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膜下滴灌水氮耦合对春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

李文惠1,2,尹光华1**,谷健1,2,黄鹏飞1,2,贾兆宾3   

  1. (1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3沈阳农业大学, 沈阳 110866)
  • 出版日期:2015-12-10 发布日期:2015-12-10

Coupling effects of water and nitrogen on yield and water use efficiency of spring maize with drip irrigation under film mulching.

LI Wen-hui1,2, YIN Guang-hua1**, GU Jian1,2, HUANG Peng-fei1,2, JIA Zhao-bin3   

  1. (1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China)
  • Online:2015-12-10 Published:2015-12-10

摘要: 采用二次回归正交设计,在移动旱棚水、肥精量控制条件下研究了土壤湿度和施氮量对春玉米产量、耗水量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:水氮耦合作用对玉米产量有显著的影响(P<0.05)。产量随着土壤湿度和施氮量的升高呈先增大后减小的趋势。分析产量模型可知,当土壤湿度为田间持水量的65%~70%、施氮量为462 kg·hm-2时,玉米产量可达15142.5 kg·hm-2。玉米不同处理阶段耗水量均表现为生育前期少,中期缓慢增加,到灌浆期迅速增加的趋势。全生育期耗水量和耗水强度均随土壤湿度的升高而增大,土壤湿度是影响耗水量、耗水强度及水分利用效率的主要因素,而施氮量的影响作用较弱。

关键词: 生态脆弱性, 胡焕庸线, 连片特困区, 经济贫困, 耦合协调度, 耦合度

Abstract: To explore the effect of soil moisture and nitrogen application rate on yield, water consumption amount and water use efficiency of spring maize, an experiment was conducted by using secondorder regression orthogonal design. Precision irrigation and fertilization was adopted in a mobile shed. The results showed that water and nitrogen coupling had a significant effect on maize yield (P<0.05). The yield increased firstly and decreased subsequently with increasing the soil moisture and the nitrogen application rate. The yield model showed that the maximum yield reached 15142.5 kg·hm-2 when the soil moisture reached 65%-70% of field capacity and the nitrogen application rate was 462 kg·hm-2. During the whole growth period, the water consumption amount was lowest at the earlier stage, increased slowly at the middle stage and increased rapidly at the grainfilling stage. Overall, the water consumption amount and intensity in the whole growth period increased with the increase of soil moisture. Soil moisture was the main factor influencing water use efficiency, water consumption amount and intensity, while nitrogen application rate had a weak effect.

Key words: contiguous destitute area, ecological vulnerability, coupling coordinated degree, coupling degree, Hu-Line (Hu Population Line)., economic poverty