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骨顶鸡日行为活动对游憩干扰的反应

哈丽亚1,程鲲1,宗诚1**,李金波2   

  1. 1东北林业大学野生动物资源学院, 哈尔滨 150040; 2黑龙江安邦河湿地管理局, 黑龙江双鸭山 155900)
  • 出版日期:2014-07-10 发布日期:2014-07-10

Responses of diurnal activity of common coot (Fulica atra) to recreation disturbance.

HA Li-ya1, CHENG Kun1, ZONG Cheng1**, LI Jin-bo2   

  1. (1College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; 2Bureau of Anbang River Wetland Management, Shuangyashan 155900, Heilongjiang, China)
  • Online:2014-07-10 Published:2014-07-10

摘要:

近年来,湿地生态旅游在我国各地逐渐兴起,水鸟作为湿地生态系统的重要成分,其行为是否因游憩活动而改变成为了重要的研究内容。本文以黑龙江省安邦河自然保护区为研究区,调查了骨顶鸡(Fulica atra)对湿地游憩活动的行为反应,用瞬时扫描取样法分别观察了码头区、游船区和对照区骨顶鸡成鸟及幼鸟的日行为活动。结果表明,码头区成鸟比对照区取食时间显著减少,隐藏的时间明显增加,游走和整理活动显著降低;游船区成鸟比对照区出现更多的攻击和隐藏行为。游憩区幼鸟与对照区的取食、隐藏和躲避时间有显著差异。游憩干扰还表现在码头区成鸟的取食节律片段化,成鸟和幼鸟隐藏频率较高的时段与游人的活动高峰相一致。研究认为,游船区干扰对骨顶鸡的影响较码头区小,幼鸟比成鸟对干扰的适应能力更强。由于高强度的游憩干扰对骨顶鸡等水鸟种群秋迁前的能量蓄积不利,因此建议增加码头路边隔离绿化带,在游船与骨顶鸡领域间设置浮标隔离带,加强对游憩活动的管理。
 

 

关键词: 污泥农用, 城市污泥, 植物-土壤系统

Abstract: Wetland ecotourism is developing rapidly in many areas of China in recent years. Waterbirds are key elements in wetland ecosystems, and recreational activities have the potential to bring about behavioral changes of the birds. Behavioral responses of common coots (Fulica atra) to wetland recreation were investigated in Anbang River Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province. The diurnal activities of adult and juvenile common coots were observed separately in a dock area, a boating area and in a control area without recreation activities, using instantaneous scan sampling methods. The results indicated that adult birds in the dock area spent less time on foraging, wandering, and grooming; more time on hiding than those in the control area. Adult coots in the boating area hid and exhibited aggressive behaviors more frequently than those in the control area. Foraging, hiding and escape behaviors of juvenile coots occurred more frequently in the boating area than in the control area. Disturbance from recreation was also revealed by the punctuated foraging rhythm of adults and the shortened foraging peak of juveniles. We concluded that the boating area had fewer recreation impacts on coots than the dock area, and that juvenile birds were better habituated than adult common coots. Because the intensive disturbance has the potential to impact the energy storage of common coots before autumn migration, we propose several management suggestions, such as increasing the plant belt between the roadside and the dock area, planning buffer zones between boats and coot territories, and enhancing recreation and visitor management.

 

Key words: municipal sewage sludge, plant-soil system, sewage sludge utilization