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中国农村聚落的空间格局及其宏观影响因子

陶婷婷1,杨洛君1,马浩之1,郭青海2,韩善锐1,刘茂松1,徐驰1*#br#   

  1. 1南京大学生命科学学院, 南京 210023; 2中国科学院城市环境研究所, 福建厦门 361021)
  • 出版日期:2017-05-10 发布日期:2017-05-10

Spatial patterns and macro-scale influencing factors of rural settlements in China.

TAO Ting-ting1, YANG Luo-jun1, MA Hao-zhi1, GUO Qing-hai2, HAN Shan-rui1, LIU Mao-song1, XU Chi1*#br#   

  1. (1 School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; 2 Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China).
  • Online:2017-05-10 Published:2017-05-10

摘要: 农村聚落的空间格局可以反映农业社会中人类利用土地资源的空间分割方式。本文在全国尺度上进行系统采样,利用高分辨率遥感影像提取我国东部农村聚落信息,通过空间分析和多元回归定量研究了宏观尺度上自然环境因子和社会经济因子与农村聚落空间结构特征的关系。结果表明:聚落密度、聚落间最近邻体距离以及基于聚落点生成的泰森多边形等聚落格局特征与气候、地形等宏观环境变量具有显著的关联关系;聚落密度主要受地形要素的限制,水热通量较高、地形复杂的地理区域,聚落间对土地资源的空间分割倾向于表现出较小的空间单元,同时分割的空间异质性相应升高;总体上,农村聚落的空间结构受到土地资源供给量与土地利用的难易程度(地形限制)共同影响,这一定程度上反映了宏观尺度上的人地关系。本文研究内容有助于在宏观尺度上理解农村聚落的空间分布特征,并对当前新农村建设具有参考价值。

关键词: 随机森林, 国家森林资源清查, 生物量转换和扩展因子, 增强回归树, 立体派模型

Abstract: Spatial patterning of rural settlements can reflect how land resources are spatially segregated in agrarian societies. In this study, we conducted a systematic sampling at a national scale and used highresolution remotelysensed images to extract information on the rural settlements in eastern mainland China. We used spatial analyses and multivariate regression to quantitatively analyze structural attributes of rural settlements in relation to a set of environmental and socioeconomic factors at a large spatial scale. Results showed that the macroenvironmental factors including climate and topography can well explain the geographic patterns of settlement density, betweensettlement nearest neighbor distance and distribution of Thiessen polygons generated based on settlement points. Settlement density is mainly constrained by topography. In areas with higher waterenergy flux and complex topographic relief, the betweensettlement spatial segregation of land resources tends to present smaller spatial units, while the heterogeneity of such segregation tends to be elevated. In general, spatial structure of rural settlements is co-influenced by land resource supply and topographic constraint, reflecting a macroscale humannature relationship. Our work can help to better understand spatial characteristics of rural settlements at broad scales, and have useful implications to the current practice of ‘New Countryside Constructions’ in China.

Key words: biomass conversion and expansion factors., Cubist model, random forest, boosted regression trees, national forest inventory