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葫芦岛锌厂周边农田土壤重金属浓度的空间变异及污染评价

田莉1,2,李国琛1,王颜红1*,李波1,宁翠萍1,2,崔杰华1,王世成1#br#   

  1. (1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2016-11-10 发布日期:2016-11-10

Spatial distribution of heavy metals and pollution evaluation in farmland soil surrounding Huludao Zinc Plant.

TIAN Li1,2, LI Guo-chen1, WANG Yan-hong1*, LI Bo1, NING Cui-ping1,2, CUI Jie-hua1, WANG Shi-cheng1#br#   

  1. (1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China).
  • Online:2016-11-10 Published:2016-11-10

摘要: 以葫芦岛锌厂为中心在15 km范围内采集农田表层及剖面土,对Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As共8种重金属的含量和空间分布进行分析,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和富集因子法对其污染现状进行评价,分析重金属污染的特征,并通过主成分分析探究其污染源。结果表明,锌厂周围农田土壤重金属呈现不同程度的富集,其中Hg和Cd的污染程度最大,研究区总体处于重度污染水平。土壤重金属污染多以锌厂为中心,距锌厂越远,污染越小。主成分分析表明,第1主成分中Zn、Cd、Cu、As、Pb和Hg负荷较高,结合相关性分析结果,推断上述重金属主要受工业生产、交通运输等人为活动影响;第2主成分中Ni、Cr负荷最高,且Ni、Cr与土壤背景值接近,主要受成土母质及其风化物的影响。

关键词: 生态用地, 景观连接度, 生态安全, 黑河中游, 距离阈值

Abstract: Soil samples from farmlands surrounding Huludao Zinc Plant were collected and the content and spatial distribution of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg and As were analyzed. Then, the characteristics of heavy metal pollution were evaluated with the methods of single factor pollution index, Nemerow multifactor index and enrichment factor. Finally, the principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to estimate the sources of heavy metals. The results indicated that the farmland soils surrounding the zinc plant showed different degrees of enrichment in heavy me-tals, and Hg and Cd showed higher degrees of pollution than the other metals. The study area was severely polluted as a whole. The distribution of heavy metals pollution in soils was mostly centered on the zinc plant. The PCA analysis showed that Zn, Cd, Cu, As, Pb and Hg in factor 1 were associated with anthropogenic activities such as industrial production and traffic, whereas Ni and Cr in factor 2 were mainly controlled by parent material and its weathering.

Key words: landscape connectivity, distance threshold, the middle reaches of the Heihe River., ecological security, ecological land