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模拟动物取食子叶对辽东栎种子萌发和幼苗早期生长的影响

闫兴富1**,方苏1,石淳1,仇智虎2,周云锋1   

  1. (1北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院, 银川750021;2宁夏罗山国家级自然保护区管理局, 宁夏红寺堡751900)
  • 出版日期:2014-04-10 发布日期:2014-04-10

Effects of simulated cotyledon predation on the seed germination and early seedling growth of Quercus wutaishanica

YAN Xing-fu1**, FANG Su1, SHI Chun1, QIU Zhi-hu2, ZHOU Yun-feng1   

  1. (1College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beifang University of Nationalities, Yinchuan 750021, China; 2Administration Bureau of Luoshan National Nature Reserve, Hongsibu 751900, Ningxia, China)
  • Online:2014-04-10 Published:2014-04-10

摘要: 在实验室人工气候箱和玻璃温室盆播条件下,研究了不同程度子叶切除处理(切除1/4、1/2和3/4子叶,以不切除子叶为对照)对辽东栎(Quercus wutaishanica)种子萌发和幼苗早期生长的影响。结果表明:在人工气候箱培养条件下,子叶切除处理后种子的萌发率均高于对照,其中切除1/4子叶处理与对照间差异显著;子叶切除处理加快了种子萌发进程,即萌发速率系数减小,各处理及其与对照间差异不显著;萌发指数在切除1/4子叶处理显著大于对照,其他切除处理与对照间无显著差异;子叶切除处理对活力指数无显著影响。在玻璃温室盆播条件下,尽管不同程度子叶切除处理种子的萌发率无显著提高,但子叶切除后,种子的萌发进程加快,萌发指数增大;活力指数在切除1/4子叶处理略高于对照,而切除1/2和3/4子叶处理均大幅减小。切除子叶处理的幼苗株高、基径、主根长、侧根数、最大侧根长、叶片数、单株叶面积和总干质量等生长参数均不同程度的减小,其中株高在各处理及其与对照间均差异显著,其他生长参数在2个重度子叶切除处理(切除1/2和3/4子叶)均显著小于对照;幼苗根冠比受子叶切除处理的影响较小,各处理及与对照间均差异不显著;切除子叶处理增大了幼苗的比叶面积、比枝长和比根长,其中比叶面积在切除1/2子叶处理显著大于对照,比枝长在各切除处理均显著大于对照,切除1/2子叶和切除3/4子叶处理幼苗的比根长显著大于切除1/4子叶处理和对照幼苗。

关键词: 6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶, 丙酮酸激酶, 核桃, 脂肪, 乙酰辅酶A羧化酶

Abstract: Under laboratory artificial climate incubator and in glass greenhouse, two experiments of simulated cotyledon predation were conducted to test the effects of different cotyledon excision (excision of 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 cotyledon, with non excision cotyledon as control) on seed germination and early seedling growth of Quercus wutaishanica, a dominant tree species in warm temperate deciduous forest. The germination percentages (GPs) of seeds planted in the artificial climate incubator were higher than that of the control after the cotyledon being partially excised and a significant difference was detected between the control and 1/4 cotyledon excision treatments. Cotyledon excision accelerated the timing of seed germination, or in other words, cotyledon removal increased the coefficient of  germination rate  (CGR), but no significant difference in CGR was observed among the control and cotyledon excision treatments. Among all cotyledon excision treatments, the 1/4 cotyledon excision treatment significantly increased the germination index (GI) of seeds. It was found that cotyledon excision did not significantly affect vigor index (Ⅵ). When seeds were planted in the pot in the glass greenhouse, cotyledon excision did not significantly increase GP but did result in the acceleration of germination course and the increase of GI. Slight increase of VI was observed with 1/4 cotyledon excision, but a large decline in Ⅵ was observed with 1/2 or 3/4 cotyledon excision. Cotyledon excision resulted, in varied degrees, in the decreases of shoot height, basal stem diameter, taproot length, number of lateral root, maximum of lateral root, leaf number, leaf area per seedling and total dry mass of Q. wutaishanica seedlings. There were significant differences in seedling shoot height among cotyledon excised and nonexcised treatments. Other parameters of seedlings with 1/2 and 3/4 cotyledon excision were significantly lower than that of seedlings without cotyledon excision. Cotyledon excision had little impact on root shoot ratio of seedlings. Increase in specific leaf area (SLA), specific shoot length (SSL) and specific root length (SRL) of seedlings were detected due to cotyledon excision. Compared to the control treatment, 1/2 cotyledon excision significantly increased SLA of seedlings, and all cotyledon excision treatments significantly increased SSL of seedlings. Also, 1/2 or 3/4 cotyledon excision significantly increased SRL of seedlings compared with no or 1/4 cotyledon excision.

Key words: Pyruvate Kinase, G6PDH, walnut, fat, ACCase