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氮输入对天然湿地温室气体通量的影响及机制

胡敏杰,仝川**   

  1. (福建师范大学湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室, 福建师范大学亚热带湿地研究中心, 福建师范大学地理科学学院, 福州 350007)
  • 出版日期:2014-07-10 发布日期:2014-07-10

Effects of nitrogen enrichment on the greenhouse gas fluxes in natural wetlands and the associated mechanism: A review.

HU Min-jie, TONG Chuan**   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Ecogeographical Process of the Ministry of Education, Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China)
  • Online:2014-07-10 Published:2014-07-10

摘要: 天然湿地是温室气体的一个重要排放源、汇和转换器,在稳定全球气候变化中占据着重要的位置。近年来,由于化石燃料的燃烧、氮肥使用、工业废水排放等输入的氮元素,大量进入湿地生态系统,直接或间接地影响着温室气体的生产与排放。本文综述了国内外有关氮输入对天然湿地主要温室气体通量的影响及机制研究进展,重点论述了以下几个方面:1)氮输入对天然湿地主要温室气体通量的影响存在促进、抑制或影响不显著3种情况;2)氮输入对CO2、CH4、N2O产生的控制作用改变了温室气体产生与消耗的微生物过程,提高了湿地生态系统生产力,增加了生物量,影响了周围环境因子;3)天然湿地温室气体通量的变化是输入氮的种类与浓度、土壤理化性质、微生物活性、相关环境因子、氧化还原潜力等因子综合作用的结果。探讨了现有研究存在的主要问题,提出了未来重点研究的方向。

关键词: 硅, 植硅体碳, 母岩, 植硅体, 毛竹

Abstract: Natural wetlands are an important source, sink and convertor of greenhouse gases, and play an important role in stabilizing global climate change. In recent years, the nitrogen (N) enrichment in natural wetland ecosystems through intensive fossil fuel combustion, N fertilizer application and industrial sewage discharge have affected directly or indirectly the production, consumption and flux of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4). Effects of nitrogen input on greenhouse gases have been increasingly received attention. In this paper, the main research progress of effects of nitrogen enrichment on the greenhouse gas fluxes in natural wetlands and the associated mechanisms are reviewed. The effects of nitrogen enrichment on the greenhouse gas fluxes in natural wetlands have positive, negative and ineffective patterns, due to differences in nitrogen fertilizer types and input levels, physical and chemical properties of soil, microbial activity, environmental factors, redox potential and so on. Finally, the problems of current research and some future topics are discussed.

Key words: phytolith, parent rock, Si, Moso bamboo, phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC)