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重金属污染土壤超积累植物修复关键技术的发展

安婧,宫晓双,魏树和**   

  1. (中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所污染生态与环境工程重点实验室, 沈阳 110016)
  • 出版日期:2015-11-10 发布日期:2015-11-10

Research progress on technologies of phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils.

AN Jing, GONG Xiao-shuang, WEI Shu-he**   

  1. (Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China)
  • Online:2015-11-10 Published:2015-11-10

摘要:

我国土壤重金属污染问题日益突出,严重影响食品安全和人类健康,同时也制约了社会经济的可持续发展。在众多土壤重金属修复技术中,超富集植物修复技术以廉价高效、操作简单、安全可靠、环境友好等优点,被认为是最具发展潜力的绿色修复技术之一。本文回顾了该技术在国内外的发展历程,并对超积累植物的筛选鉴定、对重金属的吸收转运机制、强化修复措施及植物安全处置与利用等几个关键技术进行了阐述,对该技术今后的发展方向和突破点进行了展望。
 

关键词: 冠层, 光合有效辐射截获, 干物质分布, 施氮量, 小麦

Abstract: Heavy metal contamination in soil has become a serious problem in China in recent years. It not only affects the food safety and human health, but also limits the sustainable development. Among numerous remediation techniques, phytoremediation with hyperaccumulator plants is a low cost, effective, easy to operate, safe, and environmentally friendly technology for remediating heavy metal contaminated soils, and has been considered as one of the most potential green remediation technologies. The history and development of the phytoremediation technique is reviewed, and the essential technical problems limiting the development of the technique on large scale in China, such as selection and identification of the hyperaccumulator, the mechanism of absorption and transport of heavy metals, strengthening measures, and safe disposal and utilization of hyperaccumulator, are elucidated in the present paper. The perspectives of the application of phytoremediation in future are also discussed.

Key words: photosynthetic active radiation interception, canopy, nitrogen application rate, wheat, dry matter distribution.