curves showed that the macrobenthic assemblages were under moderate to severe disturbance due to the construction of coastal protection dam and sea ice disaster.

Key words: irrigation frequency, yield, organic nutrient solution, quality, fertilizer and water use efficiency, photosynthesis