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• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

丰容对圈养赤斑羚活动时间分配的影响

侯晓云1,刘振生1,2,滕丽微1,2**,王爱善3   

  1. 1东北林业大学野生动物资源学院, 哈尔滨 150040; 2国家林业局野生动物保护生物学重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150040; 3上海-动物园管理处, 上海 200335)
  • 出版日期:2014-08-10 发布日期:2014-08-10

Effects of enrichment on activity budgets of captive red goral.

HOU Xiao-yun1, LIU Zhen-sheng1,2, TENG Li-wei1,2**, WANG Ai-shan3   

  1. (1College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; 2Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, State Forestry Administration, Harbin 150040, China; 3Shanghai Zoo, Shanghai 200335, China)
  • Online:2014-08-10 Published:2014-08-10

摘要:

2010年11月—2013年2月,以上海动物园繁殖场内的10只赤斑羚(Naemorhedus cranbrooki)为研究对象,分别进行了2次环境丰容和食物丰容,分析了丰容前后对圈养赤斑羚活动时间分配的影响。结果表明:在加入丰容设施后,赤斑羚的卧息和刻板行为明显减少,摄食、移动和修饰行为明显增加,与预期结果一致;进一步增加丰容设施的复杂性后,卧息行为明显减少,移动和修饰行为明显增加,但其他几种行为变化不明显,未达到预期效果。在食物丰容阶段,卧息和其他行为有所减少,站立行为有所增加,但以上3种行为变化都不明显,未达到预期效果。在对丰容设施的利用上,进行食物丰容和增加丰容设施的复杂性有效地促进了赤斑羚对丰容设施的利用,分别使赤斑羚在丰容设施上活动的时间百分比由2.07%和1.44%提高到12.17%和10.83%。首次加入丰容设施后,赤斑羚在丰容设施上主要以站立行为为主;进一步增加环境复杂度后,赤斑羚在此设施上主要行为变为卧息行为。食物丰容前,赤斑羚在丰容设施上主要行为是站立行为;在食物丰容阶段,赤斑羚主要的行为变成了摄食行为。
 

关键词: 树干液流, 五针热脉冲数字探头(PHPP), 热扩散探针(TDP), 干旱地区

Abstract: In recent years, many zoos have transformed their objectives from pure entertainment to public education, species conservation, and animal welfare, which were mainly accomplished by environmental enrichment. We conducted an enrichment experiment (two environmental enrichments and one feeding enrichments) of 10 captive red gorals (Naemorhedus cranbrooki) in Shanghai Zoo Breeding Center, China from November 2010 to February 2013, to analyze the effect of different forms of the enrichments on the activity budgets of red gorals. Ethograms were composed of standing, resting, moving, eating, grooming, stereotypic behavior, and other behaviors. The time on resting (P<0.01) and stereotypic (P<0.05) behaviors significantly decreased after adding the enrichment equipment firstly, while the time allocated for eating (P<0.05), moving (P<0.01) and grooming (P<0.01) behaviors increased dramatically, which was consistent with our expectations. Then we improved complexity of the environmental enrichment equipment (second environmental enrichment), and the time on resting behavior (P<0.05) reduced, whereas the time allocated for moving (P<0.05) and grooming (P<0.01) behaviors increased significantly. Meanwhile, there was no significant variation in time spending on several other behaviors, which was not identical to our expectations. Resting (P=0.44), stereotypic (P=0.19), and standing (P=0.31) behaviors did not show significant differences at the feeding enrichment and non-enrichment stages. Feeding enrichment and increasing complexity of environmental enrichment equipment helped red gorals make use of the enrichment equipment effectively. Red gorals added the time resting on the enrichment equipment from 2.07% during the feeding enrichment and 1.44% during the second environmental enrichment to 12.17% and 10.83%, respectively. After we increased the first enrichment equipment, the major activity on the equipment was standing behavior, followed by eating behavior. Nonetheless, the main activity transformed to resting behavior, and the secondary activity was standing behavior when we conducted the second enrichment equipment. Before the feeding enrichment experiment, the major activity of red gorals was standing behavior, followed by grooming behavior. During the feeding enrichment experiment, red gorals showed more time for eating behavior, and less time for standing behavior.

Key words: arid region, thermal diffusion probe (TDP), penta-needle heat pulse probe (PHPP), sap flow