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高寒草甸冷季牧场牦牛和藏羊粪中植物种子密度和多样性

景媛媛,徐长林,陈陆军,鱼小军**,杨海磊,张建文,肖红   

  1. (甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心, 甘肃省草业工程实验室, 兰州 730070)
  • 出版日期:2014-10-10 发布日期:2014-10-10

Density and diversity of plant seeds in yak and sheep dung in cold season pasture of alpine meadow.

JING Yuan-yuan, XU Chang-lin, CHEN Lu-jun, YU Xiao-jun**, YANG Hai-lei, ZHANG Jian-wen, XIAO Hong   

  1. (College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education / Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province / SinoU.S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China)
  • Online:2014-10-10 Published:2014-10-10

摘要:

为明确高寒草甸冷季牧场牦牛粪和藏羊粪中种子含量,研究了天祝东祁连山高寒草甸冷季牧场不同放牧时期牦牛粪和藏羊粪中可萌发植物种子的密度数量和多样性。结果表明,高寒草甸冷季牧场的同一放牧时期,牦牛粪中种子的物种数高于藏羊粪;种子密度牦牛粪低于藏羊粪,放牧初期和末期差异不显著,放牧中期差异显著。放牧初期和末期牦牛粪中种子的Shannon指数显著高于藏羊粪,放牧中期差异不显著。牦牛粪中的种子物种数为:末期>初期>中期;藏羊粪为:初期>末期>中期。单位重量牦牛粪中的种子数量变化规律是:末期>初期>中期,藏羊粪为:中期>末期>初期。牦牛粪中所含莎草科的植物种子最多,而藏羊粪中则以杂类草为主。高寒草甸冷季牧场不同放牧时期草地状况的不同,使得草地贮草量和种子在草层内的分布不同,加之牦牛和藏羊各自采食习性、单口采食量的差异,以及牦牛和藏羊消化道对种子的消化率不同,最终导致牦牛和藏羊粪便中的种子密度、种类和多样性存在差异。
 

关键词: 杉木, 水分利用效率, 年龄序列, 养分状况

Abstract: In order to identify the features of plant seeds in dung of yak and Tibetan sheep grazing at different grazing stages of winter pasture (alpine meadow) on Eastern Qilian Mountain, the number of species, the seed diversity index, the seed number and density were studied. The results showed that in the same grazing stage, the number of seed species in yak dung was higher than in Tibetan sheep dung. The seed density in yak dung was lower than in the Tibetan sheep dung, but the difference was significant only at the middle grazing stage. At the initial and final grazing stages, the seed diversity index in yak dung was significantly higher than that in Tibetan sheep dung. The seed species number and seed density (grains·kg-1) in yak dung at the different grazing stages were both in order of final grazing stage > initial grazing stage > middle grazing stage, and those in Tibetan sheep dung were in order of initial grazing stage > final grazing stage > middle grazing stage and of middle grazing stage > final grazing stage > initial grazing stage, respectively. The seed number of sedge was the highest in yak dung, while the seed number of forbs was the highest in Tibetan sheep dung. The different conditions of winter pasture at the different grazing stages made the seed distribution different in each synusia of plant community, together with the differences in grazing habit, forage intake per bite and digestibility of yak and Tibetan sheep, causing the differences in seed density, seed species and seed diversity of their dung.

Key words: chronosequence, Cunninghamia lanceolata, nutrient status, water use efficiency