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橡胶树在西双版纳引种区的种子捕食与散布

周会平**,陈国云,岳海,寸明   

  1. (云南省热带作物科学研究所, 云南景洪 666100)
  • 出版日期:2014-08-10 发布日期:2014-08-10

Seed predation and dispersal of Hevea brasiliensis in Xishuangbanna introduction area.

ZHOU Hui-ping**, CHEN Guo-yun, YUE Hai, CUN Ming   

  1. Seed predation and dispersal of Hevea brasiliensis in Xishuangbanna introduction area.
  • Online:2014-08-10 Published:2014-08-10

摘要: 在纯橡胶林、胶竹复合林、沟谷季节雨林、次生林及毗邻次生林的橡胶林共5种不同生境中释放标记的橡胶树种子,观测种子捕食者以及种子被捕食、埋藏和扩散情况。结果表明:纯橡胶林和沟谷季节雨林内的橡胶树种子大多数都原地存留(>80%和>98%),而胶竹复合林内几乎100%的种子均被捕食;次生林内释放的橡胶树种子捕食率也几为100%,而毗邻次生林的橡胶林种子捕食率约50%;卡方检验表明,胶竹复合林的种子捕食率显著高于沟谷季节雨林和纯橡胶林,次生林内显著高于毗邻的橡胶林(P<0.001)。绝大多数橡胶树种子被捕食者原地或搬运后取食,仅有少量种子被埋藏。大多数种子(>80%)被搬运距离在10 m以内。红外感应相机拍摄和饲喂实验发现,黄胸鼠(Rattus tanezumi)和红刺鼠(Rattus surifer)为主要的种子捕食者。可见,在西双版纳引种区橡胶树种子主要是被小型鼠类取食,但捕食强度较大,而被埋藏种子比例很低,散布距离较短(< 10 m)。

关键词: 木霉, 促生作用, 种子发芽, 林木生长发育, 抗氧化酶

Abstract: Tagged seeds of Hevea brasiliensis were separately released in five habitats. The seed fate and seed predators were observed. The results showed that, in the pure rubber plantation and the seasonal rainforest, most seeds remained untouched in situ (>80% and >98%, respectively), while in the rubberbamboo mixed forest and in the secondary forest seed predation was almost 100%, and in the neighboring rubber plantation it was 50%. Chisquare test indicated that the seed predation rate of the rubberbamboo mixed forest was significantly higher than that of the pure rubber plantation and the seasonal rainforest, and it was obviously higher in the secondary forest than in the neighboring rubber plantation (P<0.001). Most seeds were predated in situ or after removing, with a very small amount of seeds being stored. Most seeds (>80%) were transported <10 m away. By infraredsensor camera and feeding experiment, Rattus tanezumi and Rattus surifer were confirmed as the primary seed predators. This study indicated that seeds of H. brasiliensis mainly predated by small rodents with a high predation intensity, low storage rate and shortdistance dispersal (<10 m) in Xishuangbanna introduction area.

Key words: seed germination, growth promoting, seedling growth and development, Trichoderma, antioxidant enzyme